RESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is a literature gap in terms of albumin utilization practices. METHODS/MATERIALS: We conducted a single-center retrospective observational electronic audit of adult admitted patients who received one or more vials of albumin (5% or 25%) between September 1, 2019 and August 31, 2020 at a large community hospital. The Research Ethics Board approval was obtained. Utilization data identified through the laboratory information system were independently adjudicated by two reviewers and resolved by consensus as appropriate-acceptable, appropriate-may be acceptable, or inappropriate. The primary objective of this audit is to determine the proportion of 5% and 25% intravenous albumin infusions meeting a priori appropriateness criteria for indication. Secondary outcomes include determining the patterns of practice surrounding intravenous albumin use: patient demographics, most responsible diagnosis, location at time of order, clinical outcomes of albumin recipients, and types, volumes, and cost of albumin infused. RESULTS: The mean total albumin administered was 569.2 mL across 456 total recipients (58% male) with a 29% appropriateness rate. This cohort had an in-hospital mortality rate of 38%, with an average of 6 days from first dose of albumin to death. The mean length of stay was 14 days, with a mean intensive care length of stay of 8 days. The purchase cost of inappropriately transfused albumin was CAD $65,538. CONCLUSION: Based on a lack of or an unacceptable indication provided, 71% of patients were inappropriately transfused. Albumin use deviating from guideline recommendations may be contributing to increased healthcare costs, pressure on limited supply, and potential patient harm.
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Albuminas , Hospitais Comunitários , Adulto , Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Estudos Retrospectivos , Albuminas/uso terapêutico , Administração Intravenosa , HospitalizaçãoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Hospital transfusion services order blood products to satisfy orders and maintain inventory levels during unexpected periods of increased blood demand. Surplus inventory may outdate before being allocated to a recipient. Blood product outdating is the largest contributor to blood wastage. STUDY DESIGN: A province-wide redistribution program was designed and implemented to redistribute near-outdate plasma protein and related blood products from low-usage to high-usage hospitals. Program operations and details are described in this paper. Two transport container configurations were designed and validated for transport of all blood products. A cost-analysis was performed to determine the effectiveness of this redistribution program. RESULTS: A total of 130 hospital transfusion services contributed at least one near-outdate blood product for redistribution between January 2012 and March 2020. These services redistributed 15,499 products through 3412 shipments, preventing the outdating of $17,570,700 CAD worth of product. Program costs were $14,900 for shipping and $30,000 for staffing. Failed time limits or non-compliance with packing configurations resulted in $388,200 worth of blood products (97 shipments containing 816 products) being discarded. Courier transport delays was the most common reason (42/97; 43%) for transport failure. CONCLUSION: Redistributing near-outdate blood products between hospitals is a feasible solution to minimize outdating. Despite heterogeneity of Canadian blood product inventory, all products (each with unique storage and transport requirements) were successfully redistributed in one of two validated and simple containers. Total operation costs of this program were small in comparison to the $17.6 million in savings associated with preventing the discard of outdated products.
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Transfusão de Sangue , Humanos , Transfusão de Sangue/economia , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Preservação de Sangue/economia , Bancos de Sangue/economia , Hospitais , Inventários Hospitalares , Resíduos de Serviços de Saúde/economiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anti-K is an alloantibody stimulated in response to the KEL1 antigen and may cause hemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn (HDFN). Provision of KEL1 negative blood to females of child-bearing potential was not our practice. We assessed the impact of our policy and assessed feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: This is a cohort study spanning Jan 1, 2007-Jun 30, 2017 in Hamilton, Canada. Data were obtained via our institution's transfusion database. Chart reviews of females age ≤45 with anti-K were performed; data on RBC KEL1 phenotype were obtained from the blood supplier when needed to ascertain the cause of alloimmunization. Descriptive analysis of hospital KEL1 negative inventory demand and supply was performed. RESULTS: From Jan 2007-Jun 2017, 8.6% of all RBC units transfused were provided to females age ≤45. There were 111 females with detectable anti-K. Median age at time of antibody detection was 34 years (interquartile range 27-40) and 28 of 111 (25.2%) patients may have been alloimmunized by transfusion. Of 49 pregnancies, seven had complications due to anti-K. We estimated that our existing RBC inventory (with 16% units known to be KEL1 negative in 2017) is sufficient to meet demand and support a KEL1 negative transfusion policy for females age ≤45. CONCLUSION: Transfusion was responsible for alloimmunization in 25% of females with anti-K over 10 years. Analysis of supply and demand can be used to inform feasibility of a KEL1 negative transfusion policy.
