Computerized training system for ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture on abnormal spine models: a randomized controlled trial.

PURPOSE: A randomized controlled trial was carried out to determine whether Perk Tutor, a computerized training platform that displays an ultrasound image and real-time needle position in a three-dimensional (3D) anatomical model, would benefit residents learning ultrasound-guided lumbar puncture (LP) in simulation phantoms with abnormal spinal anatomy. METHODS: Twenty-four residents were randomly assigned to either the Perk Tutor (P) or the Control (C) group and asked to perform an LP with ultrasound guidance on part-task trainers with spinal pathology. Group P was trained with the 3D display along with conventional ultrasound imaging, while Group C used conventional ultrasound only. Both groups were then tested solely with conventional ultrasound guidance on an abnormal spinal model not previously seen. We measured potential tissue damage, needle path in tissue, total procedure time, and needle insertion time. Procedural success rate was a secondary outcome. RESULTS: The needle tracking measurements (expressed as median [interquartile range; IQR]) in Group P vs Group C revealed less potential tissue damage (39.7 [21.3-42.7] cm(2) vs 128.3 [50.3-208.2] cm(2), respectively; difference 88.6; 95% confidence intervals [CI] 24.8 to 193.5; P = 0.01), a shorter needle path inside the tissue (426.0 [164.9-571.6] mm vs 629.7 [306.4-2,879.1] mm, respectively; difference 223.7; 95% CI 76.3 to 1,859.9; P = 0.02), and lower needle insertion time (30.3 [14.0-51.0] sec vs 59.1 [26.0-136.2] sec, respectively; difference 28.8; 95% CI 2.2 to 134.0; P = 0.05). Total procedure time and overall success rates between groups did not differ. CONCLUSION: Residents trained with augmented reality 3D visualization had better performance metrics on ultrasound-guided LP in pathological spine models.

Implementation of a novel night float call system: resident satisfaction and quality of life.

BACKGROUND: Compliance with Professional Association of Internes and Residents of Ontario duty hour guidelines has been problematic at our institution. To facilitate orthopedic residents' ability to go home postcall without significant disruption of ongoing clinical activities, a novel call system was adopted at our tertiary care centre. We sought to evaluate the satisfaction and quality of life of orthopaedic residents with that system. METHODS: We administered questionnaires to on-service residents. These included the Short Form-36 questionnaire and others addressing topics including education, stress, work-related problems and miscellaneous concerns. RESULTS: Seventeen residents were surveyed: 6 who had just completed a night float rotation, and 11 who were on a regular orthopedic service rotation while the night float system was in place. Quality of life was similar between residents on the night float block and those on the standard rotation; it was also similar to age-matched Canadian normative data. Eighty-nine percent of residents agreed that the presence of the night float rotation improved their quality of life on standard rotations, and 100% felt that their education was improved on standard rotations by having the night float system in place. CONCLUSION: This call system results in improved resident quality of life and widespread overall satisfaction, and may be considered as a viable alternative to traditional call formats. Follow-up data as more residents experience the night float block will be valuable.

CONTEXTE: La conformité aux lignes directrices de l'Association professionnelle des résidents et internes de l'Ontario en matière d'horaires de travail pose un problème dans notre établissement. Pour permettre aux résidents en orthopédie de retourner plus facilement à la maison après un appel, sans nuire significativement aux activités cliniques en cours, notre établissement de soins tertiaires s'est doté d'un nouveau système d'appel. Nous avons voulu mesurer la satisfaction des résidents en orthopédie à l'endroit de ce système et évaluer leur qualité de vie. MÉTHODES: Nous avons administré des questionnaires aux résidents de garde, incluant le questionnaire SF-36 (Short Form-36) et d'autres questionnaires sur la formation, le stress, les problèmes liés au travail et diverses autres questions. RÉSULTATS: Dix-sept résidents ont répondu aux questionnaires : 6 venaient de terminer leur garde dans une équipe de nuit et 11 travaillaient selon l'horaire régulier de l'orthopédie pendant que le système de garde de nuit était en place. La qualité de vie a été similaire entre les résidents de l'équipe de garde de nuit et ceux qui suivaient l'horaire régulier; elle s'est également révélée similaire en comparaison avec des données canadiennes assorties selon l'âge. Quatre-vingt-neuf pour cent des résidents se sont dits d'avis que la présence de l'équipe de nuit améliorait leur qualité de vie lors de leurs gardes régulières et 100 % ont estimé que leur formation se trouvait améliorée lors des gardes régulières du fait que le système de garde de nuit était en place. CONCLUSION: Ce système d'appel entraîne une amélioration de la qualité de vie des résidents qui s'en disent globalement satisfaits et pourrait être considéré comme une solution de rechange viable aux types de gardes habituels. À mesure que d'autres résidents participeront à l'équipe de nuit, des données de suivi se révéleront utiles.

