Responses of Chemosensory Perception to Stimulation of the Human Brain.

OBJECTIVE: Significant advances have been made in our understanding of the neural substrates of human chemosensory processing, involving the piriform cortex, insula, and orbitofrontal cortex. However, the important and challenging issues are to localize the brain regions with high anatomic precision that can causally produce chemosensory perception and further delineate the topography of different classifications of chemosensory perception. METHODS: We quantitatively measured subjective responses of chemosensory perception to intracranial electrical stimulation over the brain in neurosurgical patients (n = 302) with medically refractory epilepsy. RESULTS: The chemosensory perceptions including olfaction, gustation, and chemesthesis were elicited in 21 of 302 patients (7%). Chemosensory responses were evoked in 53 (0.2%) of 21,661 stimulated sites. The highest response rate (1.8%) was in the insula (37/2,051 stimulated sites from 15/163 patients). The chemosensory perception emerged predominantly during stimulation of the insula along the central sulcus axis. Notably, there existed a distinct pattern that the anteroventral insula predominately represented orthonasal olfaction, whereas different chemosensory modalities converged in the mid-dorsal insula. INTERPRETATION: This study provided a detailed characterization of chemosensory perception across the brain, especially in the insula. These results suggest that the cortex along the banks of the central sulcus of the insula may play a role in producing the supramodal sensation of flavor. It also indicates that dysfunction of the central insula should be considered during the evaluation of chemosensory-related epileptic seizures. ANN NEUROL 2023;93:175-183.

ZWINT promotes the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells by regulating the p53/p21 signaling pathway.

Cervical cancer leads to 300,000 deaths annually and the mechanism of cervical carcinogenesis remains unclear. Zeste White 10-interacting kinetochore protein (ZWINT) is uniquely elevated in malignancies, promoting proliferation, migration, and colony formation of cancer cells. To investigate the role of ZWINT in proliferation, migration, invasion of cervical cancer, and evaluate the potential ability of ZWINT as a therapeutic target. First, ZWINT expression in cervical cancer was analyzed using the bioinformatic methods and assessed in several cervical cancer cell lines. The cell viability and colony formation assays were used to evaluate cell proliferation. Then, transwell assay was performed to investigate cell migration and invasion. Moreover, western blot was used to measure the expression level of ZWINT, matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9), N-cadherin, E-cadherin, p53 and p21 in CaSki and HeLa cells with ZWINT overexpression or knockdown. The bioinformatic analysis and western blot assay revealed the expression of ZWINT was significantly increased in cervical cancer. The cell viability and colony formation analysis illustrated that cell proliferation could be promoted by ZWINT overexpression and suppressed by ZWINT knockdown. Moreover, ZWINT promoted migration and invasion of CaSki and HeLa cells, through regulating the expression of MMP-9, N-cadherin, and E-cadherin. Furthermore, ZWINT attenuated the expression of p53 and p21 in cervical cancer cells. In summary, ZWINT functions in promoting cell proliferation, migration, and invasion of cervical cancer cells by suppressing p53/p21 signaling pathway, which indicated ZWINT is a potential therapeutic target for cervical cancer treatment.

LncRNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 (OIP5-AS1) promotes the migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) through targeting miR-147a/insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) pathway in cervical cancer tissues and cell model.

BACKGROUND: Two factors involved in regulation, long noncoding RNA Opa interacting protein 5-antisense RNA 1 (lncRNA OIP5-AS1) and microRNA-147a, were found in cervical cancer. Therefore, the investigation of the specific regulation of miR-147a by OIP5-AS1 was performed in cervical cancer. METHOD: The cervical cancer tissues were collected from patients with cervical cancer (n = 50). The expression of OIP5-AS1, miR-147a, proteins in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) were measured by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCT) or western blotting. Cell motility and the relationship between OIP5-AS1 and miR-147a were detected or analyzed by wound healing test, Transwell assay, dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA binding protein immunoprecipitation assay or Pearson correlation in OIP5-AS1, or miR-147a over-expressed and/or suppressed cervical cancer cells. RESULTS: OIP5-AS1 showed the high-expression and miR-147a showed the low-expression in tumor tissues collected from patients with cervical cancer and cell lines Hela, CaSki, Siha, and ME-180. The low-expression of OIP5-AS1 suppressed the motility of Caski cells, as well as up-regulated the level of E-cadherin, which a key protein in EMT. There were targeting sites between miR-147a and OIP5-AS1. OIP5-AS1 induced the down-regulation of miR-147a, so miR-147a was inversely correlated with OIP5-AS1. The down-regulation of miR-147a increased IGF1R and E-cadherin, and these increases were alleviated by OIP5-AS1 knockdown. CONCLUSION: LncRNA OIP5-AS1 promotes the migration, invasion and EMT of cervical cancer cells via targeting miR-147a/IGF1R pathway.

Directed regulation of anammox communities based on exogenous siderophores for highly efficient nitrogen removal.