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Antígenos de Grupos Sanguíneos , Eritroblastose Fetal , Humanos , Gravidez , Feminino , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo de Kell/genética , Estudos de Viabilidade , Estudos de Coortes , Isoanticorpos , Eritroblastose Fetal/prevenção & controle , EritrócitosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Managing Canada's immunoglobulin (Ig) product resource allocation is challenging due to increasing demand, high expenditure, and global shortages. Detection of groups with high utilization rates can help with resource planning for Ig products. This study aims to uncover utilization subgroups among the Ig recipients using electronic health records (EHRs). METHODS: The study included all Ig recipients (intravenous or subcutaneous) in Calgary from 2014 to 2020, and their EHR data, including blood inventory, recipient demographics, and laboratory test results, were analyzed. Patient clusters were derived based on patient characteristics and laboratory test data using K-means clustering. Clusters were interpreted using descriptive analyses and visualization techniques. RESULTS: Among 4112 recipients, six clusters were identified. Clusters 1 and 2 comprised 408 (9.9%) and 1272 (30.9%) patients, respectively, contributing to 62.2% and 27.1% of total Ig utilization. Cluster 3 included 1253 (30.5%) patients, with 86.4% of infusions administered in an inpatient setting. Cluster 4, comprising 1034 (25.1%) patients, had a median age of 4 years, while clusters 2-6 were adults with median ages of 46-60. Cluster 5 had 62 (1.5%) patients, with 77.3% infusions occurring in emergency departments. Cluster 6 contained 83 (2.0%) patients receiving subcutaneous Ig treatments. CONCLUSION: The results identified data-driven segmentations of patients with high Ig utilization rates and patients with high risk for short-term inpatient use. Our report is the first on EHR data-driven clustering of Ig utilization patterns. The findings hold the potential to inform demand forecasting and resource allocation decisions during shortages of Ig products.
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Registros Eletrônicos de Saúde , Aprendizado de Máquina não Supervisionado , Adulto , Humanos , Pré-Escolar , Imunoglobulinas , Pacientes InternadosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: In August 2017, Canadian Blood Services extended the shelf-life of platelet concentrates from 5 to 7 days. The clinical impacts of this policy change remain unclear. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a before-after retrospective design of platelet-transfused adult inpatients in Hamilton, ON, Canada. Data were captured for 18 months before (Period 1: February 2016-July 2017) and 18 months after (Period 2: September 2017-February 2019) 7-day platelet implementation. Primary outcome was absolute platelet count increment (ACI) in univariate and multivariate analyses adjusted for confounders. Data were obtained from our institution's transfusion database, Ontario's Transfusion Transmitted Injuries Surveillance System, and the blood supplier. RESULTS: Overall, 1360 patients with single dose platelet transfusions were included in Period 1 and 1211 patients in Period 2. Median age at admission was 66 years, and approximately 40% of patients underwent cardiac surgery. Using a non-inferiority margin of -10 × 109 /L, platelets transfused during the 7-day storage period were non-inferior to those transfused in the 5-day storage period [mean count difference - 4.63 × 109 /L (95% CI -7.40 to -1.87, p = 0.0001)]. However, platelet ACIs following transfusion consistently trended lower in the 7-day group for all patients and subgroups. No differences in secondary clinical outcomes were observed. Platelet expiry reduced from 8.1 to 6.3% (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSION: Platelet transfusions following 7-day storage policy were non-inferior to transfusions in the 5-day policy period, although reduced ACIs were observed. There were no increases in adverse clinical outcomes.