The Association between COVID-19 and Changes in Opioid Prescribing Patterns and Opioid-Related Overdoses: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: Recent data suggest that restrictions related to COVID-19 resulted in changes in the prescribing patterns of opioids. Aims: We sought to analyze Ontario health data for changes in frequencies among new and continuing users for the following opioid prescription characteristics: the type of opioid, the average daily dose, and the prescriber's specialty. Methods: Utilizing data on the Ontario Health Data Platform, we defined two 149-day windows as "before" and "after" based on the initial COVID-19 provincial lockdown. A total of 882,268 individuals met our inclusion criteria and were classified as either "new" or "continuing" users. Chi-square tests and Fisher's exact tests were applied for each level of our primary outcomes to determine whether there were significant changes in prescription proportions before and after the lockdown. Results: A decline of 28% was observed for the number of new users after the lockdown. Statistically significant changes were observed for new users across almost all opioid prescription characteristics between the before and after windows. The proportion of new users who received at least one dispensing event from a pharmacist increased by 26.32%, whereas continuing users increased by 378.61%. There were no statistically significant shifts in opioid prescriptions among individuals with a reported toxicity event during the study period. Conclusions: In terms of opioid prescribing patterns, new users experienced greater change following the onset of the pandemic lockdown than continuing users. Our findings potentially showcase the unintended impacts that COVID-19-related restrictions had on non-COVID-19-related health services, which can inform future policy decisions.

Contexte: Des données récentes indiquent que les restrictions liées à la COVID-19 ont entrainé des changements dans la prescription des opioïdes.Objectifs: Nous avons cherché à analyser les données sur la santé de l'Ontario pour déceler les changements de fréquence chez les nouveaux utilisateurs et les utilisateurs prévalents pour les caractéristiques de prescription d'opioïdes suivantes : le type d'opioïde, la dose quotidienne moyenne, et la spécialité du prescripteur.Méthodes: En utilisant les données de la plateforme de données sur la santé de l'Ontario, nous avons défini deux fenêtres de 149 jours comme suit : « avant ¼ et « après ¼ le confinement provincial initial de la COVID-19. Un total de 882 268 personnes ont répondu à nos critères d'inclusion et ont été classées comme « nouveaux utilisateurs ¼ ou « utilisateurs prévalents ¼. Des tests de chi-carré et des tests exacts de Fisher ont été appliqués pour chaque niveau de nos résultats primaires afin de déterminer s'il y avait eu des changements importants dans les proportions prescrites avant et après le confinement.Résultats: Une baisse de 28 % a été observée pour le nombre de nouveaux utilisateurs après le confinement.Des changements statistiquement significatifs ont été observés pour les nouveaux utilisateurs pour presque toutes les caractéristiques de prescriptions d'opioïdes entre les fenêtres avant et après. La proportion de nouveaux utilisateurs ayant eu au moins une prescription remplie par un pharmacien a augmenté de 26,32 %, tandis que le nombre d'utilisateurs prévalents a augmenté de 378,61 %. Il n'y a pas eu de changements statistiquement significatifs dans les prescriptions d'opioïdes parmi les personnes ayant déclaré un évènement de ⁠toxicité au cours de la période d'étude.Conclusions: En matière de modèles de prescription d'opioïdes, les nouveaux utilisateurs ont connu un changement plus important après le début du confinement de la pandémie que les utilisateurs prévalents. Nos résultats démontrent possiblement les répercussions inattendues des restrictions liées à la COVID-19 sur les services de santé non liés à la COVID-19, ce qui pourrait éclairer les décisions politiques futures.

