[Development of the facial feminization surgery patient's satisfaction questionnaire (QESFF1): Qualitative phase]. / Élaboration d'un questionnaire de satisfaction encadrant la chirurgie de féminisation faciale chez les patientes transsexuelles male to female (QESFF1) : Phase qualitative.

OBJECTIVE: Facial feminization surgery is becoming a more frequently requested procedure in transsexual male to female patients transformation. A global way of reporting outcomes data and showing the beneficial impact of this specific procedure is necessary. The objective of this study is to develop a reliable and valid tool to report patients' outcomes after facial feminization surgery. METHODS: A systematic literature review, input from experts working with transsexual patients and patient interviews were used to develop the conceptual framework of the questionnaire. It includes the outcomes deemed important to facial feminization surgery and it was used to construct items of the questionnaire. RESULTS: There is no specific tool for measuring patients outcomes after facial feminization surgery. Ten experts and 18 patients participated to this study. The conceptual framework includes the following themes: satisfaction with facial feminine appearance; adverse effects; quality of life. The questionnaire includes fourteen separate Likert scales, with preoperative and postoperative versions. The reliability of the questionnaire is excellent with a medium Alpha score of 0.85. Facial feminization surgery is associated with high patient satisfaction in this sample (83.7±7.41). CONCLUSION: QESFF1 is a reliable questionnaire and its development follows the steps recommended by the patient-reported outcomes process. A large sample pilot test is needed to demonstrate its validity. The QESFF1 can provide physicians with the necessary tools to measure the impact of facial feminization surgery on male to female transsexual patients and also has the potential to support clinical trials.

[Dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans: Surgical margins using Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery. A clinical retrospective study about 20 cases]. / Marges d'exérèse des dermatofibrosarcomes cervico-faciaux par technique de Slow-Mohs : étude clinique rétrospective sur 20 cas.

OBJECTIVES: The main objective of this study is to determine the necessary surgical margins to obtain a complete R0 resection for head and neck dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans (DFSP) using Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery. The secondary objective is to study the recurrence rate of these tumors. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery was used for patients included between 2005 and 2015 at Bordeaux universitary hospital. For each patient the age, the sex and death occurrence, the initial surgical margins, the surgical margins for complete R0 resection, the occurrence of local or general recurrence during follow-up were reported. Surgery was realized under local anesthesia. The closure of the tumor site was realized secondarily using a skin graft or local flap. RESULTS: Twenty patients were included in the study. Initial surgical margins were 10mm (9 patients) or 15mm (11 patients). Complete resection was obtained from the first surgery for fifteen patients (75%). The average surgical margin for a complete R0 resection was 15,25±5,7mm (10-25). None of the patients presented recurrences during the entire follow-up (38 months) CONCLUSION: A complete R0 resection of head and neck DFSP is obtained from the first surgery in 75% of the cases, with minimum surgical margins (12,75±2,55mm) using the Slow-Mohs micrographic surgery. This allows a reduction of surgical margins and local recurrences. This technique provides a preservation of soft-tissues, which plays a key role for head and neck surgery.

[Composite midfacial flap vascularized by the facial artery: a preliminary anatomic study]. / Lambeau composite médiofacial vascularisé par l'artère faciale: étude anatomique préliminaire.

INTRODUCTION: Extended facial tissue defects are difficult to reconstruct because of the anatomical and functional complexity of the area. Recently, composite facial allotransplantation was used for reconstruction. This could be performed because of specific facial blood supply and its facial and maxillary anastomoses. Could a composite naso-labio-mental flap rely on the sole blood supply of a facial artery anastomosis? We performed an anatomic study of a naso-labio-mental composite flap vascularized by the facial artery. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The study relied on arteriographies made on cadaveric heads and in vivo. The following data was analyzed: caliber of facial and maxillary arteries, terminal branch of facial arteries, and vascular territories. RESULTS: Sixteen facial arteries and six maxillary arteries were studied. The mean facial artery caliber was 2.06 mm (1-3.2mm). The facial artery ended in the nasal area in 68.8% of the cases. The latero-nasal artery was always present; it was a branch of the facial artery in 66.7% of cases. The two facial arteries, when injected bilaterally, always allowed complete facial composite flap circulation. The nasal territory of the flap was not opacified by the homolateral facial artery in 16.7% of the cases. DISCUSSION: Both facial artery anastomoses are recommended as blood supply for composite midfacial flaps. Preoperative imaging should be used systematically to assess the vascular network before harvesting.

