Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. METHODS: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. RESULTS: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. CONCLUSIONS: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

Sexual exposure to HIV in Angolan men who have sex with men immigrants: A cross-sectional study in Portugal and Brazil.

BACKGROUND: In different contexts, international migrants are vulnerable to health disparities that increase the risk of HIV/AIDS exposure and continue to bear a significant burden of new virus infections in developed and developing countries. In this study, we sought to examine sexual practices and factors linked to HIV exposure among a sample of Angolan men who have sex with men (MSM) immigrants. METHODS: The study was conducted in two Portuguese-speaking countries, Brazil and Portugal, and involved 250 Angolan MSM immigrants between September 2020 and February 2021, using sampling methods to constitute the sample and the HIV Incidence Risk Index (HIRI) to define virus exposure risk. Odds ratio (OR) and adjusted odds ratio (aOR) were used to calculate the chances of higher HIRI index in the sample. RESULTS: Our results showed that 76.8% of participants presented a high HIRI index, influenced by the practice of chemsex (aOR: 4.26), having a known/repeated partner (aOR: 4.59), and engaging in passive sex without a condom in the last 30 days (aOR: 1.29) or 6 months (aOR: 1.98). CONCLUSIONS: It is crucial to focus on this vulnerable population and implement sexual health policies that integrate combined HIV prevention measures aimed at immigrant MSM.

Knowledge of health students about prophylaxis pre and post exposure to HIV.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate students' knowledge of nursing and medical courses at a public university on prophylaxis before and after exposure to HIV/AIDS. METHOD: cross-sectional study, carried out with nursing and medical students (n = 167). In order to explain the effect of variables on knowledge, the Multinomial Logistic Regression was used. RESULTS: Participants had a mean of 23.03 years, female (56.5%), unmarried (64.3%), and heterosexual (86.3%). The level of knowledge demonstrated was mostly medium (49.4%), and only 28.6% showed a high knowledge about the subject. The multivariate analysis showed that the course (p = 0.03) and age (p = 0.01) were associated with a higher level of knowledge. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing and medical students possess knowledge considered as average about HIV preventive prophylaxis, thus it is up to the health education institutions to provide subsidies for a better training of students, treating the theme as a transversal subject in their training.

Vaccination hesitation in children under five years of age: a scoping review / Vacunación vacuna en niños menores de cinco años: una revisión del alcance / Hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos: revisão de escopo

ABSTRACT Objectives: to synthesize scientific evidence on vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and its associated factors. Methods: a scoping review, conducted according to the methodological structure proposed by the JBI. Searches were carried out in the Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Scientific Electronic Library Online and PubMed databases, including gray literature. Studies in English, Spanish and Portuguese were included, without temporal delimitation. Editorials, studies that did not address vaccine hesitancy in children under five years of age and were not aligned with the objective and research question were excluded. The sample consisted of 18 articles. Results: misinformation, concern about adverse effects, distrust about efficacy, affliction regarding administration simultaneously, and insecurity in relation to the laboratories were the reported reasons. Conclusions: strategies are needed to combat the lack of information about immunobiological agents, as misinformation was the main factor in parents' vaccine hesitation.

RESUMEN Objetivos: sintetizar la evidencia científica sobre la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y sus factores asociados. Métodos: revisión de alcance, realizada según la estructura metodológica propuesta por el JBI. Las búsquedas se realizaron en el Centro Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Información en Ciencias de la Salud, Scientific Electronic Library Online y PubMed, incluida la literatura gris. Se incluyeron estudios en inglés, español y portugués, sin delimitación temporal. Se excluyeron editoriales, estudios que no abordaran la reticencia vacunal en menores de cinco años y que no estuvieran alineados con el objetivo y pregunta de investigación. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 18 artículos. Resultados: la desinformación, la preocupación por los efectos adversos, la desconfianza en la eficacia, la angustia por la administración simultánea y la inseguridad por los laboratorios fueron los motivos informados. Conclusiones: se necesitan estrategias para combatir la falta de información sobre inmunobiológicos, ya que la desinformación fue el principal factor en la duda vacunal de los padres.