Surgeon-driven neurophysiologic monitoring in a spinal surgery population.

BACKGROUND: This is a prospective observational study examining the use of a surgeon-driven intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring system. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is becoming the standard of care for spinal surgeries with potential post-operative neurologic deficits. This standard applies to both adult and pediatric spinal surgery, but a shortage of appropriately trained and certified technologists and physiologists can compromise monitoring capabilities in some centers. A surgeon-driven, intra-operative monitoring system in the absence of a technologist or physiologist was examined for safety and efficacy. METHODS: One hundred thirty-five patients undergoing a variety of spinal procedures were monitored intra-operatively using a surgeon-driven neuro-monitoring system over a period of 80 months. Intraoperative monitoring included serial motor evoked potentials via an automated system that provided visual and audible feedback directly to the operative surgeon. Changes in monitoring and any corresponding surgical responses were evaluated and compared with postoperative neurological status. RESULTS: Of the 135 patients studied, intraoperative adjustments based on neuro-monitoring took place in four patients (3.0%): following reduction in spondylolisthesis, during instrumentation and fusion for a large kyphoscoliosis deformity, due to low hemoglobin, and because of traction. In all cases, surgical and/or anaesthetic modification restored MEPs toward baseline values. The accuracy of the neuro-monitoring results was sensitive to narcotics, benzodiazepines and changes in haemoglobin concentrations. No new postoperative deficits were observed in any patients in the cohort. CONCLUSIONS: The authors concluded that surgeon-driven neuro-monitoring was a safe and effective means of intraoperative neuro-monitoring during spinal surgery. It reliably detected intraoperative insults, which could potentially have resulted in postoperative neurologic compromise, and was not associated with any false-negative results in this cohort. Utility of surgeon-driven monitoring, using validated algorithms, may provide an option for this added safety measure even in cases where monitoring personnel are unavailable.

Spinal curvature measurement by tracked ultrasound snapshots.

Monitoring spinal curvature in adolescent kyphoscoliosis requires regular radiographic examinations; however, the applied ionizing radiation increases the risk of cancer. Ultrasound imaging is favored over radiography because it does not emit ionizing radiation. Therefore, we tested an ultrasound system for spinal curvature measurement, with the help of spatial tracking of the ultrasound transducer. Tracked ultrasound was used to localize vertebral transverse processes as landmarks along the spine to measure curvature angles. The method was tested in two scoliotic spine models by localizing the same landmarks using both ultrasound and radiographic imaging and comparing the angles obtained. A close correlation was found between tracked ultrasound and radiographic curvature measurements. Differences between results of the two methods were 1.27 ± 0.84° (average ± SD) in an adult model and 0.96 ± 0.87° in a pediatric model. Our results suggest that tracked ultrasound may become a more tolerable and more accessible alternative to radiographic spine monitoring in adolescent kyphoscoliosis.

Spinal needle navigation by tracked ultrasound snapshots.

PURPOSE: Ultrasound (US) guidance in facet joint injections has been reported previously as an alternative to imaging modalities with ionizing radiation. However, this technique has not been adopted in the clinical routine, due to difficulties in the visualization of the target joint in US and simultaneous manipulation of the needle. METHODS: We propose a technique to increase targeting accuracy and efficiency in facet joint injections. This is achieved by electromagnetically tracking the positions of the US transducer and the needle, and recording tracked US snapshots (TUSS). The needle is navigated using the acquired US snapshots. RESULTS: In cadaveric lamb model, the success rate of facet joint injections by five orthopedic surgery residents significantly increased from 44.4% with freehand US guidance to 93.3% with TUSS guidance. Needle insertion time significantly decreased from 47.9 ± 34.2 s to 36.1 ± 28.7 s (mean ± SD). In a synthetic human spine model, a success rate of 96.7% was achieved with TUSS. The targeting accuracy of the presented system in a gel phantom was 1.03 ± 0.48 mm (mean ± SD). CONCLUSION: Needle guidance with TUSS improves the success rate and time efficiency in spinal facet joint injections. This technique readily translates also to other spinal needle placement applications.