Analysing environmental opinion using highly customisable visualisation tools to understand citizens' attitudes and barriers.

Knowledge of public opinion is key to understanding citizens' attitudes towards environmental policies. However, large polls and surveys generate complex datasets from which it is not always easy to draw conclusions. In addition, tailor-made solutions for analysing public opinion face the challenge of handling too many layers of information, which can easily lead to an overwhelming user experience and impair decision-making. Service design methodologies can support the design of ad hoc visualisation tools focused on user needs. We present Op-e-nion, a case study of a visualisation tool for the analysis of public opinion regarding environmental issues, aimed at administrations and public institutions. The involvement of experts from different fields allowed for the identification of the main metrics necessary to target the least engaged socio-demographic groups as well as the barriers that limited their environmental actions. Experts also highlighted useful aspects of the design process and the final prototype to help them define more effective campaigns and policies to address social challenges and promote citizen action. An innovative step was introduced in the methodology by involving non-state actors in the evaluation of the tool, ensuring problem detection and enhancing the sustainability of the final product. Important aspects for the visualisation of multi-categorical data included simplifying the interaction with the tool while prioritising relevant information, and using highly customizable visualisations to answer specific user requirements and changing needs (i.e. analytical vs. managerial tasks). Improved visualisations of public opinion data will, in turn, better support the development of policies shaped by citizens' concerns.

Measuring the Effectiveness of Static Maps to Communicate Changes Over Time.

Both in digital and print media, it is common to use static maps to show the evolution of values in various regions over time. The ability to communicate local or global trends, while reducing the cognitive load on readers, is of vital importance for an audience that is not always well versed in map interpretation. This study aims to measure the efficiency of four static maps (choropleth, tile grid map and their banded versions) to test their usefulness in presenting changes over time from a user experience perspective. We first evaluate the effectiveness of these map types by quantitative performance analysis (time and success rates). In a second phase, we gather qualitative data to detect which type of map favors decision-making. On a quantitative level, our results show that certain types of maps work better to show global trends, while other types are more useful when analyzing regional trends or detecting the regions that fit a specific pattern. On a qualitative level, those representations which are already familiar to the user are often better valued despite having lower measured success rates.

Racial fantasies and the primal scene of miscegenation.

The primal scene, theorized by Freud in his case history of the Wolf Man, is a fantasy scenario thoroughly embedded in social relations. While pursuing his analysis of oedipal structures in the Wolf Man's case history, Freud overlooked social relations, downplaying the importance of racial and class difference in the Wolf Man's sexual etiology. In this essay, I trace the circulation of two fantasy structures: 'the primal scene of miscegenation' and 'A black man is being beaten,' both of which structure desire in both Freud 's era and our own. I interpret Fanon's work on racial subjectivity alongside Freud 's theory of fantasy to elucidate the interconnected nature of racial and sexual difference in both Freud and Fanon's theories. The racial fantasies proposed in this essay have application to clinical settings, where they may structure transference and countertransference.

Enhancing Nurses' Oral Therapy Practice in 4 Latin American Countries: A Collaborative and Participatory Approach.

BACKGROUND: Oral therapy (OT) use for cancer is increasing globally. Yet, nurses in 4 Latin American countries lacked knowledge and educational opportunities to safely care for people receiving OTs. Global partnerships to contextualize education and create local capacity may enhance nursing practice. OBJECTIVE: Within 4 Latin American countries, this study aims to (1) develop, deliver, and evaluate an OT cancer nursing education program and (2) evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of using an integrated knowledge translation (iKT) framework to develop the program and foster nurses' capacity for OT care. METHODS: Using the iKT framework, a "train the trainer" model was used to develop, contextualize, pilot test, implement, and evaluate the OT education program. An online survey evaluated nurses' perceived benefits, ease of use, barriers, facilitators, and recommendations for improvement. Nurses' self-reported OT practices were evaluated 9 months after the final workshop. RESULTS: One hundred nineteen nurses across 4 countries participated in a pilot and/or final OT educational workshop, facilitated by 6 local nurse champions. The nurse champions found the program easy to use and modify. Participants reported using the curriculum to teach other nurses and patients and networking opportunities for problem solving. Barriers included nurses' role clarity and time for education. CONCLUSIONS: The iKT approach was an effective method to develop the OT curriculum and build OT capacity among nurses and leaders within the 4 countries. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The iKT approach may be useful in low- or middle-income countries to enhance nursing education and practice. Future OT education projects should strengthen strategies for ongoing support after education intervention.

