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1.
Z Kinder Jugendpsychiatr Psychother ; 49(4): 249-258, 2021 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33957759

RESUMO

Objective: Incontinence and functional gastrointestinal disorders are common in young children and are associated with higher rates of psychological symptoms and mental disorders. This article focuses on the mutual association between incontinence and related toilet refusal syndrome, parental stress, and children's psychopathology especially in young children. Methods: Children's psychological symptoms, mental disorders, and parental stress levels were assessed in 38 parent-child dyads involving children with incontinence and 42 dyads of typically developing (TD) children. Results: Compared to TD children, patients had higher internalizing and externalizing CBCL scores and higher rates of clinically relevant externalizing problems. However, the rates of clinically relevant internalizing problems and mental disorders did not differ. The parents of children with incontinence reported significantly higher stress levels regarding child-related stress factors (PSI-CD) than did parents of TD children. However, there were no clinically relevant parental stress scores on a group level, which remained below the clinical range (T-value < 60). When simultaneously analyzed, children's (comorbid) mental disorders but not incontinence had a major impact on parental stress. Conclusions: Despite moderate stress levels, incontinence symptoms, urinary and fecal incontinence are highly prevalent in young children. However, stress among parents of young children was mainly elicited by any (comorbid) mental disorder.


Assuntos
Filho de Pais com Deficiência , Transtornos Mentais , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Família , Humanos , Pais , Psicopatologia
2.
Compr Psychiatry ; 95: 152139, 2019 11.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31706154

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Currently, attachment quality and attachment disorder exist in parallel, but the mutual association is still insufficiently clarified. For policy makers and clinical experts, it can be difficult to differentiate between these constructs, but the distinction is crucial to develop mental-health services and effective treatment concepts. We aimed to investigate the association between attachment representations (AR) and attachment disorders (AD), including Reactive Attachment Disorder (RAD) and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder (DSED) in children aged between 5 and 9. METHODS: A total of 135 children aged between 5 and 9 years (M=7.17 years, SD=1.40, 63% male) and their primary caregivers participated in the study. Children were interviewed with the story stem method to assess AR, and the primary caregiver completed diagnostic interviews and questionnaires on mental disorders, AD, emotional and behavioral problems, and intelligence and development. RESULTS: The prevalence of AR in children with AD was 28.6% for the 'secure' form of AR, 17.1% for the 'insecure-avoidant' form, 25.7% for the 'insecure-ambivalent' form, and 28.6% for the 'disorganized' form. Prevalences of the various AR forms did not differ statistically significantly, indicating that AR is conceptionally distinct from AD. Children with disorganized attachment scored significantly lower on language and intelligence skills than children with secure attachment. AD was significantly associated with a higher number of comorbidities, emotional and behavioral problems, and lower language skills. CONCLUSIONS: Longitudinal studies using standardized assessment instruments are needed to systematically provide comparable and reliable empirical findings to improve current understanding of AR and AD as well as their etiological models.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia , Apego ao Objeto , Transtorno Reativo de Vinculação na Infância/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Cognição , Comorbidade , Feminino , Cuidados no Lar de Adoção/estatística & dados numéricos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Idioma , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Teoria Psicológica , Suíça/epidemiologia
3.
Psychopathology ; 52(6): 334-345, 2019.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31865355

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Attachment disorder (AD), including reactive AD and disinhibited social engagement disorder, is a prevalent, yet underdiagnosed disorder in severely maltreated children. Because the condition is associated with significant psychiatric morbidity over the entire lifespan, a valid and economic screening tool to identify children with clinical symptoms of AD is needed to avoid unspecific or ineffective treatment. The present study aimed to assess the effectiveness and efficiency of the German version of the Relationship Problems Questionnaire (RPQ). METHODS: With a total of 135 children (mean age = 7.17 years, SD = 1.40, 63% male) from both general (34 children) and high-risk populations (69 in- and outpatients, 32 foster children), we investigated the sensitivity and specificity of the RPQ. AD was diagnosed using a standardized clinical interview (K-DIPS). 35 out of 135 children fulfilled the criteria for AD. RESULTS: The RPQ identified 74% of the children who fulfilled the criteria for AD in the standardized clinical interview. The optimal cut-off score of the RPQ for identifying AD was 4.5 with a moderate sensitivity of 0.74 and specificity of 0.68. CONCLUSIONS: The German version of the RPQ proved useful as a diagnostic indicator of clinical symptoms of AD. The tool is economic and suitable for the screening of AD in the general population as well as high-risk populations. We recommend the use of the RPQ in clinical and research settings, adding multi-method approaches after a positive screening.