Assuntos
Plaquetas , Transfusão de Plaquetas , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Canadá , Contagem de PlaquetasRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Abundant clinical evidence supports the safety of red blood cell (RBC) concentrates for transfusion irrespective of storage age, but still, less is known about how recipient characteristics may affect post-transfusion RBC recovery and function. Septic patients are frequently transfused. We hypothesized that the recipient environment in patients with septicaemia would blunt the increase in post-transfusion blood haemoglobin (Hb). The main objective was to compare the post-transfusion Hb increment in hospitalized patients with or without a positive blood culture. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective cohort study using data from the Transfusion Research, Utilization, Surveillance, and Tracking database (TRUST) was performed. All adult non-trauma in-patients transfused between 2010 and 2017 with ≥1 RBC unit, and for whom both pre- and post-transfusion complete blood count and pre-transfusion blood culture data were available were included. A general linear model with binary blood culture positivity was fit for continuous Hb increment after transfusion and was adjusted for patient demographic parameters and transfusion-related covariates. RESULTS: Among 210,263 admitted patients, 6252 were transfused: 596 had positive cultures, and 5656 had negative blood cultures. A modelled Hb deficit of 1.50 g/L in blood culture-positive patients was found. All covariates had a significant effect on Hb increment, except for the age of the transfused RBC. CONCLUSION: Recipient blood culture positivity was associated with a statistically significant but modestly lower post-transfusion Hb increment in hospitalized patients. In isolation, the effect is unlikely to be clinically significant, but it could become so in combination with other recipient characteristics.
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Hemocultura , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Adulto , Humanos , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/efeitos adversos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Hemoglobinas/análise , Eritrócitos/químicaRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Debate exists surrounding the optimal duration of red blood cell (RBC) storage. A hypothesis emerging from previous research suggests that exposure to fresh blood may be harmful to patients undergoing cardiac surgery. This study uses a large transfusion medicine database to explore the association between in-hospital mortality and red cell storage duration. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This is an exploratory retrospective cohort study of all adult patients at Hamilton, Canada, over a 14-year period that received at least one allogeneic red cell transfusion during their hospitalization for cardiac surgery requiring bypass. The primary outcome for the study was in-hospital death. Analysis was performed using multivariate Cox regression modelling with time-dependent and time-independent covariates and stratification variables. Five models with varying definitions for short, intermediate and prolonged duration of RBC storage were tested. RESULTS: From March 2004 to December 2017, 11,205 patients met the inclusion criteria and were included in the regression analyses. No significant effect of short-duration red storage on patient mortality was observed in all statistical models, with the red cells stored for the longest duration as the reference group. When patients who received exclusively fresh (hazard ratio [HR] 1.040, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.588-1.841, p-value = 0.893) and older aged (HR 1.038, 95% CI 0.769-1.1.402, p-value = 0.0801) RBCs were compared with those who received exclusively mid-age red cells as the reference, statistical significance was similarly not reached. CONCLUSION: Red cells stored for the shortest duration are not associated with increased risk of mortality among cardiac surgery patients.
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Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Eritrócitos , Adulto , Humanos , Estudos Retrospectivos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/efeitos adversos , Preservação de Sangue/efeitos adversosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Children with a history of allergic transfusion reactions (ATRs) receive antihistamine premedication with or without hydrocortisone to prevent subsequent reactions. We aim to examine the frequency of developing ATRs to subsequent different blood product type transfusions. METHODS: A retrospective chart review of children who received blood product transfusions (packed red blood cells, platelets, frozen plasma, intravenous immunoglobin, albumin, and cryoprecipitate) and developed ATRs. Cases were identified through Transfusion Transmitted Injuries Surveillance System- Ontario database with a complementary chart review. Demographics and subsequent transfusions records were described. RESULTS: During this period, 35,925 blood products were transfused to 4153 patients. Thirty-eight ATRs were reported in 30 patients. All ATRs were minor except 1 anaphylaxis to albumin transfusion. Seven patients (23%) developed multiple ATRs, and all of them were of the same blood product type. A total of 60 subsequent different blood product types were transfused to the 7 patients who had multiple ATRs; none of those transfusions caused ATR. CONCLUSION: In children with a history of ATR, developing a reaction to a different blood product type is rare. Hence, premedicating those transfusions is not warranted.