The necessity of level IIb dissection for clinically negative neck oral squamous cell carcinoma.

AIM: Selective neck dissection reduces the incidence of complications associated with radical neck dissection while achieving the same oncological results, especially in clinically node-negative (cN0) cases. The most common complications associated with selective neck dissection are spinal accessory nerve dysfunction and shoulder disability, which result from level IIb dissection. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the incidence of level IIb lymph node metastasis in cN0 oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients to determine the necessity of selective neck surgery. METHODS: The medical records of 138 consecutive OSCC cN0 patients seen from June 2012 to June 2017 were retrospectively reviewed for age, gender, tumor localization, and TNM classification. RESULTS: The incidence of occult metastasis was 29.7%, but level IIb nodes were not involved in any case. DISCUSSION: The lack of involvement of level IIb nodes in occult metastasis, and high prevalence of shoulder dysfunction caused by injury to the spinal accessory nerve during surgery, challenge the necessity of surgical IIb node clearance in cNO OSCC; this is true for all stages and especially for early T1 stage cases, when the likelihood of occult lymph node metastasis is low (15.6%).

Current status of surgical planning and transfer methods in orthognathic surgery.

Since the advent of orthognathic surgery major efforts have been made to render these surgical procedures more reliable, accurate, reproducible, and shorter. Such improvements imply the enhancement of surgical planning (SP) techniques and optimization of SP transfer tools. Most widespread current SP methods are based on physical examination/anthropometric measurements combined with cephalometric analysis. Most surgeons currently use handmade acrylic surgical splints or sometimes freehand surgery as transfer tool. The emergence of virtual surgical planning (VSP) procedures gave birth to several modern transfer tools, such as computer-assisted design and manufactured (CAD/CAM) splints, CAD/CAM splints with extra-oral bone support, customized miniplates, and surgical navigation. This article classifies and describes these emerging transfer tools, therewith underlining their advantages and drawbacks.

[Superficial ulnar artery: Case report]. / À propos d'un cas d'artère ulnaire superficielle.

The anatomical variations of arterial axes of the upper limb are not uncommon and must be known to allow for safe surgical procedures and in order to limit the morbidity of these procedures. The superficial ulnar artery represents, after the variations in origin of the radial artery, the second most frequent variation in this area. When present, reconstructive procedures may be modified, especially when harvesting forearm free flaps, in order to choose this vessel as nourishing pedicle. The authors present the case of a superficial ulnar artery revealed intraoperatively while harvesting a radial forearm free flap, and a review of their cases in order to assess the frequency of this variation, and correlate it to literature.

[When should an orthoptic evaluation be prescribed in the management of orbital floor fracture? A prospective study of 47 fractures]. / Quand demander un examen orthoptique dans la prise en charge des fractures du plancher de l'orbite ?

INTRODUCTION: We evaluated the indication of orthoptic evaluation for the management of orbital floor fractures in a prospective series. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Forty-seven patients presenting with an orbital floor fracture were included in our prospective study. Consultations in orthoptics and maxillo-facial surgery were regularly carried out. Diplopia and motility were systematically assessed as well as a coordimetric examination according to Hess-Lees's technique. RESULTS: Nineteen percent of coordimetric motility disorders were observed among asymptomatic patients, after trauma. No diplopia or clinical motility disorder were observed 1 and 2 months after trauma, and coordimetric examinations came back to normal 2 and 3 months after trauma respectively for non-operated (26) and operated (21) patients. CONCLUSIONS: An orthoptic evaluation is necessary for the management of orbital floor fractures to diagnose the type of diplopia, motility disorders, and to indicate a coordimetric examination if diplopia is present. We suggest this orthoptic evaluation for patients presenting with diplopia between 5 and 10 days following trauma, 1 month after trauma for non-surgical treatment and 2 months after trauma for surgical treatment.