Assuntos
Transtorno Reativo de Vinculação na Infância/diagnóstico , Criança , Feminino , Alemanha , Humanos , Idioma , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Inquéritos e Questionários
4.
Paediatr Perinat Epidemiol ; 27(4): 313-22, 2013 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23772932

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: A growing body of literature documents associations of maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy with fetal, infant and child behaviour and development. However, findings across studies are often inconsistent, which may in part be due to differences in stress definitions and assessments. METHODS: We systematically reviewed methods applied to assess maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy in studies looking at associations with biobehavioural outcomes in the offspring. A systematic literature search was performed on Web of Science and PubMed for the time period between January 1999 and October 2009. Psychometric instruments assessing maternal psychosocial stress during pregnancy were identified and described if data on psychometric properties were available. RESULTS: We identified 115 publications that assessed psychosocial stress during pregnancy with validated methods. These publications applied overall 43 different instruments assessing constructs falling under seven categories, ordered according to their frequency of use: anxiety, depression, daily hassles, aspects of psychological symptomatology (not reduced to anxiety or depression), life events, specific socio-environmental stressors and stress related to pregnancy and parenting. If available, we provide information on validity and reliability of the instruments for samples of pregnant women. CONCLUSIONS: Within the 'prenatal stress' research, a broad range of instruments is applied to assess psychosocial stress during pregnancy. Prenatal stress research should take into consideration that the variety of methods in use might hamper the comparability of stress research results. In each category of stress constructs, one instrument with good psychometric properties in pregnant women is highlighted as the best currently available measure.


Assuntos
Transtornos de Ansiedade/psicologia , Transtorno Depressivo/psicologia , Transtornos Mentais/psicologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico/diagnóstico , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica , Psicometria/métodos , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes
5.
Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry ; 22 Suppl 1: S69-74, 2013 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23229140

RESUMO

Infant mental health problems include difficulties to regulate emotions or attention, crying, sleeping or feeding problems as well as aggressive behavior. Early identifications of these problems help to change developmental trajectories and improve developmental outcomes. Psychiatric assessment and classification have to take into account the rapid processes of development as well as the inseparable linkage between symptoms of the infant, psychosocial risks in the family environment, and parent-child relations. The proposed DSM-5 classification system presents a systematic description of mental health disorders which are relevant for infant psychiatry. However, the proposal has provided rather limited attention to developmental differences and parent-infant relations. Therefore, additional classification systems, like the Zero-to-Three (DC: 0-3R), are strongly recommended. In terms of assessment and in accordance with the guidelines of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, infant psychiatrists have to consider the close relation between somatic and mental health and the interplay between behaviors of the caregiver and the infant. Therefore, the assessment has to be multidisciplinary and relationship based. A standard assessment in infancy includes a clinical interview, behavior observations, caregiver questionnaires, and a pediatric screening. All assessments should pay attention to motor, cognitive, language, and social-emotional development. Because infant development is embedded in the family context, socio-economic factors, parents' mental problems, including drug abuse, domestic violence, and trauma history should be assessed. The treatment has to be oriented toward symptoms and development and has to address underlying medical conditions. The focus should be on parent-child interactions. Evidence-based interventions are based on attachment theory, use social-learning perspectives, and behavioral approaches.


