Food intake of women with gestational diabetes mellitus, in accordance with two methods of dietary guidance: a randomised controlled clinical trial.

The aim of the study was to evaluate the food intake of pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) according to two methods of dietary guidance. A randomised controlled clinical trial was conducted by appointment with a nutritionist and by using data from hospital records (2011-2014). The study population comprised adult women diagnosed with GDM treated in a public maternity hospital in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The control group (CG) received nutritional advice by the traditional method and the intervention group (IG) were instructed on carbohydrate counting. The analysis of food intake and the consumption of processed foods (PF) and ultra-processed foods (UPF) were evaluated in the second and third trimester. A total of 286 pregnant women were initially assessed (145 in the CG and 141 in the IG). It was observed that 89/120 (74·2 %) and 183/229 (79·9 %) consumed PF daily in the second and third trimesters, respectively, whereas 117/120 (97·5 %) and 225/231 (97·4 %) consumed UPF daily in the second and third trimesters, respectively. When analysing the intake of macronutrients (%) by quartiles, women who had fat intake in the third quartile had the highest average postprandial blood glucose compared with those who consumed fat in the second quartile (P=0·02). The consumption of PF and UPF was high and dietary intake was similar in both groups, regardless of dietary guidance method deployed, suggesting that both methods tested in the study can be used for monitoring the nutritional status of pregnant women with GDM.

The impacts of climate change on Food and Nutritional Security: a literature review. / Os impactos das mudanças climáticas na Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional: uma revisão da literatura.

The interface between Climate Changes and Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) has been standing out in the sustainable development agenda since the early 1990's. Since then, studies show that climate changes have negative effects on the FNS, aggravated by poverty and social inequality. The purpose of this paper is to perform a review evidencing the relationships between climate changes and FNS. The research was carried out in PubMed using the descriptors "climate change and food security" on the headline, selecting only papers in Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages, and with a direct relation to the themes. The main impacts of climate changes on the FNS were related to the access, production, nutritional quality, and volatility of food prices. The studies also indicated mitigation/adaptation strategies to the effects of climate changes on the FNS, as well as a geographic panorama of the publications with fields of study in Africa and Asia, continents marked by social inequality and poverty. Climate changes affect the dimensions of FNS, especially in poorer populations in situation of social inequality. The relevance of the themes raises concern on the urgency of higher investments in public policies, studies, and research on the subject around the world.

A interface entre as Mudanças Climáticas e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) tem se destacado na agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável desde o início da década de 1990. Desde então, estudos demonstram que as mudanças climáticas possuem efeitos negativos na SAN, potencializados pela pobreza e desigualdade social. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão relacionando mudanças climáticas e SAN. A pesquisa foi realizada no PubMed utilizando os descritores "climate change and food security" no título, selecionando somente artigos em português, espanhol e inglês e com relação direta com os temas. Os principais impactos das mudanças climáticas na SAN foram no acesso, produção, qualidade nutricional e volatilidade dos preços dos alimentos. Estratégias de mitigação/adaptação aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas na SAN também foram apontadas nos estudos, além de um panorama geográfico das publicações com domínio de estudos na África e Ásia, continentes marcados por desigualdade social e pobreza. As mudanças climáticas afetam as dimensões da SAN, especialmente em populações mais pobres e em situação de desigualdade social. A relevância dos temas suscita a premência de maior investimento em políticas públicas, estudos e pesquisas acerca da temática no mundo.

Different methods for assessing gestational weight gain and its association with birth weight. / Diferentes métodos para avaliação do ganho de peso gestacional e sua associação com o peso ao nascer.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze association of different methods of gestational weight gain assessment with live births small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study with adult women, normal prepregnancy BMI, single pregnancy and gestational age at delivery ≥28 weeks, from the "Birth in Brazil" study, between 2011 and 2012. RESULTS: Among the 11,000 women participating in the study, prevalence of excessive weight gain was 33.1% according to the Brandão et al. and Institute of Medicine (IOM) methods, and 37.9% according to the Intergrowth method. The chance of being born SGA in the case of insufficient weight gain was OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.06;2.19), OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.05;2.20) and OR=1.56 (95%CI 1.06;2.30) for the Brandão et al., IOM and Intergrowth methods, respectively. Likelihood of excessive weight gain using the same methods was OR=1.53 (95%CI 1.28;1.82), OR=1.57 (95%CI 1.31;1.87) and OR=1.65 (95%CI 1.40;1.96), for LGA respectively. CONCLUSION: Compared to the IOM recommendations, the Intergrowth and Brandão et al. methods show themselves to be alternatives for identifying SGA and LGA.

Gestational weight gain adequacy for favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes: A nationwide hospital-based cohort gestational weight gain for favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Most Brazilian women fail to gain weight within recommendations during pregnancy but current guidelines about gestational weight gain was based on North American population analysis. There are no standardized recommendations developed from Brazilian population data, which should be particularly analysed due to ethnic and sociodemographic characteristics. This study analyses the gestational weight gain of Brazilian women with favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes according to the pre-pregnancy body mass index, considering maternal sociodemographic characteristics. METHODS: We analysed data from the Birth in Brazil: national survey into labour and birth study, a nationwide hospital-based cohort carried out in 266 Brazilian hospitals from February/2011 to July 2012, including adult pregnant women who have no chronic diseases and who have single foetal gestation, born alive and without malformation. Favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes considered were gestational age at birth greater than or equal to 37 and less than 42 weeks, birthweight between 2500 g and 4000 g, and birthweight suitable for gestational age. Sociodemographic characteristics were obtained from medical records and interviews. Weight and height information was obtained from the prenatal card or self-reported. The pre-pregnancy BMI was classified in low weight, normal weight, overweight, obesity I, obesity II, and obesity III. For the missing cases on pre-pregnancy weight or height, body mass index was imputed by multiple imputation prediction model. Gestational weight gain was the difference between the last weight before delivery and the pre-pregnancy weight and was presented as mean and confidence interval, mean and standard deviation, and percentiles distribution (10th to 90th) for each pre-pregnancy body mass index, thus compared to Institute of Medicine recommendations. RESULTS: The analysis included 8184 Brazilian women. The gestational weight gain was lower in women with less favoured social conditions. The mean gestational weight gain according to pre-pregnancy body mass index was within the Institute of Medicine recommendations, except for women with overweight or obesity class I, who have the mean weight gain higher than upper limit of the Institute of Medicine range. Gestational weight gain decreased with an increase in the categories of body mass index; the mean (±standard deviation) were: 15.41 kg (±5.53), 13.54 kg (±4.97), 12.45 kg (±5.86), 9.38 kg (±6.31), 7.15 kg (±6.43), and 5.04 kg (±7.10), for low weight, normal weight, overweight, and obesity I, II and III, respectively. Women had favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes gaining less, within or more than the recommendations with higher range of variation amongst obesity classes I, II, and III which do not have specific ranges stated in Institute of Medicine guidelines. CONCLUSION: Brazilian women had favourable obstetric and neonatal outcomes gaining less, within or more than the Institute of Medicine recommendations. We highlight the need of population-based high-quality research to investigate the optimal GWG recommendations for this population.