The nurse's role in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting: an international survey.

BACKGROUND: Nurses play a substantial role in the prevention and management of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV). OBJECTIVES: This study set out to describe nurses' roles in the prevention and management of CINV and to identify any gaps that exist across countries. METHODS: A self-reported survey was completed by 458 registered nurses who administered chemotherapy to cancer patients in Australia, China, Hong Kong, and 9 Latin American countries. RESULTS: More than one-third of participants regarded their own knowledge of CINV as fair to poor. Most participants (>65%) agreed that chemotherapy-induced nausea and chemotherapy-induced vomiting should be considered separately (79%), but only 35% were confident in their ability to manage chemotherapy-induced nausea (53%) or chemotherapy-induced vomiting (59%). Only one-fifth reported frequent use of a standardized CINV assessment tool and only a quarter used international clinical guidelines to manage CINV. CONCLUSIONS: Participants perceived their own knowledge of CINV management to be insufficient. They recognized the need to develop and use a standardized CINV assessment tool and the importance of adopting international guidelines to inform the management of CINV. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: Findings indicate that international guidelines should be made available to nurses in clinically relevant and easily accessible formats, that a review of chemotherapy assessment tools should be undertaken to identify reliable and valid measures amenable to use in a clinical settings, and that a CINV risk screening tool should be developed as a prompt for nurses to enable timely identification of and intervention for patients at high risk of CINV.

Gasto fecal en niños estables con intestino corto / Fecal output in children with short bowel syndrome

Introducción. El síndrome de intestino corto produce malabsorción intestinal de nutrimientos líquidos y electrolíticos. El objetivo de este estudio fue conocer el gasto fecal de niños con intestino corto (IC) en períodos de estabilidad clínica. Material y métodos. Se revisaron las hojas de registro diario de gasto fecal (GF) por kilo de peso en niños con IC. Se definió período de estabilidad clínica (ES) como: 7 días sin infección, substancias reductoras en evacuación < a ++ y sin alteraciones metabólicas- hidroelectrolíticas. Resultados. La mediana de edad fue de 3 meses (1- 55) y de estancia 3.4 meses (0.8- 24). Hubo 98 períodos de ES, donde la mediana de GF fue 3 1.5 g/kg/día y por grupo de alimentación: nutrición parenteral (NPT) exclusiva 1 1.86 ± 13.48 g/kg/día, NPT + fórmula semielemental 38.18 ± 14.34 g/kg/día, NPT + fórmula elemental 33.04 ± 14.81 g/kg/día, NPT + fórmula modular de pollo 22.62 ± 8.9 g/kg/día. Conclusiones. El GF en niños estables con IC fue de 3 1.5 g/kg/día. La fórmula modular de pollo más NPT parece la mejor opción para el tratamiento nutricio de los niños con intestino corto.

Introduction. The aim of this work was to determine the fecal output in a group of 14 children with short bowel. Material and methods. Fecal output (FO) was measured and registered daily in a specially designed sheet and expressed as g/kg of weight per day. Fecal output was measured during a clinical stability period defined as 7 days without infection, absent or minimal reducing substances and no metabolic or hydro electrolytic abnormalities. Results. Age varied from one to 55 months with a median of 3 months.The median FO was 3 1.5 g/kg/day in a 98 period of clinical stability. Median FO was 1 1.86 ± 13.48 g/kg/day in patients under total parenteral nutrition (TPN) 38.18 ± 14.34 g/kg/day in children receiving TPN plus semielemental formula, 33.04 ± 14.81 in TPN plus elemental formula, and 22.62 ± 8.9 g/kg/day in those receiving TPN plus a chicken based formula. Conclusions. The median FO was 3 1.5 g/kg/day and TPN plus chicken based formula appeared to be the most effective dietary combination.