Does nasogastric tube decompression get used less often with laparoscopic and hand-assisted compared with open colectomy?

INTRODUCTION: Laparoscopic surgery is associated with well-known benefits, one of which is earlier return of bowel function. Since the laparoscopic approach to colon resections was introduced in the early 1990s, it has become the standard of care. Hand-assisted laparoscopic surgery (HALS) is a surgical approach in which dissection is facilitated by the surgeon's hand within the abdominal cavity during laparoscopy. The purpose of this study was to compare the incidence of postoperative ileus and the need for nasogastric tube (NGT) decompression in patients undergoing elective colon resections. METHODS AND PROCEDURES: Following institutional review board approval, we performed a retrospective review of a prospectively collected database. Included were patients who underwent elective left-sided large bowel resections between 2009 and 2012. Exclusion criteria were urgent operation, stoma creation, ASA IV classification, NGT left in place at the end of surgery, and postoperative anastomotic leakage. Patients were divided into three groups: laparoscopic surgery, HALS, and open surgery. We evaluated the incidence of postoperative ileus and the use of nasogastric decompression in each group. RESULTS: A total of 243 patients were included in this study; 73 patients underwent open surgery, 89 patients underwent HALS, and 81 patients underwent laparoscopic surgery. The proportion of patients who needed postoperative nasogastric decompression was significantly reduced in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery (3.7%) or HALS (4.5%) compared with those who underwent open resection (17.8%). The time from surgery to first flatus and first bowel movement, the time to tolerate solid diet, and the total length of postoperative hospital stay also were all significantly reduced in the laparoscopic and HALS groups compared with the open surgery group. There were no significant differences in any of these measures between the laparoscopic group and the hand-assisted group. CONCLUSIONS: Like laparoscopy, HALS is associated with less postoperative ileus and necessitates less NGT decompression than does open surgery.

Patient Characteristics Associated with Comfort Care among Trauma Patients at a Level I Trauma Center.

Trauma patients admitted to the intensive care unit are a unique population with high mortality. This study aims to identify characteristics predicting the likelihood of progressing to palliative management often referred to as comfort care measures, thus enabling the trauma team to broach end-of-life decisions earlier in these patients' care. This is a retrospective analysis of the prospectively collected New York State Trauma Registry database for a single Level I trauma center for patients admitted from 2008 to 2015. During this time, a total of 13,662 patients were admitted to the trauma service and there were 827 deaths, resulting in a crude annual mortality rate of approximately 6 per cent. Approximately one-half of the total mortalities, 404 of 827 (48.9%), were ultimately designated as comfort care. Univariate analysis identified the following risk factors for comfort care designation: advanced age, multiple comorbidities, blunt trauma mechanism, traumatic brain injury, and admission location. Multivariate analysis confirmed advanced age and traumatic brain injury. Subgroup analysis also identified advanced directives, pre-existing dementia, and bleeding disorders as significant associations with comfort care designation. The identification of factors predicting comfort care will result in improved care planning and resource utilization.