COVID-19 and food and nutritional (in)security: action by the Brazilian Federal Government during the pandemic, with budget cuts and institutional dismantlement. / COVID-19 e (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional: ações do Governo Federal brasileiro na pandemia frente aos desmontes orçamentários e institucionais.

The COVID-19 pandemic poses one of this century's greatest public health challenges, with impacts on the health and living conditions of populations worldwide. The literature has reported that the pandemic affects the hegemonic food system in various ways. In Brazil, the pandemic amplifies existing social, racial, and gender inequalities, further jeopardizing the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF) and the attainment of food and nutritional security, especially among more vulnerable groups. In this context, the article aims to analyze the first measures by the Brazilian Federal Government to mitigate the pandemic's effects and that may have repercussions on food and nutritional security, considering the recent institutional changes in policies and programs. A narrative literature review was performed, and the information sources were the bulletins of the Center for Coordination of Operations by the Crisis Committee for Supervising and Monitoring the Impacts of COVID-19 and homepages of various government ministries, from March to May 2020. The actions were systematized according to the guidelines of the National Policy for Food and Nutritional Security. The analysis identified the creation of institutional crisis management arrangements. The proposed actions feature those involving access to income, emergency aid, and food, such as authorization for food distribution outside schools with federal funds from the National School Feeding Program. However, the setbacks and dismantlement in food and nutritional security may undermine the Federal Government's capacity to respond to COVID-19.

A pandemia por COVID-19 representa um dos maiores desafios da saúde pública deste século, causando impactos na saúde e nas condições de vida das populações em todo o mundo. Tem sido apontado pela literatura que a pandemia afeta de diversas formas o sistema alimentar hegemônico. No Brasil, a pandemia amplifica as desigualdades sociais, raciais e de gênero já existentes, comprometendo ainda mais a garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e a concretização da segurança alimentar e nutricional, especialmente entre os mais vulneráveis. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as primeiras ações, em âmbito federal, do governo brasileiro para a mitigação dos efeitos da pandemia que podem repercutir na segurança alimentar e nutricional, considerando as recentes mudanças institucionais das políticas e programas. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura e utilizado como fontes de informação os boletins do Centro de Coordenação de Operações do Comitê de Crise para Supervisão e Monitoramento dos Impactos da COVID-19 e homepages de ministérios setoriais, de março a maio de 2020. As ações foram sistematizadas segundo as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Foi identificada a criação de arranjos institucionais para o gerenciamento da crise. Dentre as ações propostas, destacam-se aquelas relacionadas ao acesso à renda, como o auxílio emergencial, e a alimentos, como a autorização para a distribuição de alimentos fora do ambiente escolar com os recursos federais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. No entanto, os retrocessos e desmontes na área de segurança alimentar e nutricional podem comprometer a capacidade de resposta do Governo Federal no contexto da COVID-19.

La pandemia por COVID-19 representa uno de los mayores desafíos de la salud pública de este siglo, causando impactos en la salud y condiciones de vida de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. Se ha señalado por parte de la literatura que la pandemia afecta de diversas formas el sistema alimentario hegemónico. En Brasil, la pandemia amplifica las desigualdades sociales, raciales y de género ya existentes, comprometiendo todavía más la garantía del Derecho Humano a la Alimentación Adecuada (DHAA) y la concretización de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, especialmente entre los más vulnerables. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las primeras acciones, en el ámbito federal, del gobierno brasileño para la mitigación de los efectos de la pandemia que puedan repercutir en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, considerando los recientes cambios institucionales de las políticas y programas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura y se utilizaron como fuentes de información los boletines del Centro de Coordinación de Operaciones del Comité de Crisis para la Supervisión y Monitoreo de los Impactos de la COVID-19 y homepages de ministerios sectoriales, de marzo a mayo de 2020. Las acciones se sistematizaron según las directrices de la Política Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Se identificó la creación de soluciones institucionales para la gestión de la crisis. Entre las acciones propuestas, se destacan aquellas relacionadas con el acceso a la renta, como el apoyo de emergencia, y de alimentos, como la autorización para la distribución de alimentos fuera del ambiente escolar con los recursos federales del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar. No obstante, los retrocesos y recortes en el área de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional pueden comprometer la capacidad de respuesta del Gobierno Federal en el contexto de la COVID-19.

A pilot intervention to reduce postpartum weight retention at primary health care in Brazil.