RESUMO Objetivos: sintetizar evidências científicas sobre hesitação vacinal em crianças menores de cinco anos e seus fatores associados. Métodos: revisão de escopo, conduzida conforme a estrutura metodológica proposta pelo JBI. Realizaram-se buscas nas bases Centro Latino-Americano e do Caribe de Informação em Ciências da Saúde, Scientific Electronic Library Online e PubMed, incluindo literatura cinzenta. Foram incluídos estudos em inglês, espanhol e português, sem delimitação, temporal. Foram excluídos editoriais, estudos que não abordaram hesitação vacinal em menores de cinco anos e não estiveram alinhadas com o objetivo e questão de pesquisa. A amostra foi composta por 18 artigos. Resultados: desinformação, preocupação com efeitos adversos, desconfiança sobre eficácia, aflição quanto à administração simultaneamente e insegurança em relação aos laboratórios foram os motivos relatados. Conclusões: são necessárias estratégias de combate à carência de informações acerca dos imunobiológicos, pois a desinformação foi o fator principal na hesitação vacinal dos pais.

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups.

INTRODUCTION: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. OBJECTIVE: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. METHODS: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. RESULTS: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). CONCLUSION: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumferences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group.

Cuidados prestados a parceiros sexuais de pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana / The care provided to the sexual partners of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus

RESUMO Objetivo analisar os cuidados prestados aos parceiros sexuais de pessoas que vivem com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Métodos estudo transversal com 173 participantes, realizado em um serviço especializado no tratamento de pessoas com o vírus da imunodeficiência humana. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística (qui-quadrado e teste exato de Fisher). Resultados ter o parceiro convidado a frequentar o serviço de saúde, receber orientações sobre prevenção no serviço de saúde e ser atendido no serviço especializado com o parceiro para aconselhamento sobre práticas sexuais e estratégias preventivas apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,001). Conclusão existem lacunas nos cuidados prestados aos parceiros sexuais, relacionadas às estratégias de prevenção da infecção pelo vírus.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze the care provided to sexual partners of people living with the human immunodeficiency virus. Methods cross-sectional study with 173 participants, carried out in a service specialized in the treatment of people with the human immunodeficiency virus, submitted to a statistical analysis (chi-square test and Fisher's exact test). Results having the partner invited to attend the health service (p<0.001), receiving guidance on prevention in the health service (p<0.001), and being seen at the specialized service as a couple for counseling on sexual practices and preventive strategies (p<0.001) showed statistical differences. Conclusion there are gaps in the care provided to sexual partners on strategies for preventing infection by the human immunodeficiency virus.

Cephalometric and anthropometric data of obstructive apnea in different age groups / Medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas do índice de apneia e hipopneia em diferentes faixas etárias

Introduction: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome usually present with changes in upper airway morphology and/or body fat distribution, which may occur throughout life and increase the severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome with age. Objective: To correlate cephalometric and anthropometric measures with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in different age groups. Methods: A retrospective study of cephalometric and anthropometric measures of 102 patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome was analyzed. Patients were divided into three age groups (≥20 and <40 years, ≥40 and <60 years, and ≥60 years). Pearson's correlation was performed for these measures with the apnea-hypopnea index in the full sample, and subsequently by age group. Results: The cephalometric measures MP-H (distance between the mandibular plane and the hyoid bone) and PNS-P (distance between the posterior nasal spine and the tip of the soft palate) and the neck and waist circumferences showed a statistically significant correlation with apnea-hypopnea index in both the full sample and in the ≥40 and <60 years age group. These variables did not show any significant correlation with the other two age groups (<40 and ≥60 years). Conclusion: Cephalometric measurements MP-H and PNS-P and cervical and waist circumfer- ences correlated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome severity in patients in the ≥40 and <60 age group. .

Introdução: Pacientes com a síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono (SAOS) geralmente apresentam alterações na morfologia das vias aéreas superiores e/ou na distribuição da gordura corporal, que podem ocorrer durante a vida e aumentar a gravidade da SAOS com a idade. Objetivo: Correlacionar medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas com a gravidade da SAOS em diferentes faixas etárias. Método: Estudo retrospectivo de medidas cefalométricas e antropométricas de 102 pacientes portadores de SAOS. Os pacientes foram divididos em três faixas etárias (≥20 e <40 anos, ≥40 e <60 anos, e ≥60 anos). Foi realizada correlação de Pearson destas medidas com o índice de apneia-hipopneia (IAH) na amostra completa e depois por faixa etária. Resultados: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H (distância entre o plano mandibular e o osso hioide) e PNS-P (distância entre a espinha nasal posterior e a ponta do palato mole) e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação estatisticamente significante com o IAH tanto na amostra total quanto na faixa de <40 e ≥ 60 anos. Estas variáveis não mostraram correlação significante com as outras duas faixas etárias (≤ 40 e ≥ 60 anos). Conclusão: As medidas cefalométricas MP-H e PNS-P e as circunferências cervical e abdominal apresentaram correlação com a gravidade da SAOS em pacientes na faixa etária de ≥40 e <60 anos. .