Assuntos
Manual Diagnóstico e Estatístico de Transtornos Mentais , Transtornos Mentais/diagnóstico , Distúrbios do Início e da Manutenção do Sono/diagnóstico , Desenvolvimento Infantil , Psiquiatria Infantil , Humanos , Lactente
6.
J Pediatr ; 161(1): 104-9, 2012 Jul.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22289357

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether prenatal stress is associated with behavioral and emotional regulation problems (crying/fussing) in infants, after controlling for confounding factors. Furthermore, the study investigated the stress-buffering effect of maternal self-efficacy. STUDY DESIGN: Data were collected in 120 pregnant women (29 ± 3.2 weeks gestation) and their infants at 6 weeks of age. Expecting mothers completed a structured interview and self-report questionnaires on prenatal stress and self-efficacy. Crying/fussing data were obtained with a validated parental diary. RESULTS: After controlling for confounding variables, multiple regression analyses show that prenatal stress and self-efficacy accounted for 20% of the variance of infant's fussing and crying behavior. Results suggest a mediating role of self-efficacy. Babies of mothers reporting high levels of prenatal stress cried less when their mother had high levels of self-efficacy compared with mothers with low self-efficacy. In addition, mothers of infants with excessive crying reported more symptoms of stress, depression, and anxiety in pregnancy. CONCLUSION: To foster the development of well-adapted parent-infant relationships and potentially to reduce infant crying in the early postpartum phase, health care professionals need special education about the effects of prenatal stress and interventions that promote self-efficacy.


Assuntos
Choro , Comportamento do Lactente , Relações Mãe-Filho , Mães/psicologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Autoeficácia , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , Lactente , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos
7.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36497530

RESUMO

According to Cloninger's model, personality is conceptualized in temperament and character traits contributing to a child's psychosocial development. Additionally, parent-child interaction is important for the child's socio-emotional development. To date, the relationship between attachment and temperament and character for child mental health development and its effects on parents remains mostly unclear. The aim of the present study was thus to examine the relationship of attachment, temperament and character, parental stress, and mental health problems among 125 children (mean age = 7.14 years) in Switzerland. Temperament and character, attachment disorder (symptoms), parental stress, and mental health problems were assessed with psychometric questionnaires; attachment was assessed with an additional observational measure. Descriptive characters of the sample were presented, and group differences and correlations were computed. For temperament traits, results revealed significant group differences for novelty seeking and persistence and attachment disorder types. For character traits, the findings showed significant group differences for self-directedness and cooperativeness and attachment disorder types. Moderate effect sizes for groups differences were found. Further, the mixed-type (inhibited and disinhibited) and inhibited attachment disorder type were the most burdened groups. The present findings suggest that temperament and character traits, as well as parental stress and mental health problems are associated with the occurrence of attachment disorders among children. Future longitudinal studies with larger samples are needed to examine the causal relationships of temperament and character with attachment, including person-related and environmental factors among children.


Assuntos
Caráter , Saúde Mental , Humanos , Criança , Temperamento , Inventário de Personalidade , Psicometria
8.
Arch Womens Ment Health ; 14(1): 33-41, 2011 Feb.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20872154

RESUMO

Antenatal maternal stress is thought to negatively affect fetal development, birth outcomes, and infant's development. Glucocorticoids are suggested to be a common link between prenatal stressors and infant's health. However, data on these mechanisms are rare and sometimes conflicting. The objective of this study was to examine the effects of maternal distress during pregnancy on fetal development and birth weight in humans prospectively. This study focuses on cortisol as one mediating the mechanism of the association between maternal distress and birth outcomes. Pregnancy-related and general distress was measured in 81 women with uncomplicated, singleton pregnancies. The rise of salivary cortisol on awakening (CAR) was assessed in weeks 13-18 and 35-37 postmenstrual age of pregnancy. Mothers completed a structured interview, the perceived stress scale, a widely used psychological instrument that provided a global measure of perceived stress, as well as the Prenatal Distress Questionnaire, a self-report questionnaire designed to assess worries and anxiety in pregnancy. Pre-, peri-, and postnatal medical risk factors as well as birth characteristics were extracted from medical records routinely kept by the attending obstetricians. Hierarchical multiple regressions indicate that maternal cortisol levels explained 19.8% of the variance in birth weight and 9% of the variance in body length at birth, even after controlling for gestational age, parity, pre-pregnancy BMI, smoking, and infant's sex. Newborns of mothers with higher cortisol levels in pregnancy had lower birth weights and were shorter at birth. An ANCOVA for repeated measures indicated that, after controlling for covariates, pregnancy-related as well as general distress in pregnancy did not influence cortisol levels after awakening (area under the curve). No significant associations between perceived stress and anthrometric measures at birth were found. In conclusion, maternal cortisol levels in pregnancy influence intrauterine growth and may be a better predictor for birth outcome than perceived stress.