INTRODUCTION: Background: postpartum weight retention (PWR) strongly predicts obesity, the major nutritional concern of this century; however, there is a gap in nutritional care for postpartum women in Brazil. Objective: to evaluate the effect of nutritional counselling provided at primary health care on the reduction of PWR. Method: pilot study carried out in a low-income community in southeastern Brazil, involving postpartum women with PWR, who were provided with individual monthly appointments with a nutritionist over three months of follow-up. Nutritional counselling was based on the Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH diet) aiming at healthy and gradual weight loss. Anthropometric evaluation included measurement of weight, height, waist circumference and percentage of body fat. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire and adherence to diet was evaluated using a DASH score. Results: women who participated in the study (n = 26) showed a reduction in PWR (median -1.80 kg, p = 0.004), body mass index (-0.57 kg/m², p = 0.004), and waist circumference (-2.50 cm, p = 0.024), as well as 91.67% of them presented good adherence to diet. Conclusion: nutritional counselling provided to low-income postpartum women at primary health care contributed to the reduction of PWR, body mass index and waist circumference, as the study participants presented good adherence to a healthy dietary pattern.

INTRODUCCIÓN: Introducción: la retención de peso después del parto (RPDP) predice firmemente la obesidad, que es la principal preocupación nutricional de este siglo; sin embargo, existe una brecha en la atención nutricional para las mujeres después del parto en Brasil. Objetivo: evaluar el efecto del asesoramiento nutricional brindado en Atención Primaria sanitaria sobre la reducción de RPDP. Método: estudio piloto realizado en una comunidad de bajos ingresos en el sureste de Brasil, en el que participaron mujeres postparto con RPDP, que recibieron citas mensuales individuales con un nutricionista durante tres meses de seguimiento. El asesoramiento nutricional se basó en la dieta Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension (DASH) y apuntó a una pérdida de peso saludable y gradual. La evaluación antropométrica incluyó la medición del peso, la altura, la circunferencia de la cintura y el porcentaje de grasa corporal. La ingesta dietética se evaluó mediante un cuestionario de frecuencia alimentaria y la adherencia a la dieta se evaluó mediante un score DASH. Resultados: las mujeres que participaron en el estudio (n = 26) mostraron una reducción en la RPDP (mediana de -1,80 kg, p = 0,004), índice de masa corporal (-0,57 kg/m², p = 0,004) y circunferencia de la cintura (-2,50 cm, p = 0,024); el 91.67% de ellas presentaron buena adherencia a la dieta. Conclusión: el asesoramiento nutricional brindado a las mujeres de bajos ingresos después del parto en Atención Primaria sanitaria contribuyó a la reducción de la RPDP, el índice de masa corporal y la circunferencia de la cintura, ya que los participantes del estudio presentaron una buena adherencia a un patrón de dieta saludable.

Adaptation of DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) for postpartum nutritional care at primary healthcare. / Adaptação da dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) para cuidado nutricional no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica.

INTRODUCTION: Postpartum weight retention has been found to predict obesity. However, in Brazil, there's no national strategy for nutritional care of postpartum woman. OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to adapt DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) for nutritional counseling of postpartum woman, at primary healthcare. METHOD: Methodological study, carried out in 2016, at low-income urban neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was developed in four steps: translation, food and food groups adaptation, identification of geographic and economic access to food and viability evaluation. RESULTS: The food groups of original diet were structured to Brazilian dietary pattern. After viability analysis, it was observed that the geographical access of food should be accounted to enable greater adherence. A qualitative and illustrated meal plan was elaborated for nutritional counseling. CONCLUSION: The adapted DASH diet for nutritional care of postpartum woman seems to be according to the Brazilian dietary pattern, maintaining nutritional characteristics that provide the health benefits previously demonstrated. Currently, it's being used in interventional study in two primary healthcare unities at the city of Rio de Janeiro.

INTRODUÇÃO: A retenção de peso pós-parto é fator preditor para desenvolvimento de obesidade. Entretanto, não existe um protocolo para o cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no Brasil. OBJETIVO: Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar a dieta Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) para orientação nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica. MÉTODO: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em 2016, em uma comunidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi constituído de quatro etapas: tradução, adaptação dos alimentos e grupos alimentares, identificação de acessibilidade geográfica e financeira e avaliação da viabilidade. RESULTADOS: Os grupos de alimentos da dieta original foram estruturados para o padrão brasileiro de consumo. Após avaliação da viabilidade da proposta, observou-se que a orientação deve ser direcionada de forma compatível com a realidade local, para que seja possibilitada maior adesão. Para orientação nutricional, foi elaborado um plano alimentar qualitativo e ilustrado. CONCLUSÃO: A adaptação da dieta DASH para cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto parece estar de acordo com o padrão alimentar brasileiro, mantendo as características nutricionais que lhe imputam os benefícios à saúde previamente estudados. Atualmente, está sendo utilizada em estudo de intervenção realizado em dois Serviços de Atenção Básica do município do Rio de Janeiro.

Evaluation of the implementation of human milk supply for prematures in a neonatal intensive care unit / Avaliação da implantação do fornecimento de leite humano para prematuros em unidade de terapia intensiva neonatal

Abstract Objectives: to assess the supply of human milk exclusively to prematures in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit and the influence of external and organizational contexts on the degree of implementation of this intervention. Methods: this is an implementation evaluation with analysis of the external context (sociodemographic situation of mothers, support network and industry marketing) and organizational context (belonging to the hospital unit). To define the degree of implementation, the Analysis and Judgment Matrix was used, considering the compliance dimension, and the availability and technical-scientific quality sub-dimensions. The data used were obtained through interviews, semi-structured questionnaires and analysis of documents from the institution. Results: the degree of implementation of the intervention was 80.74%, proving to be satisfactory, with emphasis on the technical-scientific quality sub-dimension. Conclusions: the success in the supply of human milk is linked to public policies, the support and guidance offered to mothers in the hospital unit, presence of a support network, knowledge of mothers about the benefits of breastfeeding, adequate infrastructure and availability of supplies. The prematures being hospitalized in a child-friendly hospital contributed to the implementation of the intervention.