Indicação inicial de tratamento em 60 pacientes com distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos do sono / Initial indication of treatment in 60 patients with sleep obstructive ventilatory disturbance

OBJETIVO: Os autores apresentam um estudo descritivo retrospectivo de 60 pacientes portadores de distúrbios ventilatórios obstrutivos do sono (DVOS), atendidos no Centro Campinas de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabeça e Pescoço num período de três anos. Todos os pacientes foram examinados segundo protocolo padronizado e as decisões quanto à primeira conduta terapêutica resultaram de discussão conjunta multidisciplinar sistemática. FORMA DE ESTUDO: clínico retrospectivo. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Os pacientes foram distribuídos em dois grupos segundo a proposta de tratamento não-cirúrgico e cirúrgico. Em seguida, foram estudados quanto à modalidade inicial de tratamentos propostos e os principais achados propedêuticos: índice de distúrbio respiratório (IDR), índice de massa corpórea (IMC), análise cefalométrica e manobra de Müller. Os principais achados propedêuticos foram comparados, isoladamente ou em associações com a modalidade de tratamento proposto. CONCLUSÃO: As principais conclusões mostram que nas roncopatias, a indicação de tratamento não-cirúrgico e cirúrgico se fez na mesma proporção; a indicação de tratamento cirúrgico prevaleceu na Síndrome da Apnéia-Hipopnéia Obstrutiva do Sono (SAHOS), independente de sua modalidade; o IDR, o IMC e a manobra de Müller não tiveram influência na indicação de qualquer modalidade terapêutica; a decisão terapêutica decorreu de estudo propedêutico sistematizado e da atuação multidisciplinar, havendo cada caso sido discutido individualmente.

AIM: The author present a retrospective descriptive study of 60 patients with sleep obstructive ventilatory disturbance who have taken medical advice at the Centro Campinas de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia de Cabe‡a e Pesco‡o during a period of three years. All the patients have been examined after standardized protocol and decisions related to the treatment have been taken after systematic multidisciplinary discussion. STUDY DESIGN: clinical retrospective. MATERIAL AND METHOD: The patients were distributed into two groups according to the proposal of surgical and non-surgical treatment. After so, they were studied according to the model of treatment proposed and the main propaedeutic findings: respiratory disturbance index (RDI), body mass index (BMI), cephalometric analysis and Mller maneuver. The main features were compared - isolated or in association - with the model of treatment proposed. CONCLUSION: Amongst several conclusions obtained, the most important were: surgical and non-surgical treatment were indicated almost in the same proportion for of snoring; surgical treatments were most indicated for snoring and Apnoea-Hipopnoea Syndrome, despite of its modality; RDI, BMI and cephalometric analysis and Mller maneuver had no influence at any therapeutic modality; the therapeutic decision was taken after standardized protocol and systematic multidisciplinary discussion, where each case was discussed individually.

Estudo comparativo do piroxicam gotas e cloridrato de benzidamina no tratamento das infecçöes virais de vias aéreas superiores / Comparative study of piroxicam drops and hydroxide of benzydamine in the treatment of viral infections of the upper airways

Usaram-se comparativamente o Piroxicam em gotas e Benzidamina em gotas para tratamento de IVAS em 50 crianças de 3 a 9 anos e concluiu-se pela melhor validade do Piroxicam, quer pela sensível atividade antiinflamatória e analgésica, quer pelo sabor mais agradável, baixa incidência de efeitos colaterais e facilidade de administraçäo conferida pela dose única diária

Avaliaçäo comparativa da eficácia e tolerância de uma nova forma de administraçäo do Piroxicam (gotas) em afecçöes otorrinolaringológicas / Comparative evaluation of the efficacy and tolerance of new form of piroxicam (drops) in otorhinolaryngologic diseases

Piroxicam (Inflamene), conhecido antiinflamatório foi usado em estudo duplo-cego comparativo ao placebo, em 40 crianças, para observar a atividade terapêutica de sua nova apresentaçäo para uso em gotas. Após sete dias de tratamento, os Autores concluíram que piroxicam em gotas, pela sua ótima açäo analgésica e antiinflamatória, sua longa hemivida plasmática, e ausência de efeitos colateris importantes, deve ser incluído no arsenal terapêutico para tratamento de afecçöes otorrinolaringológicas em crianças