RESUMO
INTRODUCTION: Tuberculin skin testing (TST) for tuberculosis (TB) is recommended for all patients with HIV infection because of the known relationship between these two conditions. In this report we analyze the incidence and variables associated with non-prescription of TST in a cohort of HIV-infected people. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Longitudinal study conducted between 2000 and 2002 at 10 HIV hospital-based clinics. All HIV-infected patients who had not been regularly followed-up previously in dedicated clinics were identified. Data about TST and other variables related to TB were obtained from the clinical records. We calculated the percentage of patients who did not undergo TST and the associated factors, using odds ratios (ORs) and the 95% CI to investigate associations. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed. RESULTS: A total of 1242 patients met the inclusion criteria. TST was not performed in 185 patients (17.6% of those eligible). The fact of being an intravenous drug abuser was associated with a higher probability of TST non-prescription (OR: 2.6, 95% CI 1.1-6.5), whereas being unemployed (OR: 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-1.0), having a CD4 cell count >200 (CD4 200-499: OR 0.5, 95% CI 0.3-0.9. CD4> or =500: OR 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.6), and contact with persons with TB (OR 0.2, 95% CI 0.1-0.5) were associated with a lower probability. CONCLUSIONS: In this study, the percentage of TST non-prescription was quite high. The results suggest that TST non-prescription in this population is related to the clinicians' expectations regarding the results of the test and the patients' adherence to treatment for latent TB infection.
Assuntos
Infecções por HIV/complicações , Teste Tuberculínico/estatística & dados numéricos , Tuberculose/diagnóstico , Adulto , Estudos de Coortes , Comorbidade , Diagnóstico Tardio , Testes Diagnósticos de Rotina/estatística & dados numéricos , Emigrantes e Imigrantes/estatística & dados numéricos , Feminino , Fidelidade a Diretrizes , Infecções por HIV/epidemiologia , Humanos , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Fatores de Risco , Comportamento Sexual , Fatores Socioeconômicos , Espanha/epidemiologia , Abuso de Substâncias por Via Intravenosa/epidemiologia , Reação Transfusional , Tuberculose/complicações , Tuberculose/epidemiologia , Adulto JovemRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The Recover Study is an ongoing, prospective study designed 10 to assess toxicity associated with the use of nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) (stavudine, zidovudine, lamivudine, didanosine, abacavir) in HIV-1-infected patients receiving highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in routine clinical practice. This project is being conducted at 120 HIV units at teaching hospitals across Spain. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to identify the most common treatment-limiting 10 moderate to severe clinical and laboratory adverse effects (AEs), and the individual NRTIs involved in the development of these effects, in HIV-1-infected patients receiving HAART who discontinued use of an NRTI in the Recover Study. METHODS: Patients eligible for participation in the Recover Study are aged10 ≥18 years; have virologically documented HIV-1 infection; have sustained viral suppression (viral load <200 cells/mL or stable, heavily experienced [ie, have received ≥3 antiretroviral regimens] patients with viral load <5000 cells/mL) for ≥6 months; are receiving HAART; are undergoing active follow-up; and have developed 2:1 NRTI-associated AE that, in the opinion of a study investigator and under the conditions of routine clinical practice, justified discontinuation of treatment with the offending drug (principal AE/offending NRTI). The present study included patients recruited for the Recover Study between September 2002 and May 2003. RESULTS: A total of 1391 patients were enrolled (966 men, 425 women; mean 1 age, 42 years [range, 18-67 years]). Five hundred six patients (36.4%) had been diagnosed with AIDS. The mean duration of treatment with the offending NRTI was 74 months (range, 6-156 months). Seven hundred nine patients (51.0%) were receiving fourth-line (or more) therapy. Eight hundred twenty-one patients (59.0%) were receiving nonnucleoside analogues, and 552 patients (39.7%), protease inhibitors, as components of their HAART regimens. The NRTIs with the highest discontinuation rates were stavudine (914 patients [65.7%]) and zidovudine (177 [12.7%]). The most frequent NRTI-related AEs were lipoatrophy (550 patients [39.5%]) and peripheral neuropathy (170 [12.2%]). Lipoatrophy was most commonly associated with stavudine (480/550 cases [87.3%]); periph eral neuropathy, with stavudine and didanosine (107/170 [62.9%] and 48/170 [28.2%] cases, respectively); and anemia, with zidovudine (70/77 cases [90.9%]). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study in patients with HIV-1 recruited in the10 Recover Study and undergoing HAART suggest that long-term treatment with NRTIs is associated with AEs (lipoatrophy, peripheral neuropathy, and lipodystrophy), with morphologic disorders (lipoatrophy, lipodystrophy) being the most common AEs leading to discontinuation. Minimizing these AEs by switching to an NRTI not associated with these AEs (eg, tenofovir) would contribute to adherence and hence efficacy of long-term HAART.