Resumo Objetivos: avaliar o fornecimento de leite humano de forma exclusiva aos prematuros em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Neonatal e a influência dos contextos externo e organizacional no grau de implantação dessa intervenção. Métodos: trata-se de uma avaliação de implantação com análise dos contextos externo (situação sociodemográfico das mães, rede de apoio e marketing da indústria) e organizacional (pertencente à unidade hospitalar). Para definir o grau de implantação, foi utilizada a Matriz de Análise e Julgamento, considerando a dimensão conformidade, e as subdimensões disponibilidade e qualidade técnico-científica. Os dados utilizados foram obtidos por meio de entrevistas, questionários semiestruturados e análise de documentos da instituição. Resultados: o grau de implantação da intervenção foi de 80,74%, mostrando-se satisfatório, com destaque para a subdimensão qualidade técnico-científica. Conclusões: o sucesso no fornecimento de leite humano está atrelado às políticas públicas, ao apoio e orientações oferecidos às mães na unidade hospitalar, disponibilidade de rede de apoio, conhecimento das mães acerca dos benefícios do aleitamento materno, infraestrutura adequada e disponibilidade de insumos. Os prematuros estarem internados em hospital amigo da criança contribuiu para a implantação da intervenção.

[Validation of the theoretical logical model for food and nutritional surveillance in primary care]. / Validação do modelo lógico teórico da vigilância alimentar e nutricional na atenção primária em saúde.

The aim of this study was to describe the stages in the development and results of the validation of the theoretical logical model for food and nutritional surveillance in primary healthcare (PHC). This was a descriptive and exploratory study that involved 20 specialists in food and nutrition, including researchers, policymakers, health professionals, and users based on a consensus technique in two rounds. Participants classified the structural components needed for food and nutritional surveillance and the respective expected results according to pertinence and relevance. The items were defined as consensus when they reached more than 80% agreement among participants, confirmed by the analysis of the median and interval between the first and third quartiles. The results reflect the validated content of the matrices organized according to four technical components: strategic planning, administrative planning, management and organization of practices, and monitoring and evaluation. The structure and necessary processes for conducting food and nutritional surveillance activities in PHC and the expected short-, medium-, and long-term results were described in the theoretical logical model. The validation of the theory of functioning of the intervention met its objective of increasing the content and construct validity and support the analytical generalization of the case-studies method, a strategy adopted to evaluate the implementation of food and nutritional surveillance in a specified context, in addition to creating a space for dialogue between the theory and its critique by involving different stakeholders in the evaluation, as well as providing a useful management tool.

É objetivo deste trabalho descrever as etapas de desenvolvimento e os resultados do processo de validação do modelo lógico teórico da vigilância alimentar e nutricional na atenção primária à saúde (APS). Trata-se de um estudo descritivo e exploratório, no qual foram envolvidos vinte especialistas em alimentação e nutrição, incluindo pesquisadores, gestores, profissionais de saúde e usuários, por meio de uma técnica de consenso, realizada em duas rodadas. Nelas, os participantes classificaram os componentes estruturais necessários para a realização da vigilância alimentar e nutricional e seus respectivos resultados esperados segundo a pertinência e a relevância. Os itens foram consensuados quando alcançaram mais de 80% de concordância entre os participantes, confirmados pela análise da mediana e do intervalo entre o primeiro e o terceiro quartis. Os resultados refletem o conteúdo validado das matrizes organizadas segundo quatro componentes técnicos: planejamento estratégico, planejamento administrativo, gestão e organização das práticas, monitoramento e avaliação. A estrutura e os processos necessários para a realização das ações de vigilância alimentar e nutricional na APS, bem como os resultados esperados em curto, médio e longo prazos, foram descritos no modelo lógico teórico. A validação da teoria de funcionamento da intervenção cumpriu o seu objetivo de aumentar a validade de conteúdo do constructo e dar suporte à generalização analítica do método de estudos de caso, estratégia adotada para avaliar a implantação da vigilância alimentar e nutricional em um dado contexto, além de criar espaço para o diálogo entre a teoria e sua crítica ao envolver diferentes interessados no processo avaliativo e oportunizar uma ferramenta útil para a gestão.

El objetivo de este trabajo es describir las etapas de desarrollo y los resultados del proceso de validación del modelo lógico teórico de la vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional en la atención primaria a la salud (APS). Se trata de un estudio descriptivo y exploratorio, en el que se vieron involucrados veinte especialistas en alimentación y nutrición, incluyendo investigadores, gestores, profesionales de salud y usuarios, mediante una técnica de consenso, realizada en dos rondas. En ellas, los participantes clasificaron los componentes estructurales necesarios para la realización de la vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional y sus respectivos resultados esperados, según la pertinencia y la relevancia. Los ítems fueron consensuados cuando alcanzaron más de un 80% de concordancia entre los participantes, confirmados por el análisis de la media y del intervalo entre el primer y el tercer cuartil. Los resultados reflejan el contenido validado de las matrices organizadas, según cuatro componentes técnicos: planificación estratégica, planificación administrativa, gestión y organización de las prácticas, monitoreo y evaluación. La estructura y los procesos necesarios para la realización de las acciones de vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional en la APS, así como los resultados esperados en corto, medio y largo plazo, se describieron en el modelo lógico teórico. La validación de la teoría de funcionamiento de la intervención cumplió su objetivo de aumentar la validez de contenido del constructo, y dar apoyo a la generalización analítica del método de estudios de caso, estrategia adoptada para evaluar la implantación de la vigilancia alimentaria y nutricional en un contexto dado, además de crear un espacio para el diálogo entre la teoría y su crítica, al involucrar a diferentes interesados en el proceso de evaluación y hacer de ella oportunamente una herramienta útil para la gestión.