Assuntos
Peso ao Nascer , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Estresse Psicológico , Adulto , Feminino , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Previsões , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Gravidez , Estudos Prospectivos
9.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27382412

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Regulatory problems such as excessive crying, sleeping-and feeding difficulties in infancy are some of the earliest precursors of later mental health difficulties emerging throughout the lifespan. In the present study, the inter-rater reliability and acceptance of a structured computer-assisted diagnostic interview for regulatory problems (Baby-DIPS) was investigated. METHODS: Using a community sample, 132 mothers of infants aged between 3 and 18 months (mean age = 10 months) were interviewed with the Baby-DIPS regarding current and former (combined = lifetime) regulatory problems. Severity of the symptoms was also rated. The interviews were conducted face-to-face at a psychology department at the university (51.5 %), the mother's home (23.5 %), or via telephone (25.0 %). Inter-rater reliability was assessed with Cohen's kappa (k). A sample of 48 mothers and their interviewers filled in acceptance questionnaires after the interview. RESULTS: Good to excellent inter-rater reliability on the levels of current and lifetime regulatory problems (k = 0.77-0.98) were found. High inter-rater agreement was also found for ratings of severity (ICC = 0.86-0.97). Participants and interviewers' overall acceptance ratings of the computer-assisted interview were favourable. Acceptance scores did not differ between interviews that revealed one or more clinically relevant regulatory problem(s) compared to those that revealed no regulatory problems. CONCLUSIONS: The Baby-DIPS was found to be a reliable instrument for the assessment of current and lifetime problems in crying and sleeping behaviours. The computer-assisted version of the Baby-DIPS was well accepted by interviewers and mothers. The Baby-DIPS appears to be well-suited for research and clinical use to identify infant regulatory problems.

10.
Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci ; 11(9): 1460-70, 2016 09.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27107296

RESUMO

The aim of this study was to investigate whether maternal adversities and cortisol levels during pregnancy predict cord blood DNA methylation of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR). We collected cord blood of 39 babies born to mothers participating in a cross-sectional study (N = 100) conducted in Basel, Switzerland (2007-10). Mothers completed the Inventory of Life Events (second trimester: T2), the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS, third trimester: T3), the Trier Inventory of Chronic Stress (TICS-K, 1-3 weeks postpartum) and provided saliva samples (T2, T3) for maternal cortisol profiles, as computed by the area under the curve with respect to ground (AUCg) or increase (AUCi) for the cortisol awakening response (CAR) and for diurnal cortisol profiles (DAY). OXTR DNA methylation was quantified using Sequenom EpiTYPER. The number of stressful life events (P = 0.032), EPDS score (P = 0.007) and cortisol AUCgs at T2 (CAR: P = 0.020; DAY: P = 0.024) were negatively associated with OXTR DNA methylation. Our findings suggest that distinct prenatal adversities predict decreased DNA methylation in a gene that is relevant for childbirth, maternal behavior and wellbeing of mother and offspring. If a reduced OXTR methylation increases OXTR expression, our findings could suggest an epigenetic adaptation to an adverse early environment.