It is expected that the quicker domestication of anaerobic ammonia oxidation (anammox) communities and the enhancement of their nitrogen transformation capability can be achieved through targeted regulation of anammox communities. Iron cast a vital role in the growth and metabolism of anammox bacteria. Specific siderophores offer promising prospects for the targeted regulation of anammox communities by facilitating the efficient utilization of iron. Two siderophores-enterobactin and putrebactin-exclusively for Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia were developed to specifically regulate anammox communities towards different directions, respectively. Anammox communities in the reactors evoluted targetedly towards Ca. Brocadia-dominated communities and Ca. Kuenenia-dominated communities, respectively, leading to a maximum increase in community nitrogen removal capacity by 84.64±0.55% and 210.26±0.57%, respectively, under different nitrogen concentrations. It was indicated that siderophores could regulate anammox communities by redistributing iron resources in a targeted manner based on the analyses of transcriptome and proteome. This study provides novel insights into the rational selection and utilization of exogenous siderophores as an effective implement to manipulate anammox communities and create communities with high nitrogen removal ability fleetly.

Affinity difference determines the assembly and interaction mode of anammox community reconstructed by siderophores.

Anammox community is the core of anammox process. The constancy of the anammox community determines the stability of the anammox process and the ability of withstand environmental impact. Community stability is influenced by the assembly and interaction mode of the community. This study aimed to explore the assembly, interaction mode, and stability of anammox community influenced by two siderophores (enterobactin and putrebactin) specific for Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia as produced in our previous research. Siderophores improved the stability of the anammox community, among which vulnerability dropped by 30.02 % and 72.53 % respectively. Enterobactin and putrebactin altered the succession speed and assembly pattern of communities, with a respective increase of 9.77 % and 80.87 % in the deterministic process of anammox community assembly, respectively. Enterobactin and putrebactin reduced the dependence of Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia on companion bacteria by 60 items and 27 items respectively. The affinity of different siderophore-Fe with bacterial membrane receptors caused variations in community reconstruction, with Ca. Brocadia and Ca. Kuenenia exhibiting the highest affinity with enterobactin-Fe (-11.4 kcal/mol) and putrebactin-Fe (-9.0 kcal/mol), respectively. This study demonstrated how siderophores can enhance the stability of anammox process by regulating assembly and interaction mode of anammox community, while also revealing the underlying molecular mechanisms.

Application of Laparoscopy in Comprehensive Staging Operation of Ovarian Cancer Based on Electronic Medical Blockchain Technology.

Ovarian cancer has always entangled most women. Studies have shown that the prevalence of ovarian cancer ranks third in female reproductive malignancies, and the mortality rate has always been the highest. The reason is mainly because the diagnosis and treatment of preovarian cancer has always been a big problem. However, the emergence of laparoscopy can well solve this problem, especially laparoscopy assisted by blockchain technology, which plays a huge role in the overall staging of ovarian cancer. This article proposes the application research of laparoscopy in the comprehensive staging of ovarian cancer based on electronic medical blockchain technology. First of all, this article uses the literature method to study the clinical characteristics and surgical classification of ovarian cancer, as well as the application status of blockchain technology and laparoscopic technology. Secondly, it designed an application experiment based on electronic medical blockchain technology to assist laparoscopy in the comprehensive staging of ovarian cancer and analyzed the comparison of the laparoscopic group and the control group in the comprehensive staging of ovarian cancer. The results of the study showed that the amount of bleeding in the laparoscopic group was 103.5 ml, while the amount of bleeding in the control group was 141.1 ml; the proportion of tertiary pain in the laparoscopic group was 11.37%, and the proportion of tertiary pain in the control group was 31.82%. From this, it can be seen that, in the comprehensive staging operation for ovarian cancer, the laparoscopic group has less intraoperative blood loss than the control group and lower pain, and the treatment effect is better.

LINC00319 Promotes Cervical Cancer Progression Via Targeting miR-147a/IGF1R Pathway.

Background: Cervical cancer is identified as the fourth most common female malignancy worldwide. Recently, Linc00319 was reported to play an important role in the development and progression of cervical cancer. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism and clinical significance of Linc00319 in the carcinogenesis of cervical cancer. This study aims to reveal the biological function and molecular mechanisms of Linc00319 in cell proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer. Materials and Methods: In the current study, gene expression levels of Linc00319, miR-147a, and IFG1R were detected by quantitative real-time PCR in clinical tissue samples and cervical cancer cell lines. Protein levels were also determined by western blot assay in cervical cancer cells. CCK-8, transwell, and wound healing assays were used to test the proliferation, invasion, and migration of cervical cancer cell lines in vitro. Target genes were predicted through bioinformatics methods and then verified by gene engineering technology. Results: The authors' results showed that Linc00319 was upregulated in cervical cancer tissues and cell lines, while Linc00319silencing could inhibit cervical cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and migration. Further investigations showed that Linc00319 interacted with miR-147a and inhibited its expression, unregulated IGF1R to induce progression of cervical cancer. Conclusions: Their research indicated that Linc00319 might play an oncogenic role in cervical cancer and regulate the progression of cervical tumor growth by inhibiting the expression of miR-147a and activating IGF1R-related pathway. The findings suggest a novel molecular biomarker and therapeutic target for cervical tumor and may provide a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing the metastasis of cervical cancer.