Análise da organização do trabalho nos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica no Rio de Janeiro / Analysis of work organization in the Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers in Rio de Janeiro

Resumo A implantação dos Núcleos Ampliados de Saúde da Família e Atenção Básica (NASF) fomentou estratégias de cuidados mais dialógicas e o acompanhamento de grupos populacionais que, historicamente, tinham pouco acesso à Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS). No município do Rio de Janeiro, oscilações na gestão federal e municipal implicaram redução ou eliminação dessas equipes. Para apreender os impactos desse cenário no cotidiano das equipes do NASF, esta pesquisa analisou documentos normativos e a percepção dos profissionais a respeito da organização do trabalho. Para tanto, realizou-se pesquisa qualitativa que utilizou coleta de dados, análise documental e entrevistas semiestruturadas com oito profissionais do NASF de uma região do Rio de Janeiro, entre agosto de 2019 e fevereiro de 2020. O tratamento dos dados baseou-se na análise de conteúdo. Os resultados expõem os impactos das mudanças nas diretrizes de organização e financiamento do NASF e abordam a percepção dos trabalhadores sobre o processo de trabalho. Assim, evidenciou-se que o NASF apresenta grande potencial de qualificação das ações e intervenções no contexto da APS, porém, a crescente precarização do trabalho sobrecarrega os trabalhadores e dificulta o alcance de seus objetivos originais.

Abstract The implementation of Extended Family and Primary Health Care Centers (EFPHCC) has fostered more dialogic care strategies and the monitoring of population groups that, historically, had little access to Primary Health Care (PHC). However, in the municipality of Rio de Janeiro, oscillations in federal and municipal management implied the reduction or elimination of these teams. To understand the impacts of this scenario on the daily routine of EFPHCC teams, this research analyzed regulatory documents and the professionals' perception of the work organization. Accordingly, a qualitative study was conducted using data collection, document analysis, and semi-structured interviews with eight EFPHCC professionals from a region of Rio de Janeiro between August 2019 and February 2020. Data treatment was based on content analysis. The results expose the impacts of the changes in the organization and financing guidelines of EFPHCC and address the workers' perception of the work process. Thus, it was evident that EFPHCC has the potential to qualify actions and interventions in the context of PHC; however, the growing job insecurity overloads the workers and hinders the achievement of its original goals.

Os impactos das mudanças climáticas na Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional: uma revisão da literatura / The impacts of climate change on Food and Nutritional Security: a literature review

Resumo A interface entre as Mudanças Climáticas e a Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional (SAN) tem se destacado na agenda de desenvolvimento sustentável desde o início da década de 1990. Desde então, estudos demonstram que as mudanças climáticas possuem efeitos negativos na SAN, potencializados pela pobreza e desigualdade social. O objetivo deste artigo é realizar uma revisão relacionando mudanças climáticas e SAN. A pesquisa foi realizada no PubMed utilizando os descritores "climate change and food security" no título, selecionando somente artigos em português, espanhol e inglês e com relação direta com os temas. Os principais impactos das mudanças climáticas na SAN foram no acesso, produção, qualidade nutricional e volatilidade dos preços dos alimentos. Estratégias de mitigação/adaptação aos efeitos das mudanças climáticas na SAN também foram apontadas nos estudos, além de um panorama geográfico das publicações com domínio de estudos na África e Ásia, continentes marcados por desigualdade social e pobreza. As mudanças climáticas afetam as dimensões da SAN, especialmente em populações mais pobres e em situação de desigualdade social. A relevância dos temas suscita a premência de maior investimento em políticas públicas, estudos e pesquisas acerca da temática no mundo.

Abstract The interface between Climate Changes and Food and Nutrition Security (FNS) has been standing out in the sustainable development agenda since the early 1990's. Since then, studies show that climate changes have negative effects on the FNS, aggravated by poverty and social inequality. The purpose of this paper is to perform a review evidencing the relationships between climate changes and FNS. The research was carried out in PubMed using the descriptors "climate change and food security" on the headline, selecting only papers in Portuguese, Spanish, and English languages, and with a direct relation to the themes. The main impacts of climate changes on the FNS were related to the access, production, nutritional quality, and volatility of food prices. The studies also indicated mitigation/adaptation strategies to the effects of climate changes on the FNS, as well as a geographic panorama of the publications with fields of study in Africa and Asia, continents marked by social inequality and poverty. Climate changes affect the dimensions of FNS, especially in poorer populations in situation of social inequality. The relevance of the themes raises concern on the urgency of higher investments in public policies, studies, and research on the subject around the world.

Disponibilidade de estrutura e das atividades profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde correspondentes à Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e Obesidade no estado do Piauí / Availability of structure and professional activities in Primary Health Care corresponding to the Overweight and Obesity Care Line in the state of Piauí

RESUMO O objetivo deste trabalho é apresentar a disponibilidade de estrutura e das atividades profissionais da Atenção Primária à Saúde correspondentes à Linha de Cuidado do Sobrepeso e da Obesidade no estado do Piauí. Estudo transversal descritivo que utilizou dados relacionados à linha de cuidado da obesidade dos Módulos I e II do Ciclo III do Programa de Melhoria do Acesso e da Qualidade da Atenção Básica. Participaram municípios com ≥ 70% das equipes contratualizadas. A disponibilidade foi classificada em 'crítica, incipiente, intermediária e suficiente', a partir das unidades de análise: 'unidades de saúde e equipes'. Os dados foram estratificados por municípios e macrorregiões. Considerou-se 'satisfatória' a unidade de análise que dispunha de 70% ou mais dos itens. Calculou-se prevalência e razão de prevalência bruta e ajustada. Avaliaram-se 213 municípios, 964 unidades e 1.033 equipes. Encontravam-se com disponibilidade 'satisfatória' 71,3%, 84,0% e 97,6%, respectivamente. A disponibilidade 'satisfatória' estava mais concentrada entre os municípios com mais de 20.000 hab. A Macrorregião Semiárido apresentou 1,26 vez maior probabilidade de disponibilidade da estrutura e 1,03 de realização das atividades. A maioria dos municípios apresentou disponibilidade 'satisfatória' para a linha de cuidado. Os achados podem subsidiar outras práticas avaliativas e de planejamento da intervenção.