Assuntos
Anafilaxia , Reação Transfusional , Humanos , Criança , Estudos Retrospectivos , Reação Transfusional/epidemiologia , Reação Transfusional/etiologia , Reação Transfusional/prevenção & controle , Transfusão de Sangue , Anafilaxia/epidemiologia , Anafilaxia/etiologia , Anafilaxia/prevenção & controle , Pré-Medicação/efeitos adversos , Transfusão de PlaquetasRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Determining the required daily number of platelet units in hospitals is a challenging task due to the high uncertainty in daily usage and short shelf life of platelets. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: We developed a linear prediction model to guide the daily ordering quantity of platelet units at a hospital that orders the required units from a central supplier. The predictive model relies on historical demand data and other information from the hospital's information system. The ordering strategy is to place an order at the end of each day to bring the platelet inventory to the predicted demand for the next day. Unlike typical prediction models, the quality of the predictions is measured with respect to the resulting inventory costs of wastage and shortage. We used data from two hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario from 2015 to 2016 to train our model and evaluated its performance based on the resulting wastage and shortage rates in 2017. RESULTS: In 2017, respectively 1915 and 4305 platelet units were transfused at the two hospitals, with daily average (SD) usage of 5.2 (3.7) and 11.8 (4.4). The expiry (estimated shortage) rates were 8.67% (13.86%), and 2.28% (8.48%) at the two hospitals, respectively. Our baseline model would have reduced the expiry (shortage) rates to 2.54% (4.01%) and 0.05% (0.44%) for the two hospitals, respectively. DISCUSSION: Guiding daily ordering decisions for platelets using our proposed model could lead to a significant reduction of wastage and shortage rates at hospitals.
Assuntos
Plaquetas , Hospitais , Humanos , Ontário , Registros , IncertezaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The demand and supply of blood are highly variable over time. Blood inventory management that relies heavily on experience-based decisions may not be adaptive to real demand, leading to high operational costs, wastage, and shortages. METHODS: We combined statistical modeling, machine learning, and optimization methods to develop a data-driven demand forecasting and inventory management strategy for red blood cells (RBCs). We then used the strategy to inform daily blood orders. A secondary semi-weekly (twice per week) ordering strategy was developed to handle the last-mile split delivery problem for blood suppliers, characterized by multi-deliveries to the same location multiple times during a short period of time. Both strategies were evaluated using the TRUST database including all patient data across four hospitals in Hamilton, Ontario. RESULTS: We identified 227,944 RBC transfusions for 40,787 patients in Hamilton, Ontario from 2012 to 2018. The predicted daily demand from the hybrid demand forecasting model was not significantly different from the actual daily demand (paired t-test p-value = 0.163); however, the proposed daily ordering quantity from the model was significantly lower than the actual ordering quantity (p-value <0.001). The proposed daily ordering strategy reduced inventory levels by 38.4% without risk of shortages, leading to an overall cost reduction of 43.0% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 42.3%, 43.7%) compared with the actual cost. The semi-weekly ordering strategy reduced ordering frequency by 62.6% (95% CI: 61.5%, 63.7%). CONCLUSION: The proposed data-driven ordering strategy combining demand forecasting and inventory optimization can achieve significant cost savings for healthcare systems and blood suppliers.
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Transfusão de Sangue , Eritrócitos , Previsões , Humanos , Aprendizado de Máquina , Modelos EstatísticosRESUMO
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Plasma is often transfused to patients with bleeding or requiring invasive procedures and with abnormal tests of coagulation. Chart audits find half of plasma transfusions unnecessary, resulting in avoidable complications and costs. This multicentre electronic audit was conducted to determine the proportion of plasma transfused without an indication and/or at a sub-therapeutic dose. METHODS: Data were extracted on adult inpatients in 2017 at five academic sites from the hospital electronic chart, laboratory information systems and the Canadian Institute for Health Information Discharge Abstract Database. Electronic criteria for plasma transfusion outside recommended indications were: (1) international normalized ratio (INR) < 1.5 with no to moderate bleeding; (2) INR ≥ 1.5, with no to mild bleeding and no planned procedures; and (3) no INR before or after plasma infusion. Sub-therapeutic dose was defined as ≤2 units transfused. RESULTS: In 1 year, 2590 patients received 6088 plasma transfusions encompassing 11,490 units of plasma occurred at the five sites. 77.7% of events were either outside indications or under-dosed. Of these, 34.8% of plasma orders had no indication identified, and 62% of these occurred in non-bleeding patients and no planned procedure with an isolated elevated INR. 70.7% of transfusions were under-dosed. Most plasma transfusions occurred in the intensive care unit or the operating room. Inter-hospital variability in peri-transfusion testing and dosing was observed. CONCLUSION: The majority of plasma transfusions are sub-optimal. Local hospital culture may be an important driver. Electronic audits, with definitions employed in this study, may be a practical alternative to costly chart audits.
