RESUMO
GlaxoSmithKline and Astex Pharmaceuticals recently disclosed the discovery of the potent H-PGDS inhibitor GSK2894631A 1a (IC50 = 9.9 nM) as part of a fragment-based drug discovery collaboration with Astex Pharmaceuticals. This molecule exhibited good murine pharmacokinetics, allowing it to be utilized to explore H-PGDS pharmacology in vivo. Yet, with prolonged dosing at higher concentrations, 1a induced CNS toxicity. Looking to attenuate brain penetration in this series, aza-quinolines, were prepared with the intent of increasing polar surface area. Nitrogen substitutions at the 6- and 8-positions of the quinoline were discovered to be tolerated by the enzyme. Subsequent structure activity studies in these aza-quinoline scaffolds led to the identification of 1,8-naphthyridine 1y (IC50 = 9.4 nM) as a potent peripherally restricted H-PGDS inhibitor. Compound 1y is efficacious in four in vivo inflammatory models and exhibits no CNS toxicity.
Assuntos
Compostos Aza/química , Inibidores Enzimáticos/química , Quinolinas/química , Animais , Sítios de Ligação , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Sobrevivência Celular/efeitos dos fármacos , Cristalografia por Raios X , Estabilidade de Medicamentos , Inibidores Enzimáticos/metabolismo , Inibidores Enzimáticos/farmacologia , Humanos , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/antagonistas & inibidores , Oxirredutases Intramoleculares/metabolismo , Cinética , Masculino , Camundongos , Camundongos Endogâmicos C57BL , Simulação de Dinâmica Molecular , Músculo Esquelético/química , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Ratos , Relação Estrutura-AtividadeRESUMO
Modulation of the androgen receptor has the potential to be an effective treatment for hypogonadism, andropause, and associated conditions such as sarcopenia, osteoporosis, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and sexual dysfunction. Side effects associated with classical anabolic steroid treatments have driven the quest for drugs that demonstrate improved therapeutic profiles. Novel, non-steroidal compounds that show tissue selective activity and improved pharmacokinetic properties have been developed. This review provides an overview of current advances in the development of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs).
Assuntos
Antagonistas de Receptores de Andrógenos , Androgênios , Desenho de Fármacos , Antagonistas de Androgênios/química , Antagonistas de Androgênios/farmacologia , Animais , HumanosRESUMO
A series of selective androgen receptor modulators (SARMs) containing the 1-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl alcohol core have been optimized for androgen receptor (AR) potency and drug-like properties. We have taken advantage of the lipophilic ligand efficiency (LLE) parameter as a guide to interpret the effect of structural changes on AR activity. Over the course of optimization efforts the LLE increased over 3 log units leading to a SARM 43 with nanomolar potency, good aqueous kinetic solubility (>700 µM), and high oral bioavailability in rats (83%).
RESUMO
A series of thiazoloquin(az)olinones were synthesized and found to have potent inhibitory activity against CD38. Several of these compounds were also shown to have good pharmacokinetic properties and demonstrated the ability to elevate NAD levels in plasma, liver, and muscle tissue. In particular, compound 78c was given to diet induced obese (DIO) C57Bl6 mice, elevating NAD > 5-fold in liver and >1.2-fold in muscle versus control animals at a 2 h time point. The compounds described herein possess the most potent CD38 inhibitory activity of any small molecules described in the literature to date. The inhibitors should allow for a more detailed assessment of how NAD elevation via CD38 inhibition affects physiology in NAD deficient states.