Position paper on screening for breast cancer by the European Society of Breast Imaging (EUSOBI) and 30 national breast radiology bodies from Austria, Belgium, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Bulgaria, Croatia, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Israel, Lithuania, Moldova, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Romania, Serbia, Slovakia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and Turkey.

EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support mammography for population-based screening, demonstrated to reduce breast cancer (BC) mortality and treatment impact. According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, the reduction in mortality is 40 % for women aged 50-69 years taking up the invitation while the probability of false-positive needle biopsy is <1 % per round and overdiagnosis is only 1-10 % for a 20-year screening. Mortality reduction was also observed for the age groups 40-49 years and 70-74 years, although with "limited evidence". Thus, we firstly recommend biennial screening mammography for average-risk women aged 50-69 years; extension up to 73 or 75 years, biennially, is a second priority, from 40-45 to 49 years, annually, a third priority. Screening with thermography or other optical tools as alternatives to mammography is discouraged. Preference should be given to population screening programmes on a territorial basis, with double reading. Adoption of digital mammography (not film-screen or phosphor-plate computer radiography) is a priority, which also improves sensitivity in dense breasts. Radiologists qualified as screening readers should be involved in programmes. Digital breast tomosynthesis is also set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future. Dedicated pathways for high-risk women offering breast MRI according to national or international guidelines and recommendations are encouraged. KEY POINTS: • EUSOBI and 30 national breast radiology bodies support screening mammography. • A first priority is double-reading biennial mammography for women aged 50-69 years. • Extension to 73-75 and from 40-45 to 49 years is also encouraged. • Digital mammography (not film-screen or computer radiography) should be used. • DBT is set to become "routine mammography" in the screening setting in the next future.

Dirofilariasis of the breast: sonographic appearance.

Human dirofilarial infections characteristically manifest as pulmonary "coin" lesions or as subcutaneous nodules. A case of subcutaneous Dirofilaria infection of the breast involving a 25-year-old woman with a painful breast lump is presented. The patient had not traveled anywhere and did not have any animals, but provided a history of being bitten by mosquitoes. The suspicion of a parasitic infection was raised by the presence of rod-like structures within a hypoechoic nodule on sonography; movement within the nodule was detected during the examination. Histopathological examination revealed viable, adult female Dirofilaria repens, a nematode that is commonly found in dogs, cats, and wild mammals throughout parts of Europe, Africa, and Asia. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Clin Ultrasound 42:433-435, 2014.

Multivoxel MRS: right frontal parafalcine cortex - area of neurobiochemical gender differentiation?

OBJECTIVE: To determine the presence of gender neurometabolic differences in healthy men and women by multivoxel magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: We performed multivoxel magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy in 50 healthy volunteers (27 women and 23 men) using 1.5T scanner. Spectra from 12 different voxels were obtained, covering frontal, paracentral, and parietal white and gray matter. Three dominant signals were analyzed: NAA, tCr and Cho, and expressed as ratios of Cho/tCr, NAA/tCr, NAA/Cho. RESULTS: There was statistically significant gender difference between Cho/Cr and NAA/Cr metabolites ratio in only one location - the right frontal parafalcine cortex. There was no statistically significant difference in NAA/Cho ratio between men and women. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests that right frontal parafalcine cortex is a sexually dysmorphic area and supports the value of multivoxel MRS as a method able to define spatial biochemical heterogeneity of the cerebral tissue.

Differentiation of Breast Lesions and Distinguishing Their Histological Subtypes Using Diffusion-Weighted Imaging and ADC Values.

Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) has not been well explored in differentiation of malignant from benign breast lesions. The aims of this study were to examine the role of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) values in differentiation of malignant from benign tumors and distinguishing histological subtypes of malignant lesions, and to determine correlations between ADC values and breast tumors structure. This cohort-study included 174 female patients who underwent contrast-enhanced breast MR examination on a 3T scanner and were divided into two groups: patient group (114 patients with proven tumors) and control group (60 healthy patients). One-hundred-thirty-nine lesions (67 malignant and 72 benign) were detected and pathohistologically analyzed. Differences between variables were tested using chi-square test; correlations were determined using Pearson's correlation test. For determination of cut off values for diagnostic potential, Receiver Operating Characteristic curves were constructed. Statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Mean ADC values were significantly lower in malignant compared to benign lesions (0.68 × 10-3mm2/s vs. 1.12 × 10-3mm2/s, p < 0.001). The cut off value of ADC for benign lesions was 0.792 × 10-3mm2/s (sensitivity 98.6%, specificity 65.7%), and for malignant 0.993 × 10-3mm2/s (98.5, 80.6%). There were no significant correlations between malignant lesion subtypes and ADC values. DWI is a clinically useful tool for differentiation of malignant from benign lesions based on mean ADC values. The cut off value for benign lesions was higher than reported recently, due to high amount of fibrosis in included benign lesions. Finally, ADC values might have implications in determination of the biological nature of the malignant lesions.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans of the breast: mammographic, ultrasound, MRI and MRS features.

Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) of the breast is a rare malignant tumor, and its preoperative diagnosis is extremely difficult. Local recurrence of DFSP is frequent after incomplete resection because of either false diagnosis or inadequate standard surgical excision. We present a case of DFSP that showed disconcordant results using different imaging modalities, suggesting that the MRI finding of subcutaneously located highly vascular tumor with suspicious kinetics but together with negative Cho peak on (1H) MRS, might be suggestive of the diagnosis of DFSP.