ABSTRACT The aim of this paper is to present the availability of structure and professional activities of Primary Health Care corresponding to the Overweight and Obesity Care Line in the state of Piauí. Descriptive cross-sectional study that used data related to the obesity care line from Modules I and II of Cycle III of the Program for Improving Primary Health Care Access and Quality. Municipalities with ≥ 70% of the contracted teams participated. The availability was classified as critical, incipient, intermediate and sufficient, based on the units of analysis: health units and teams. The data were stratified by municipalities and macro-regions. The units of analysis were considered satisfactory when they had greater than or equal to 70% of the items. Prevalence and gross and adjusted prevalence ratio were calculated. 213 municipalities, 964 units and 1.033 teams were evaluated. Satisfactory availability was 71.3%, 84.0%, and 97.6%, respectively. Satisfactory availability was more concentrated among municipalities greater than 2.000 inhabitants. The semi-arid macro-region presented 1.26 times greater probability of availability of the structure and 1.03 times of carrying out the activities. Most municipalities presented satisfactory availability for the care line. The findings may support assessment and intervention planning practices.

Validity of self-reported weight, height, and BMI in mothers of the research Birth in Brazil.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the accuracy of information on pre-gestational weight, height, pre-gestational body mass index, and weight at the last prenatal appointment, according to maternal characteristics and sociodemographic and prenatal variables. METHODS: The study was developed using data from the face-to-face questionnaire and prenatal card (gold standard) of the study "Birth in Brazil, 2011-2012". To evaluate the differences between the measured and self-reported anthropometric variables, we used the the Kruskal-Wallis test for the variables divided into quartiles. For the continuous variables, we used the Wilcoxon test, Bland-Altman plot, and average difference between the information measured and reported by the women. We estimated sensitivity and the intraclass correlation coefficient. RESULTS: In the study, 17,093 women had the prenatal card. There was an underestimation of pre-gestational weight of 1.51 kg (SD = 3.44) and body mass index of 0.79 kg/m2 (SD = 1.72) and overestimation of height of 0.75 cm (SD = 3.03) and weight at the last appointment of 0.22 kg (SD = 2.09). The intraclass correlation coefficients (ICC) obtained for the anthropometric variables were: height (ICC = 0.89), pre-gestational weight (ICC = 0.96), pre-gestational body mass index (ICC = 0.92), and weight at the last appointment (ICC = 0.98). CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that the mentioned anthropometric variables were valid for the study population, and they may be used in studies of populations with similar characteristics.

Diferentes métodos para avaliação do ganho de peso gestacional e sua associação com o peso ao nascer / Diferentes métodos para evaluar el aumento de peso gestacional y su asociación con el peso al nacer / Different methods for assessing gestational weight gain and its association with birth weight

Objetivo: Analisar a associação de diferentes métodos para avaliação do ganho de peso gestacional com nascidos vivos pequenos para idade gestacional (PIG) ou grandes para idade gestacional (GIG). Métodos: Estudo transversal, com mulheres adultas, IMC pré-gestacional de eutrofia, gestação única e idade gestacional no parto ≥28 semanas, da pesquisa 'Nascer no Brasil', em 2011-2012. Resultados: Participaram do estudo 11 mil mulheres; a prevalência de ganho excessivo foi de 33,1% segundo os métodos Brandão et al., e IOM, e 37,9% segundo Intergrowth. A chance de nascer PIG para ganho de peso insuficiente foi de OR=1,52 (IC95% 1,06;2,19), OR=1,52 (IC95% 1,05;2,20) e OR=1,56 (IC95% 1,06;2,30) para Brandão et al., IOM e Intergrowth, respectivamente, enquanto o ganho de peso excessivo apresentou OR=1,53 (IC95% 1,28;1,82), OR=1,57 (IC95% 1,31;1,87) e OR=1,65 (IC95% 1,40;1,96), para GIG, respectivamente. Conclusão: Comparados às recomendações do IOM, Intergrowth e Brandão et al. apresentam-se como alternativas para identificar PIG e GIG.

Objetivo: Analizar diferentes métodos de evaluación del aumento de peso gestacional (APG) con nacidos vivos pequeños para la edad gestacional (PEG) y grandes para la edad gestacional (GEG). Métodos: Estudio transversal, con mujeres adultas, IMC pregestacional eutrófico, un solo embarazo y edad gestacional al nacer ≥28 semanas, del estudio `Nacer en Brasil´, entre 2011 y 2012. Resultados: En las 11.000 mujeres del estudio, la prevalencia de ganancia excesiva fue del 33,1% según los métodos de Brandão et.al. y el IOM y 37,9% para Intergrowth. La probabilidad de nacer PEG por una ganancia de peso insuficiente fue OR=1,52 (IC95% 1,06; 2.19), OR=1,52 (IC95% 1,05; 2.20) y OR=1,56 (IC95% 1,06; 2.30) para Brandão et.al, IOM e Intergrowth. La ganancia de peso excesiva, en los mismos métodos presentó OR=1,53 (IC95% 1,28;1,82), OR=1,57 (IC95% 1,31;1.87) y OR=1,65 (IC95% 1,40;1,96) para GEG. Conclusión: En comparación con las recomendaciones del IOM, Intergrowth y Brandão et.al. se presentan como alternativas en la identificación de PEG y GEG.

Objective: To analyze association of different methods of gestational weight gain assessment with live births small for gestational age (SGA) and large for gestational age (LGA). Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with adult women, normal prepregnancy BMI, single pregnancy and gestational age at delivery ≥28 weeks, from the "Birth in Brazil" study, between 2011 and 2012. Results: Among the 11,000 women participating in the study, prevalence of excessive weight gain was 33.1% according to the Brandão et al. and Institute of Medicine (IOM) methods, and 37.9% according to the Intergrowth method. The chance of being born SGA in the case of insufficient weight gain was OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.06;2.19), OR=1.52 (95%CI 1.05;2.20) and OR=1.56 (95%CI 1.06;2.30) for the Brandão et al., IOM and Intergrowth methods, respectively. Likelihood of excessive weight gain using the same methods was OR=1.53 (95%CI 1.28;1.82), OR=1.57 (95%CI 1.31;1.87) and OR=1.65 (95%CI 1.40;1.96), for LGA respectively. Conclusion: Compared to the IOM recommendations, the Intergrowth and Brandão et al. methods show themselves to be alternatives for identifying SGA and LGA.