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Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos , Plasma , Adulto , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/métodos , Canadá , Eletrônica , Hemorragia , Humanos , Coeficiente Internacional NormatizadoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The relationship between ABO non-identical transfusion and the outcomes of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and all-cause mortality in very-low birth weight (VLBW) neonates receiving red blood cell transfusion is unknown. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A retrospective multicenter cohort study was conducted in VLBW neonates in neonatal intensive care units between 2004 and 2016. VLBW (≤1500 grams) neonates were followed until discharge or in-hospital death. The primary exposure was ABO group. Secondary exposures included platelet count, plasma transfusions, and maternal ABO group. Outcome measures were NEC (defined as Bell stage ≥ 2) and all-cause mortality. Time-dependent Cox regression models with competing risks were used to investigate factors associated with NEC and mortality. RESULTS: Thousand and sixteen neonates were included with 10.8% developing NEC (n = 110) and 14.1% mortality (n = 143). Platelet count (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.995; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.922-0.998) and number of plasma transfusions (HR = 2.908; 95% CI:1.265-6.682) were associated with NEC, while ABO group (non-O vs. O) was not (HR = 0.761; 95% CI: 0.393-1.471). Higher all-cause mortality occurred in neonates without NEC who were non-O compared with O (HR = 17.5; 95% CI: 1.784-171.692), but not in neonates with NEC (HR = 1.112; 95% CI: 0.142-8.841). Plasma transfusion was associated with increased mortality in both groups. DISCUSSION: ABO non-identical transfusion was not associated with NEC or mortality in neonates with NEC. It was associated with increased mortality in neonates without NEC. As many neonatal intensive care units transfuse only O group blood as routine practice, future trials are needed to investigate the association between this practice and neonatal mortality.
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Enterocolite Necrosante , Doenças do Recém-Nascido , Transfusão de Componentes Sanguíneos/efeitos adversos , Estudos de Coortes , Enterocolite Necrosante/etiologia , Idade Gestacional , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Recém-Nascido de muito Baixo Peso , Plasma , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Anemia is common in critically ill patients and associated with adverse outcomes. Phlebotomy associated with laboratory testing is a potentially modifiable contributor. This study aims to 1) characterize the blood volume taken for laboratory testing, and 2) explore the effect of blood loss on red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and anemia in adult intensive care unit (ICU) patients. METHODS: Using a transfusion research database, we retrospectively reviewed consecutively admitted patients to four medical-surgical ICUs in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. The primary outcome was estimated blood loss for laboratory testing during ICU admission. Secondary outcomes were hemoglobin (Hb) of 90 g/L or less and RBC transfusion. RESULTS: Among the 7273 patients included, the median blood volume per patient taken for laboratory testing during their ICU stay was 213 mL (interquartile range [IQR], 133-382 mL). On ICU admission, median Hb was 97 g/L (IQR, 82-116 g/L). An Hb of 90 g/L or less occurred in 67.0% of patients during their ICU stay. Median Hb on ICU discharge adjusted for RBC transfusion was 84 g/L (IQR, 58-105 g/L). RBC transfusion was administered to 47.5% of patients, who received a median of 3 units (IQR, 2-7 units). Cumulative blood loss due to laboratory testing from Day 2 to Day 7 of ICU admission was independently associated with RBC transfusion (hazard ratio, 2.28 for each 150-mL increment; 95% confidence interval, 2.02-2.59). CONCLUSIONS: Blood loss for laboratory testing is substantial in ICU patients and significantly associated with RBC transfusion. Strategies to reduce blood loss from laboratory testing represents an area for further investigation.
