Tolerance to refractive error with a new extended depth of focus intraocular lens.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the tolerance to refractive errors of a new purely refractive extended depth of focus (EDF) intraocular lens (IOL) using preclinical and clinical metrics. METHODS: Preclinical evaluation included computer simulations of visual acuity (sVA) and dysphotopsia profile of different IOL designs (refractive EDF, diffractive EDF, multifocal, standard, and enhanced monofocals) using an appropriate eye model with and without ±0.50 D defocus and/or +0.75 D of astigmatism. Patients bilaterally implanted with a refractive EDF (Model ZEN00V) or an enhanced monofocal (Model ICB00) IOL from a prospective, randomized study were included. At the 6-month postoperative visit, uncorrected and corrected distance vision (UDVA and CDVA), visual symptoms, satisfaction and dependency on glasses were evaluated in a subgroup of patients with absolute residual refractive error of >0.25 D in one or both eyes. RESULTS: In the presence of defocus and astigmatism, sVA was comparable for all except the multifocal IOL design. The refractive EDF was more tolerant to myopic outcomes and maintained a monofocal-like dysphotopsia profile with defocus. Binocular logMAR UDVA was -0.03 ± 0.08 for ZEN00V and -0.02 ± 0.11 for ICB00. 100% ZEN00V and 97% ICB00 patients did not need glasses and were satisfied with their distance vision. Monocular CDVA, contrast sensitivity and visual symptoms were also similar between both groups. CONCLUSIONS: The clinical outcomes of the refractive EDF IOL demonstrated high quality distance vision and dysphotopsia comparable to a monofocal IOL, even in the presence of refractive error, thus matching the design expectations of the EDF IOL.

cis-Dichlorido(3,6,9-trithiabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadecane-κ2S3,S6)palladium(II) acetonitrile 0.8-solvate.

In the title complex, [PdCl2(C12H22S3)]·0.8CH3CN, a potentially tridentate thioether ligand coordinates in a cis-bidentate manner to yield a square-planar environment for the Pd(II) cation [mean deviation of the Pd from the Cl2S2 plane = 0.0406 (7) Å]. Each square-planar entity packs in an inverse face-to-face manner, giving pairs with plane-to-plane separations of 3.6225 (12) Šoff-set by 1.1263 (19) Å, with a Pd···Pd separation of 3.8551 (8) Å. A partial acetonitrile solvent molecule is present. The occupancy of this molecule was allowed to refine, and converged to 0.794 (10). The synthesis of the previously unreported 3,6,9-trithiabicyclo[9.3.1]pentadecane ligand is also outlined.

Copper-catalyzed Petasis-type reaction: a general route to α-substituted amides from imines, acid chlorides, and organoboron reagents.

A copper-catalyzed Petasis-type reaction of imines, acid chlorides, and organoboranes to form α-substituted amides is described. This reaction does not require the use of activated imines or the transfer of special units from the organoboranes and represent a useful generalization of the Petasis reaction.

Ruthenium-catalyzed dehydrogenation of ammonia boranes.

The dehydrogenation of ammonia borane (AB) and methylammonia borane (MeAB) is shown to be catalyzed by several Ru-amido complexes. Up to 1 equiv of H2 (1.0 system wt %) is released from AB by as little as 0.03 mol % Ru within 5 min, and up to 2 equiv of H2 (3.0 system wt %) are released from MeAB with 0.5 mol % Ru in under 10 min at room temperature, the first equivalent emerging within 10 s. Also, a mixture of AB/MeAB yields up to 3.6 system wt % H2 within 1 h with 0.1 mol % Ru. Computational studies were performed to elucidate the mechanism of dehydrogenation of AB. Finally, it was shown that alkylamine-boranes can serve as a source of H2 in the Ru-catalyzed reduction of ketones and imines.

General approach to the coupling of organoindium reagents with imines via copper catalysis.

[reaction: see text] A copper-catalyzed three-component coupling of organoindium reagents with imines and acid chlorides is described. This mild carbon-carbon bond forming reaction requires only one-third of an equivalent of indium reagent to proceed in high yield, with the sole byproduct being indium trichloride. The reaction demonstrates broad generality, with aryl-, heteroaryl-, vinyl-, and alkylindiums, as well as functionalized imines and acid chlorides, all providing alpha-substituted amides or N-protected amines in a single step.

Copper-catalyzed coupling of imines, acid chlorides, and alkynes: a multicomponent route to propargylamides.

The use of imines in a metal-catalyzed coupling with alkynes and acid chlorides is described. This process proceeds rapidly with CuI as the catalyst and provides an efficient and general three-component coupling method to prepare propargylamides. The coupling can also be diversified to allow the formation of N-carbamate-protected propargylamines with the use of chloroformates.

Palladium-catalyzed carbonylative cross-coupling with imines: a multicomponent synthesis of imidazolones.

The palladium-catalyzed coupling of imines, chloroformates, organotin reagents, and carbon monoxide leads to the one-pot formation of ketocarbamates in good yields. These products can further be converted to highly substituted imidazolones via a cyclocondensation reaction. Overall, this methodology provides an alternative approach to imidazolones from five simple and readily available building blocks via a one-pot, multicomponent process.

Copper-catalyzed coupling of pyridines and quinolines with alkynes: a one-step, asymmetric route to functionalized heterocycles.

A copper (I)-catalyzed, asymmetric method to directly functionalize pyridines, quinolines, and isoquinolines with terminal alkynes is described. The reaction is readily diversified to incorporate a range of pyridine-based heterocycles and electron-rich or electron-poor alkynes. This provides a straightforward alternative to nucleophilic or cross-coupling approaches to directly derivatize these heterocycles, and yields useful propargylcarbamates.

Copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of imines, acid chlorides, and organostannanes: a multicomponent synthesis of alpha-substituted amides.

A copper-catalyzed cross-coupling of organotin reagents with imines and acid chlorides is reported. The reaction proceeds efficiently with a range of vinyl-, alkyl-, aryl- and heteroaryl-substituted organostannanes as well as a diverse set of imines of non-enolizable aldehydes. Use of chloroformates also allows for the formation of N-protected alpha-substituted amines. This chemistry has been applied to the synthesis of isoquinoline alkaloid derivatives through the activation of cyclic imines.