Vitamin A supplementation in Brazilian pregnant and postpartum women: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the impact of vitamin A supplementation on adult pregnant and puerperal women in Brazil regarding the content of vitamin A and secretory immunoglobulin A on colostrum and breast milk, in child's health conditions, and in mother-child binomial vitamin A status. METHODS: A research was conducted in Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs electronic databases for the studies published between January 2000 and January 2014. The methodological quality of the studies was assessed according to Jadad scale. The study search was conducted in January 2014, independently by two authors. RESULTS: Seven studies were found concerning the effects of vitamin A supplementation in the puerperal period on breast milk and infant morbidity. No study regarding pregnant women supplementation was found. The supplementation in the puerperal period raised the retinol content on breast milk, thus increasing the offer of vitamin A for the child and the concentration of secretory immunoglobulin A on colostrum. There was no description of effects on infant morbidity. CONCLUSION: It seems that the advantages of postpartum supplementation were not established in the Brazilian program, although the supplementation contributes to a better nutritional status of vitamin A for both the child and the puerperal woman and increases the offer of vitamin A for the newborn through the breast milk.

[Evaluation of the Food and Nutrition Surveillance System (SISVAN) in food and nutritional management services in the State of Minas Gerais, Brazil]. / Avaliação do SISVAN na gestão de ações de alimentação e nutrição em Minas Gerais, Brasil.

The scope of this article is to evaluate the SISVAN as a tool for planning, management and evaluation of food and nutrition actions in primary healthcare in the Unified Health System (SUS). It involved a cross-sectional study composed of a stratified random sample of the municipalities in the State of Minas Gerais. The subjects of the research were municipal officials of SISVAN who filled out a structured questionnaire. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed with the construction of simple and bivariate tables. It was observed that those responsible for SISVAN, collect (50%) and input (55%) weight, height, and food consumption data; whereas 53%, 59% and 71% do not analyze and do not recommend or perform nutrition actions, respectively. This being the case, most of those responsible do not use the information for planning, management and evaluation of food and nutrition traits. The findings show that the SISVAN is not used to its full potential; the data generated have not been used for planning, management and evaluation of nutrition services in primary healthcare in the SUS.

COVID-19 e (in)segurança alimentar e nutricional: ações do Governo Federal brasileiro na pandemia frente aos desmontes orçamentários e institucionais / COVID-19 e (in)seguridad alimentaria y nutricional: acciones del Gobierno Federal brasileño en la pandemia frente a los recortes presupuestarios e institucionales / COVID-19 and food and nutritional (in)security: action by the Brazilian Federal Government during the pandemic, with budget cuts and institutional dismantlement

Resumo: A pandemia por COVID-19 representa um dos maiores desafios da saúde pública deste século, causando impactos na saúde e nas condições de vida das populações em todo o mundo. Tem sido apontado pela literatura que a pandemia afeta de diversas formas o sistema alimentar hegemônico. No Brasil, a pandemia amplifica as desigualdades sociais, raciais e de gênero já existentes, comprometendo ainda mais a garantia do Direito Humano à Alimentação Adequada (DHAA) e a concretização da segurança alimentar e nutricional, especialmente entre os mais vulneráveis. Nesse contexto, este artigo tem como objetivo analisar as primeiras ações, em âmbito federal, do governo brasileiro para a mitigação dos efeitos da pandemia que podem repercutir na segurança alimentar e nutricional, considerando as recentes mudanças institucionais das políticas e programas. Foi realizada uma revisão narrativa da literatura e utilizado como fontes de informação os boletins do Centro de Coordenação de Operações do Comitê de Crise para Supervisão e Monitoramento dos Impactos da COVID-19 e homepages de ministérios setoriais, de março a maio de 2020. As ações foram sistematizadas segundo as diretrizes da Política Nacional de Segurança Alimentar e Nutricional. Foi identificada a criação de arranjos institucionais para o gerenciamento da crise. Dentre as ações propostas, destacam-se aquelas relacionadas ao acesso à renda, como o auxílio emergencial, e a alimentos, como a autorização para a distribuição de alimentos fora do ambiente escolar com os recursos federais do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar. No entanto, os retrocessos e desmontes na área de segurança alimentar e nutricional podem comprometer a capacidade de resposta do Governo Federal no contexto da COVID-19.

Resumen: La pandemia por COVID-19 representa uno de los mayores desafíos de la salud pública de este siglo, causando impactos en la salud y condiciones de vida de las poblaciones en todo el mundo. Se ha señalado por parte de la literatura que la pandemia afecta de diversas formas el sistema alimentario hegemónico. En Brasil, la pandemia amplifica las desigualdades sociales, raciales y de género ya existentes, comprometiendo todavía más la garantía del Derecho Humano a la Alimentación Adecuada (DHAA) y la concretización de la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, especialmente entre los más vulnerables. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es analizar las primeras acciones, en el ámbito federal, del gobierno brasileño para la mitigación de los efectos de la pandemia que puedan repercutir en la seguridad alimentaria y nutricional, considerando los recientes cambios institucionales de las políticas y programas. Se realizó una revisión narrativa de la literatura y se utilizaron como fuentes de información los boletines del Centro de Coordinación de Operaciones del Comité de Crisis para la Supervisión y Monitoreo de los Impactos de la COVID-19 y homepages de ministerios sectoriales, de marzo a mayo de 2020. Las acciones se sistematizaron según las directrices de la Política Nacional de Seguridad Alimentaria y Nutricional. Se identificó la creación de soluciones institucionales para la gestión de la crisis. Entre las acciones propuestas, se destacan aquellas relacionadas con el acceso a la renta, como el apoyo de emergencia, y de alimentos, como la autorización para la distribución de alimentos fuera del ambiente escolar con los recursos federales del Programa Nacional de Alimentación Escolar. No obstante, los retrocesos y recortes en el área de seguridad alimentaria y nutricional pueden comprometer la capacidad de respuesta del Gobierno Federal en el contexto de la COVID-19.