Assuntos
Metilação de DNA , Sangue Fetal/química , Gravidez/psicologia , Receptores de Ocitocina/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/psicologia , Adulto , Estudos Transversais , Depressão/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/análise , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Recém-Nascido , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Comportamento Materno , Ocitocina/metabolismo , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez/psicologia , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/psicologia , Escalas de Graduação Psiquiátrica
11.
J Psychiatr Res ; 60: 148-55, 2015 Jan.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25454024

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: We tested the hypothesis that objectively assessed sleep at kindergarten level predicts sleep and psychological functioning in adolescence. METHOD: Thirty-seven adolescents aged 14 years (SD = 1.3), of 67 participants assessed as preschoolers, took part in a follow-up study nine years later. Participants completed a series of questionnaires related to sleep and psychological functioning. Sleep-EEG clusters of poor, normal and good sleepers assessed as children nine years earlier were used as predictors for subjective sleep and psychological functioning in adolescence. RESULTS: At the age of 14, those who were normal and good sleepers rather than poor sleepers at the age of five had more positive psychological functioning on dimensions including mental toughness, peer relationship, self-esteem, and perceived stress, but did not differ in current sleep patterns. CONCLUSIONS: Objectively assessed sleep patterns at the age of five are predictive of aspects of psychological functioning during adolescence.


Assuntos
Sintomas Comportamentais/psicologia , Autoimagem , Sono , Adolescente , Sintomas Comportamentais/epidemiologia , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Eletroencefalografia , Feminino , Seguimentos , Humanos , Masculino , Fatores de Risco , Autorrelato , Sono/fisiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários , Fatores de Tempo
12.
J Psychosom Res ; 75(4): 351-7, 2013 Oct.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-24119942

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activation during pregnancy is linked to dysfunctional behavioral outcomes in the offspring. According to Belsky's differential susceptibility hypothesis, individuals vary regarding their developmental plasticity. Translating the differential susceptibility hypothesis to the field of fetal programming, we hypothesize that infants' temperament, as the constitutionally based reactivity to stimulation, moderates prenatal environmental effects on postnatal emotion regulation. METHODS: Maternal HPA axis activity and stress-reactivity during pregnancy was estimated, by measuring cortisol concentrations in saliva, collected at 0, 30, 45 and 60 min after awakening and in blood, collected during a laboratory stress test (Trier Social Stress Test), respectively. Newborns reactivity to stimulation was evaluated between postnatal day 10 and 14 using the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale. Infant's self-quieting-activities, as an indicator of emotion regulation, were evaluated at the age of six months during the still face paradigm. RESULTS: Maternal cortisol reactivity to stress during pregnancy was associated with infant's emotion regulation at the age of six months. Whereas cortisol levels after awakening in mid and late pregnancy were not associated with emotion regulation. Furthermore, regression analyses revealed that in interaction with neonatal reactivity, both, prenatal maternal HPA activity as well as prenatal maternal HPA reactivity to stress predicted emotion regulation. CONCLUSION: The findings indicate that newborns' reactivity to stimulation is moderating the association between prenatal exposure to maternal glucocorticoids and emotion regulation in infancy. Data suggests that temperamental characteristics of the newborn are a relevant differential susceptibility factor with regard to prenatal effects on emotion regulation.


Assuntos
Emoções , Desenvolvimento Fetal , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Gestantes , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal/sangue , Estresse Psicológico/metabolismo , Adulto , Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Feminino , Humanos , Hidrocortisona/sangue , Sistema Hipotálamo-Hipofisário/metabolismo , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Sistema Hipófise-Suprarrenal/metabolismo , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/metabolismo , Gestantes/psicologia , Saliva/metabolismo
13.
Psychoneuroendocrinology ; 37(8): 1336-40, 2012 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-22309824