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Anemia/terapia , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/métodos , Hemorragia/terapia , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Canadá , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Platelet transfusions are an essential aspect of supportive care for pediatric oncology patients. Data regarding the frequency of transfusions, pretransfusion thresholds, posttransfusion increments, and rate of platelet transfusion refractoriness (PTR) are lacking. STUDY OBJECTIVES: (a) describe platelet transfusion practice for children with malignancy; (b) determine the normal platelet increment following platelet transfusion; and (c) assess rate of PTR. METHODS: Inpatient pediatric oncology patients <18 years old and treated between 2009 and 2013 were identified. Data collected retrospectively included patient demographics, clinical information, laboratory values, and transfusion details. RESULTS: Three hundred sixty-seven children were included and 144 (39%) received at least one platelet transfusion. Platelets were transfused during 25% of all inpatient admissions. The median number of platelet transfusion for any given inpatient admission was two (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-3). The median pretransfusion platelet count was 16 × 109 /L and posttransfusion increment was 25 × 109 /L. Most (79%) of the time, the pretransfusion platelet count was >10 × 109 /L. Older children who received ABO incompatible platelet transfusions with a longer storage duration were more likely to have a poor platelet response (increment ≤ 10 × 109 /L). The rate of PTR (immune and/or nonimmune) was low (8%; 11/144). CONCLUSIONS: Practical information to parents and clinicians of newly diagnosed children regarding the likelihood and frequency of platelet transfusions was determined. The rate of PTR was low, supporting the hypothesis that children receiving leukoreduced products are at a low risk of PTR.
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Neoplasias/terapia , Transfusão de Plaquetas/métodos , Reação Transfusional/diagnóstico , Adolescente , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Neoplasias/patologia , Prognóstico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Alloimmunisation and haemolytic transfusion reactions (HTRs) can occur in patients with sickle cell disease (SCD) despite providing phenotype-matched red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Variant RBC antigen gene alleles/polymorphisms can lead to discrepancies in serological phenotyping. We evaluated differences between RBC antigen genotyping and phenotyping methods and retrospectively assessed if partial antigen expression may lead to increased risk of alloimmunisation and HTRs in SCD patients at a tertiary centre in Canada. METHODS: RBC antigen phenotyping and genotyping were performed by a reference laboratory on consenting SCD patients. Patient demographic, clinical and transfusion-related data were obtained from a local transfusion registry and chart review after research ethics board approval. RESULTS: A total of 106 SCD patients were enrolled, and 91% (n = 96) showed additional clinically relevant genotyping information when compared to serological phenotyping alone. FY*02N.01 (FY*B GATA-1) (n = 95; 90%) and RH variant alleles (n = 52, 49%; majority accompanied by FY*02N.01) were common, the latter with putative partial antigen expression in 25 patients. Variability in genotype-phenotype antigen prediction occurred mostly in the Rh system, notably with the e antigen (kappa: 0.17). Fifteen (14.2%) patients had a history of alloimmunisation, with five having HTR documented; no differences in clinical outcomes were found in patients with partial antigen expression. Genotype/extended-phenotype matching strategies may have prevented alloimmunisation events. CONCLUSION: We show a high frequency of variant alleles/polymorphisms in the SCD population, where genotyping may complement serological phenotyping. Genotyping SCD patients before transfusion may prevent alloimmunisation and HTRs, and knowledge of the FY*02N.01 variant allele increases feasibility of finding compatible blood.
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Anemia Falciforme , Tipagem e Reações Cruzadas Sanguíneas , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Técnicas de Genotipagem , Receptores de Superfície Celular , Reação Transfusional , Adolescente , Adulto , Alelos , Anemia Falciforme/imunologia , Anemia Falciforme/terapia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy/genética , Sistema do Grupo Sanguíneo Duffy/imunologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Receptores de Superfície Celular/genética , Receptores de Superfície Celular/imunologia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Reação Transfusional/genética , Reação Transfusional/imunologia , Reação Transfusional/prevenção & controleRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Randomized, controlled trials have suggested that the transfusion of blood after prolonged storage does not increase the risk of adverse outcomes among patients, although most of these trials were restricted to high-risk populations and were not powered to detect small but clinically important differences in mortality. We sought to find out whether the duration of blood storage would have an effect on mortality after transfusion in a general population of hospitalized patients. METHODS: In this pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial conducted at six hospitals in four countries, we randomly assigned patients who required a red-cell transfusion to receive blood that had been stored for the shortest duration (short-term storage group) or the longest duration (long-term storage group) in a 1:2 ratio. Only patients with type A or O blood were included in the primary analysis, since pilot data suggested that our goal of achieving a difference in the mean duration of blood storage of at least 10 days would not be possible with other blood types. Written informed consent was waived because all the patients received treatment consistent with the current standard of care. The primary outcome was in-hospital mortality, which was estimated by means of a logistic-regression model after adjustment for study center and patient blood type. RESULTS: From April 2012 through October 2015, a total of 31,497 patients underwent randomization. Of these patients, 6761 who did not meet all the enrollment criteria were excluded after randomization. The primary analysis included 20,858 patients with type A or O blood. Of these patients, 6936 were assigned to the short-term storage group and 13,922 to the long-term storage group. The mean storage duration was 13.0 days in the short-term storage group and 23.6 days in the long-term storage group. There were 634 deaths (9.1%) in the short-term storage group and 1213 (8.7%) in the long-term storage group (odds ratio, 1.05; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.95 to 1.16; P=0.34). When the analysis was expanded to include the 24,736 patients with any blood type, the results were similar, with rates of death of 9.1% and 8.8%, respectively (odds ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.95 to 1.14; P=0.38). Additional results were consistent in three prespecified high-risk subgroups (patients undergoing cardiovascular surgery, those admitted to intensive care, and those with cancer). CONCLUSIONS: Among patients in a general hospital population, there was no significant difference in the rate of death among those who underwent transfusion with the freshest available blood and those who underwent transfusion according to the standard practice of transfusing the oldest available blood. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and others; INFORM Current Controlled Trials number, ISRCTN08118744 .).
