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1.
Front Immunol ; 14: 1149747, 2023.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37215143

RESUMO

Introduction: Tumor infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) are known to be a prognostic and predictive biomarker in breast cancer, particularly in triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients. International guidelines have been proposed to evaluate them in the clinical setting as a continuous variable, without a clear defined cut-off. However, there are scenarios where the immune infiltration is heterogeneous that some areas of the patient's tumour have high numbers of TILs while other areas completely lack them. This spontaneous presentation of a heterogeneous immune infiltration could be a great opportunity to study why some tumours present TILs at diagnosis but others do not, while eliminating inter patient's differences. Methods: In this study, we have identified five TNBC patients that showed great TIL heterogeneity, with areas of low (≤5%) and high (≥50%) numbers of TILs in their surgical specimens. To evaluate immune infiltration heterogeneity, we performed and analyzed bulk RNA-sequencing in three independent triplicates from the high and low TIL areas of each patient. Results: Gene expression was homogeneous within the triplicates in each area but was remarkable different between TILs regions. These differences were not only due to the presence of TILs as there were other non-inflammatory genes and pathways differentially expressed between the two areas. Discussion: This highlights the importance of intratumour heterogeneity driving the immune infiltration, and not patient's characteristics like the HLA phenotype, germline DNA or immune repertoire.


Assuntos
Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas , Humanos , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/metabolismo , Biomarcadores Tumorais/genética , Biomarcadores Tumorais/metabolismo , Prognóstico , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral
2.
Front Immunol ; 12: 761798, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34868006

RESUMO

EBV-specific T cells have been recently described to be involved in fatal encephalitis and myocarditis in cancer patients after immune checkpoint therapies. Here, we report the study of a human triple-negative breast cancer tumor (TNBC) and EBV-transformed B cells obtained from a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) that progressed into a lymphocytic neoplasm named xenograft-associated B-cell lymphoma (XABCL). T-cell receptor (TCR) high-throughput sequencing was performed to monitor the T-cell clonotypes present in the different samples. Forty-three T-cell clonotypes were found infiltrating the XABCL tissue after three passes in mice along 6 months. Eighteen of these (42%) were also found in the TNBC biopsy. TCR infiltrating the XABCL tissue showed a very restricted T-cell repertoire as compared with the biopsy-infiltrating T cells. Consequently, T cells derived from the TNBC biopsy were expanded in the presence of the B-cell line obtained from the XABCL (XABCL-LCL), after which the TCR repertoire obtained was again very restricted, i.e., only certain clonotypes were selected by the B cells. A number of these TCRs had previously been reported as sequences involved in infection, cancer, and/or autoimmunity. We then analyzed the immunopeptidome from the XABCL-LCL, to identify putative B-cell-associated peptides that might have been expanding these T cells. The HLA class I and class II-associated peptides from XABCL-LCL were then compared with published repertoires from LCL of different HLA typing. Proteins from the antigen processing and presentation pathway remained significantly enriched in the XABCL-LCL repertoire. Interestingly, some class II-presented peptides were derived from cancer-related proteins. These results suggest that bystander tumor-infiltrating EBV+ B cells acting as APC may be able to interact with tumor-infiltrating T cells and influence the TCR repertoire in the tumor site.


Assuntos
Linfócitos B/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/fisiologia , Neoplasias de Mama Triplo Negativas/imunologia , Adulto , Animais , Linfócitos B/virologia , Feminino , Antígenos HLA/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 4/imunologia , Humanos , Linfócitos do Interstício Tumoral/imunologia , Linfoma de Células B/imunologia , Camundongos , Receptores de Antígenos de Linfócitos T/imunologia
4.
Clin Cancer Res ; 25(8): 2588-2600, 2019 04 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30593516

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Trastuzumab-based chemotherapy has shown remarkable clinical benefits for patients with HER2-positive breast cancer. However, treatment regimens involving trastuzumab had little or no effect for a subset of patients. Preliminary studies revealed WW-binding protein 2 (WBP2), an oncogenic transcription coactivator, to be coamplified with HER2 in 36% of HER2-positive breast cancers. We hypothesize that WBP2 regulates and correlates with the response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: The coexpression of WBP2 and HER2 in breast tumors was validated using IHC. The role and mechanism of WBP2 in regulating breast cancer response to trastuzumab was elucidated using in vitro, patient-derived xenograft and murine xenograft models. A multicenter retrospective study involving 143 patients given neoadjuvant trastuzumab-based chemotherapy was conducted to determine whether WBP2 expression correlates with pathologic complete response (pCR). RESULTS: Elevated expression of WBP2 significantly enhanced breast cancer's response to trastuzumab by augmenting trastuzumab-induced HER2 downregulation and cell-cycle arrest via inhibition of cyclin D expression. High level of WBP2 correlated with better pCR (67.19%) compared with low WBP2 level (26.58%). The highest response was observed in subgroups of patients with high WBP2-expressing tumors also aged below 50 years (77.78%) or were premenopausal in status (73.33%). Retrospectively, WBP2 demonstrated sensitivity of 80% to 81% and specificity of 76.5% to 80% in discriminating between patients showing pCR and non-pCR. CONCLUSIONS: WBP2 expression correlates with the response of HER2-positive breast cancer to trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy.


Assuntos
Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/uso terapêutico , Neoplasias da Mama/tratamento farmacológico , Neoplasias da Mama/genética , Regulação Neoplásica da Expressão Gênica , Receptor ErbB-2/genética , Transativadores/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Animais , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica/efeitos adversos , Neoplasias da Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias da Mama/patologia , Ciclo Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animais de Doenças , Feminino , Amplificação de Genes , Redes Reguladoras de Genes , Humanos , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Terapia Neoadjuvante , Gradação de Tumores , Estadiamento de Neoplasias , Fosforilação , Receptor ErbB-2/metabolismo , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos , Trastuzumab/administração & dosagem , Resultado do Tratamento , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
5.
Nat Commun ; 10(1): 4731, 2019 10 21.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31636264

RESUMO

Compounds with specific cytotoxic activity in senescent cells, or senolytics, support the causal involvement of senescence in aging and offer therapeutic interventions. Here we report the identification of Cardiac Glycosides (CGs) as a family of compounds with senolytic activity. CGs, by targeting the Na+/K+ATPase pump, cause a disbalanced electrochemical gradient within the cell causing depolarization and acidification. Senescent cells present a slightly depolarized plasma membrane and higher concentrations of H+, making them more susceptible to the action of CGs. These vulnerabilities can be exploited for therapeutic purposes as evidenced by the in vivo eradication of tumors xenografted in mice after treatment with the combination of a senogenic and a senolytic drug. The senolytic effect of CGs is also effective in the elimination of senescence-induced lung fibrosis. This experimental approach allows the identification of compounds with senolytic activity that could potentially be used to develop effective treatments against age-related diseases.


Assuntos
Apoptose/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicosídeos Cardíacos/farmacologia , Senescência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Condrócitos/efeitos dos fármacos , Fibroblastos/efeitos dos fármacos , Células A549 , Animais , Antibióticos Antineoplásicos/farmacologia , Bleomicina/farmacologia , Neoplasias da Mama , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Membrana Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Digoxina/farmacologia , Feminino , Humanos , Concentração de Íons de Hidrogênio/efeitos dos fármacos , Camundongos , Osteoartrite , Ouabaína/farmacologia , Proscilaridina/farmacologia , Fibrose Pulmonar , Ensaios Antitumorais Modelo de Xenoenxerto
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