Assuntos
Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Enterobacteriaceae/efeitos dos fármacos , Tienamicinas/farmacologia , Resistência beta-Lactâmica/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Carga Bacteriana , Relação Dose-Resposta a Droga , Enterobacteriaceae/enzimologia , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Enterobacteriaceae/isolamento & purificação , Infecções por Enterobacteriaceae/microbiologia , Expressão Gênica , Humanos , Meropeném , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , beta-Lactamases/metabolismoRESUMO
Horizontal gene transfer has contributed to the global spread of the blaNDM-1 gene. Multiple studies have demonstrated plasmid transfer of blaNDM-1 between Gram-negative bacteria, primarily Enterobacteriaceae species, but conjugational transfer of natural blaNDM-1 plasmids from Enterobacteriaceae into Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii has not previously been shown. As P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii are both typically strong biofilm formers, transfer of natural blaNDM-1 plasmids could potentially occur more readily in this environment. To determine whether natural blaNDM-1 plasmids could transfer to P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii in biofilms, three clinical and environmental Enterobacteriaceae strains carrying NDM-1-encoding plasmids of different incompatibility types were mated with E. coli J53, producing E. coli J53- blaNDM-1 transconjugants. Subsequently, dual-species biofilms were created using the E. coli J53 transconjugants as plasmid donors and either P. aeruginosa or A. baumannii as recipients. Biofilm transfer of NDM-encoding plasmids to P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii was successful from one and two E. coli J53- blaNDM-1 transconjugants, respectively. This demonstrates the potential for the spread of blaNDM-1, genes to P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii in clinical and environmental settings.
Assuntos
Acinetobacter baumannii/genética , Biofilmes , Conjugação Genética , Transferência Genética Horizontal , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/genética , beta-Lactamases/genética , Acinetobacter baumannii/efeitos dos fármacos , Acinetobacter baumannii/fisiologia , Antibacterianos/farmacologia , Eletroforese em Gel de Campo Pulsado , Escherichia coli/genética , Humanos , Testes de Sensibilidade Microbiana , Plasmídeos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/efeitos dos fármacos , Pseudomonas aeruginosa/fisiologiaRESUMO
AIM: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), of which hypertension is a major risk factor, are predicted to account for four times as many deaths as from communicable diseases by the year 2020. Hypertension, once rare, is rapidly becoming a major public health burden in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). However, data on its prevalence, awareness, treatment and control are paltry, especially for rural communities. This study was done to determine the burden and correlates of adult hypertension in the rural Barekese sub-district of Ghana. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted on 425 adults aged ≥ 35 in the Barekese sub district (estimated population 18,510). Socio-demographic characteristics, modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements were collected using standardized protocols. RESULTS: Overall, the proportion of hypertension and isolated systolic hypertension is 44.7% and 32.7% respectively in the study population. However, 64.9% of these were on treatment, with only 8.9% having controlled blood pressure (<140/90 mmHg). The mean systolic and diastolic BP were 134.38 mmHg (standard deviation, SD: 21.46) and 84.32 mmHg (SD: 12.44). Obesity (Body Mass Index, BMI>30 kg/m²) was found in 37 (10.4% of the population), out of whom 7 (15.9%) were extremely obese (BMI> 40 kg/m²). Increasing age and level of education were positively correlated with increasing blood pressure. CONCLUSION: The high burden of hypertension in this population along with the considerable less detection, treatment and control is of great concern. There is the need to promote health education measures that will foster prevention and early detection of hypertension.