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Preservação de Sangue , Transfusão de Sangue/mortalidade , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Adulto , Idoso , Transfusão de Sangue/métodos , Feminino , Hospitalização , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Platelet (PLT) transfusions are frequently administered in the setting of critical illness but their clinical impacts remain unknown. This study examined the association between PLT transfusions and death in a large intensive care unit (ICU) patient population. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: Using a transfusion registry spanning 2008 to 2015, this study assessed effect of in-ICU PLT transfusions on ICU and in-hospital mortality using a stratified, time-dependent Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for illness severity, thrombocytopenia, and other confounders. Patients with known malignancy were excluded. Exposure to PLT transfusions were analyzed dichotomously (ever or never transfused) and continuously (number of transfusions). Medical, general surgery, and cardiac surgery subgroups were analyzed separately. RESULTS: Overall 32,842 adult patients were admitted to ICU, and 4927 patients received PLT transfusion(s). Crude in-ICU and in-hospital mortality were higher for PLT-transfused patients compared to nontransfused patients (9.2% vs. 6.7% and 12.3% vs. 9.3%, respectively). After confounders were adjusted for, PLT transfusions (ever vs. never) were not associated with increased mortality in ICU (hazard ratio [HR], 0.78; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.60-1.02; p = 0.06) or in hospital (HR, 0.89; 95% CI, 0.68-1.09; p = 0.41). Continuous exposure analysis also showed no association between PLT transfusions and death. PLT transfusions have a protective effect on in-hospital mortality in the subgroup of general surgery patients (HR, 0.71; 95% CI, 0.51-0.99; p = 0.04; ever or never analysis). CONCLUSION: Platelet transfusions were not associated with increased risk of death in critically ill patients. Further studies are required to identify subgroups for which PLT transfusions may be beneficial.
Assuntos
Estado Terminal/mortalidade , Estado Terminal/terapia , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Transfusão de Plaquetas/mortalidade , Transfusão de Plaquetas/estatística & dados numéricos , Idoso , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/mortalidade , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos/estatística & dados numéricos , Cuidados Críticos , Estado Terminal/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Unidades de Terapia Intensiva , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Ontário/epidemiologia , Sistema de Registros , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores de Risco , Trombocitopenia/epidemiologia , Trombocitopenia/etiologia , Trombocitopenia/terapiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: There is recent support for long-term adverse effects of donor-recipient sex-mismatched red blood cell (RBC) transfusion, but short-term impact is unknown. A retrospective exploratory analysis was performed using data from a research database. METHODS: Adults admitted to hospitals in one Canadian center who received RBCs (2008-2014 [3 sites]; 2012-2014 [1 site]) were eligible. Patient data were extracted from a research database and donor data from the blood supplier. Cox regression models were used, with control of risk and confounding variables as covariates or using stratification. Exposure was defined by mutually exclusive categories. The outcome was in-hospital mortality. RESULTS: A total of 25,219 adults received 97,886 RBCs. Diagnoses included cardiovascular (28.8%), neoplastic (15.6%), traumatic (15.4%), or gastrointestinal (10.5%); 56.3% of transfused RBCs were male donors, and median donor age was 45 years (interquartile range, 30-54). Female patients exposed to male RBCs experienced a higher risk of in-hospital death (hazard ratio [HR], 1.31; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.02-1.69; p = 0.038) compared to exclusive female RBC exposure. Exposure to RBCs from donors aged 45 years or younger was associated with a higher in-hospital death (HR, 1.21; 95% CI, 1.02-1.44; p = 0.026) compared to exclusive RBC exposure to donors older than 45 years. Donor-recipient sex-mismatched RBC exposure (vs. exclusively sex-matched) and RBC exposure from donors aged 45 years or younger (vs. exclusively RBCs from donors >45) were associated with increased mortality: sex-mismatched (HR, 1.23; (95% CI, 1.04-1.45; p = 0.017); donors aged 45 years or younger (HR, 1.21; (95% CI, 1.02-1.43; p = 0.031). CONCLUSION: Donor-recipient sex-matched RBC transfusions and transfusions from older donors may benefit patients.