Abstract: The COVID-19 pandemic poses one of this century's greatest public health challenges, with impacts on the health and living conditions of populations worldwide. The literature has reported that the pandemic affects the hegemonic food system in various ways. In Brazil, the pandemic amplifies existing social, racial, and gender inequalities, further jeopardizing the Human Right to Adequate Food (HRAF) and the attainment of food and nutritional security, especially among more vulnerable groups. In this context, the article aims to analyze the first measures by the Brazilian Federal Government to mitigate the pandemic's effects and that may have repercussions on food and nutritional security, considering the recent institutional changes in policies and programs. A narrative literature review was performed, and the information sources were the bulletins of the Center for Coordination of Operations by the Crisis Committee for Supervising and Monitoring the Impacts of COVID-19 and homepages of various government ministries, from March to May 2020. The actions were systematized according to the guidelines of the National Policy for Food and Nutritional Security. The analysis identified the creation of institutional crisis management arrangements. The proposed actions feature those involving access to income, emergency aid, and food, such as authorization for food distribution outside schools with federal funds from the National School Feeding Program. However, the setbacks and dismantlement in food and nutritional security may undermine the Federal Government's capacity to respond to COVID-19.

[Food consumption by pregnant adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil]. / O consumo alimentar de gestantes adolescentes no Município do Rio de Janeiro.

The increase in teenage pregnancy has been viewed with concern by public health experts. Food consumption to help maintain high nutrient demands has been identified as one of the most relevant components. This study aims to present the habitual consumption of food and energy-specific nutrients by pregnant adolescents. A total of 1,180 adolescent mothers were interviewed in maternity hospitals in the City of Rio de Janeiro, and a simplified questionnaire on semi-quantitative frequency of food consumption was applied. Lower consumption of fruit juice, vegetables, and fruits was observed among adolescent mothers over 15. Adolescent mothers classified in the lowest quartile of consumption lack the minimum recommended consumption of energy and nutrients. An inverse association was found between the number of household members and energy and nutrient consumption. Adolescent mothers who received dietary information and changed their eating habits during pregnancy showed better results concerning the consumption of energy and nutrients. Prenatal care was a key factor for improving the results of pregnancy, emphasizing the importance of providing dietary information.

The performance of various anthropometric assessment methods for predicting low birth weight in adolescent pregnant women.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of various anthropometric evaluation methods for adolescent pregnant women in the prediction of birth weight. METHODS: It is a cross-sectional study including 826 adolescent pregnant women. In the pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) classification, the recommendations of the World Health Organization were compared with that of the Brazilian Ministry of Health and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) of 1992 and 2006. The gestational weight gain adequacy was evaluated according to the classification of IOM of 1992, of 2006 and of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. The newborns were classified as low birth weight (LBW) or macrosomic. Multinomial logistic regression was used for statistical analysis and sensibility, specificity, accuracy, positive and negative predictive values were calculated. RESULTS: The evaluation, according to the Brazilian Ministry of Health, showed the best prediction for LBW among pregnant women with low weight gain (specificity = 69.5%). The evaluation according to the IOM of 1992 showed the best prediction for macrosomia among pregnant women with high weight gain (specificity = 50.0%). The adequacy of weight gain according to the IOM of 1992 classification showed the best prediction for LBW (OR = 3.84; 95%CI 2.19 - 6.74), followed by the method of the Brazilian Ministry of Health (OR = 2.88, 95%CI 1.73 - 4.79), among pregnant women with low weight gain. CONCLUSION: It is recommended the adoption of the Brazilian Ministry of Health proposal, associated with BMI cut-offs specific for adolescents as an anthropometric assessment method for adolescent pregnant women.

Adaptação da dieta DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) para cuidado nutricional no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica / Adaptation of DASH diet (Dietary Approach to Stop Hypertension) for postpartum nutritional care at primary healthcare

Resumo: Introdução: A retenção de peso pós-parto é fator preditor para desenvolvimento de obesidade. Entretanto, não existe um protocolo para o cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no Brasil. Objetivo: Este estudo teve por objetivo adaptar a dieta Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) para orientação nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto, no âmbito da Atenção Básica. Método: Estudo metodológico, desenvolvido em 2016, em uma comunidade do Rio de Janeiro. Foi constituído de quatro etapas: tradução, adaptação dos alimentos e grupos alimentares, identificação de acessibilidade geográfica e financeira e avaliação da viabilidade. Resultados: Os grupos de alimentos da dieta original foram estruturados para o padrão brasileiro de consumo. Após avaliação da viabilidade da proposta, observou-se que a orientação deve ser direcionada de forma compatível com a realidade local, para que seja possibilitada maior adesão. Para orientação nutricional, foi elaborado um plano alimentar qualitativo e ilustrado. Conclusão: A adaptação da dieta DASH para cuidado nutricional de mulheres no período pós-parto parece estar de acordo com o padrão alimentar brasileiro, mantendo as características nutricionais que lhe imputam os benefícios à saúde previamente estudados. Atualmente, está sendo utilizada em estudo de intervenção realizado em dois Serviços de Atenção Básica do município do Rio de Janeiro.

ABSTRACT: Introduction: Postpartum weight retention has been found to predict obesity. However, in Brazil, there's no national strategy for nutritional care of postpartum woman. Objective: This study aimed to adapt DASH diet (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) for nutritional counseling of postpartum woman, at primary healthcare. Method: Methodological study, carried out in 2016, at low-income urban neighborhood in the city of Rio de Janeiro. It was developed in four steps: translation, food and food groups adaptation, identification of geographic and economic access to food and viability evaluation. Results: The food groups of original diet were structured to Brazilian dietary pattern. After viability analysis, it was observed that the geographical access of food should be accounted to enable greater adherence. A qualitative and illustrated meal plan was elaborated for nutritional counseling. Conclusion: The adapted DASH diet for nutritional care of postpartum woman seems to be according to the Brazilian dietary pattern, maintaining nutritional characteristics that provide the health benefits previously demonstrated. Currently, it's being used in interventional study in two primary healthcare unities at the city of Rio de Janeiro.