RESUMO
Upon reaching a height over 2500 m above seal level symptoms of altitude illness can develop over 1 - 5 days. The risk is mainly -determined by the altitude and rate of ascent and the symptoms vary. Most common are symptoms of acute mountain illness (AMS) but more dangerous high altitude cerebral edema (HACE) and high altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE) can also develop. The causes of AMS, HACE and HAPE are lack of oxygen and insufficient acclimatization, but the presenting form is determined by the responses of the body to the lack of oxygen. The most common symptoms of AMS include headache, fatique and nausea, but insomnia and nausea are also common. The most common symptoms of HAPE are breathlessness and lassitude whereas the cardinal sign of HACE is ataxia, but confusion and loss of consciousness can also develop. In this article all three main forms of altitude illness are reviewed. The emphasis is on preventive measures and treatment but new knowledge on pathogenesis is also addressed.
Assuntos
Doença da Altitude/etiologia , Altitude , Edema Encefálico/etiologia , Edema Pulmonar/etiologia , Doença da Altitude/diagnóstico , Doença da Altitude/fisiopatologia , Doença da Altitude/prevenção & controle , Edema Encefálico/diagnóstico , Edema Encefálico/fisiopatologia , Edema Encefálico/prevenção & controle , Humanos , Prognóstico , Edema Pulmonar/diagnóstico , Edema Pulmonar/fisiopatologia , Edema Pulmonar/prevenção & controle , Medição de Risco , Fatores de RiscoRESUMO
UNLABELLED: Meibomian gland dysfunction (MGD) is a common cause of dry eye disease. Demodex mites can cause MGD with symptoms like itching, dryness and general ocular discomfort. It is important to consider infestation with Demodex mites in individuals who are non responsive to traditional MGD treatment but also equally important when cylindrical dandruff is seen at the base of the eye lashes.. We report two individuals who had not responded to ocular and systemic treatment for MGD and were then diagnosed with Demodex mites. Treatment with BlephEx and Tea tree oil was successful. This is the first report on Demodex folliculorum in Iceland where a genetic analysis was done. KEY WORDS: Demodex, blepharitis, debris, tea tree oil, dry eye. Correspondence: Sigurlaug Guðrún Gunnarsdóttir sigurlaug@sjonlag.is.
Assuntos
Blefarite/parasitologia , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/parasitologia , Glândulas Tarsais/parasitologia , Infestações por Ácaros/parasitologia , Ácaros , Animais , Blefarite/diagnóstico , Blefarite/tratamento farmacológico , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/diagnóstico , Infecções Oculares Parasitárias/tratamento farmacológico , Humanos , Glândulas Tarsais/efeitos dos fármacos , Infestações por Ácaros/diagnóstico , Infestações por Ácaros/tratamento farmacológico , Ácaros/efeitos dos fármacos , Óleo de Melaleuca/uso terapêuticoRESUMO
Age-Related Macular Degeneration is the leading cause of legal blindness in elderly people in Iceland as well as in the western world. If not addressed this will have a huge impact on the quality of life in the ever increasing elderly population. The etiology remains unknown inspite of a better understanding of the pathogenesis. Our treatment options have therefore been limited in the past. For the last few years we have seen a certain progress in drug development and introduction of new drugs into the treatment regime which have reduced severe vision loss somewhat and increased quality of life for these patients. It has also given hope for better treatments to come, which ultimately will be able to stop the disease completely or even prevent it.