Assuntos
Doadores de Sangue , Transfusão de Eritrócitos/efeitos adversos , Mortalidade Hospitalar , Reação Transfusional/mortalidade , Adolescente , Adulto , Fatores Etários , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Estudos Retrospectivos , Fatores SexuaisRESUMO
INTRODUCTION: In vitro qualitative differences exist in red cell concentrates (RCCs) units processed from whole blood (WB) depending on the method of processing. Minimal literature exists on differences in processing and variability in quality data. Therefore, we collected information from blood manufacturers worldwide regarding (1) details of WB collection and processing used to produce RCCs and (2) quality parameters and testing as part of routine quality programmes. METHODS: A secure web-based survey was developed, refined after pilot data collection and distributed to blood centres. Descriptive analyses were performed. RESULTS: Data from ten blood centres in nine countries were collected. Six blood centres (60%) processed RCCs using the top-and-top (TAT) method which produces RCCs and plasma, and eight centres (80%) used the bottom-and-top (BAT) which additionally produces buffy coat platelets. Five of the centres used both processing methods; however, four favoured BAT processing. One centre utilized the Reveos automated system exclusively. All centres performed pre-storage leucoreduction. Other parameters demonstrated variability, including active cooling at collection, length of hold before processing, donor haemoglobin limits, acceptable collection weights, collection sets, time to leucoreduction, centrifugation speeds, extraction devices and maximum RCC shelf life. Quality marker testing also differed amongst blood centres. Trends towards higher RCC unit volume, haemolysis and residual leucoctyes were seen in the TAT compared with BAT processing across centres. CONCLUSION: Methods and parameters of WB processing and quality testing of RCCs differ amongst surveyed blood manufacturers. Further studies are needed to assess variations and to potentially improve methods and product quality.
Assuntos
Bancos de Sangue/normas , Preservação de Sangue/normas , Eritrócitos/citologia , Preservação de Sangue/métodos , Humanos , Inquéritos e Questionários , Armazenamento de Sangue/métodosRESUMO
The impact of transfusing fresher vs older red blood cells (RBCs) on patient-important outcomes remains controversial. Two recently published large trials have provided new evidence. We summarized results of randomized trials evaluating the impact of the age of transfused RBCs. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, the Cochrane Database for Systematic Reviews, and Cochrane CENTRAL for randomized controlled trials enrolling patients who were transfused fresher vs older RBCs and reported outcomes of death, adverse events, and infection. Independently and in duplicate, reviewers determined eligibility, risk of bias, and abstracted data. We conducted random effects meta-analyses and rated certainty (quality or confidence) of evidence using the GRADE approach. Of 12 trials that enrolled 5229 participants, 6 compared fresher RBCs with older RBCs and 6 compared fresher RBCs with current standard practice. There was little or no impact of fresher vs older RBCs on mortality (relative risk [RR], 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.94-1.14; P = .45; I(2) = 0%, moderate certainty evidence) or on adverse events (RR, 1.02; 95% CI, 0.91-1.14; P = .74; I(2) = 0%, low certainty evidence). Fresher RBCs appeared to increase the risk of nosocomial infection (RR, 1.09; 95% CI, 1.00-1.18; P = .04; I(2) = 0%, risk difference 4.3%, low certainty evidence). Current evidence provides moderate certainty that use of fresher RBCs does not influence mortality, and low certainty that it does not influence adverse events but could possibly increase infection rates. The existing evidence provides no support for changing practices toward fresher RBC transfusion.