RESUMO

Maternal stress during pregnancy has been repeatedly associated with problematic child development. According to the fetal programming hypothesis adverse experiences during pregnancy increase maternal cortisol, which is then assumed to exert a negative effect on fetal development. Recent studies in non-pregnant women report significant associations between positive emotionality and low cortisol levels. We tested in a sample of 60 pregnant women whether both negative and positive life events independently predicted third-trimester baseline awakening cortisol levels. While the effect of negative life events proved unrelated positive life events significantly predicted lower cortisol levels. These findings suggest that positive experiences are of relevance regarding maternal morning cortisol levels in pregnancy reflecting a resource with potentially beneficial effects for the mother and the developing fetus. It might be promising for psychological intervention programs to focus on increasing positive experiences of the expecting mother rather than exclusively trying to reduce maternal stress during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Acontecimentos que Mudam a Vida , Gravidez/metabolismo , Gestantes , Saliva/metabolismo , Adolescente , Adulto , Nível de Alerta/fisiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez/psicologia , Gestantes/psicologia , Vigília/fisiologia , Adulto Jovem
14.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21489233

RESUMO

Impulsive and aggressive behaviour symptoms often are serious problems in children, even already at preschool age. Thus, effective treatment approaches are requested. In this comment pharmacotherapeutic treatment approaches, first of all risperidone, their limitations and alternative psychotherapeutic approaches are outlined.

15.
Neuropsychopharmacology ; 36(9): 1886-93, 2011 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-21562482

RESUMO

Postpartum depression (PPD) affects up to 19% of all women after parturition. The non-apeptide oxytocin (OXT) is involved in adjustment to pregnancy, maternal behavior, and bonding. Our aim was to examine the possible association between plasma OXT during pregnancy and the development of PPD symptoms. A total of 74 healthy, pregnant women were included in this prospective study. During the third trimester of pregnancy and within 2 weeks after parturition, PPD symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Blood samples for plasma OXT assessment were collected in the third trimester. Following the literature, participants with postpartum EPDS scores of 10 or more were regarded as being at risk for PPD development (rPPD group). In a logistic regression analysis, plasma OXT was included as a potential predictor for being at risk for PPD. Results were controlled for prepartal EPDS score, sociodemographic and birth-outcome variables. Plasma OXT concentration in mid-pregnancy significantly predicted PPD symptoms at 2 weeks postpartum. Compared with the no-risk-for-PPD group, the rPPD group was characterized by lower plasma OXT concentrations. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show an association between prepartal plasma OXT concentration and postpartal symptoms of PPD in humans. Assuming a causal relationship, enhancing OXT release during pregnancy could serve as a potential target in prepartum PPD prevention, and help to minimize adverse effects of PPD on the mother-child relationship.


Assuntos
Depressão Pós-Parto/sangue , Ocitocina/sangue , Ocitocina/deficiência , Complicações na Gravidez/sangue , Adulto , Biomarcadores/sangue , Depressão Pós-Parto/epidemiologia , Depressão Pós-Parto/psicologia , Feminino , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Gravidez , Complicações na Gravidez/epidemiologia , Complicações na Gravidez/psicologia , Terceiro Trimestre da Gravidez/sangue , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco
16.
Biol Psychol ; 83(3): 169-75, 2010 Mar.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-20026376

RESUMO

Animal models suggest that stress-induced hormonal changes in the mother during pregnancy lead to enduring changes in the fetus and empirical links between prenatal maternal stress and negative child development have been discerned repeatedly in human studies. But the role of heritable personality traits has received little attention in the latter work. The goal of the current study was to investigate the relationship between maternal personality, psychological measures of maternal distress and maternal salivary cortisol during pregnancy. Maternal reports of personality (16 PF) and stress-related psychological measures (depression, pregnancy-related anxiety, perceived stress, negative life events) as well as salivary cortisol samples of 66 healthy pregnant women were collected in early and late pregnancy. Maternal trait anxiety proved related to all stress-related psychological measures and high anxiety predicted low baseline cortisol awakening levels in early pregnancy. Maternal trait anxiety is related to both psychological and biological stress measures during pregnancy.


Assuntos
Ansiedade/etiologia , Hidrocortisona/metabolismo , Gravidez/metabolismo , Efeitos Tardios da Exposição Pré-Natal , Saliva/química , Estresse Psicológico/etiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Área Sob a Curva , Feminino , Humanos , Expectativa de Vida , Estudos Longitudinais , Masculino , Relações Mãe-Filho , Inventário de Personalidade , Gravidez/psicologia , Adulto Jovem
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