RESUMO
Western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) is a mosquitoborne virus that reemerged in December 2023 in Argentina and Uruguay, causing a major outbreak. We investigated the outbreak using epidemiologic, entomological, and genomic analyses, focusing on WEEV circulation near the ArgentinaâUruguay border in Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. During November 2023âApril 2024, the outbreak in Argentina and Uruguay resulted in 217 human cases, 12 of which were fatal, and 2,548 equine cases. We determined cases on the basis of laboratory and clinical epidemiologic criteria. We characterized 3 fatal equine cases caused by a novel WEEV lineage identified through a nearly complete coding sequence analysis, which we propose as lineage C. Our findings highlight the importance of continued surveillance and equine vaccination to control future WEEV outbreaks in South America.
Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Oeste , Epidemiologia Molecular , Filogenia , Animais , Vírus da Encefalite Equina do Oeste/genética , Humanos , Cavalos , Uruguai/epidemiologia , América do Sul/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/epidemiologia , Doenças dos Cavalos/virologia , Masculino , Encefalomielite Equina do Oeste/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina do Oeste/virologia , Feminino , Argentina/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/epidemiologia , Encefalomielite Equina/virologia , Encefalomielite Equina/veterinária , AdultoRESUMO
During the ongoing western equine encephalitis virus (WEEV) outbreak in South America, we described three fatal cases in horses from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. We sequenced WEEV strains and identified a novel lineage causing these cases. Continued surveillance and horse immunization are needed to mitigate the WEEV burden.
RESUMO
In 2019, a new coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was detected in China. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was capable to infect domestic and captive mammals like cats, tigers and minks. Due to genetic similarities, concern about the infection of non-human primates (NHPs) and the establishment of a sylvatic cycle has grown in the Americas. In this study, neotropical primates (NP) were sampled in different areas from Brazil to investigate whether they were infected by SARS-CoV-2. A total of 89 samples from 51 NP of four species were examined. No positive samples were detected via RT-qPCR, regardless of the NHP species, tissue or habitat tested. This work provides the first report on the lack of evidence of the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 in NP. The expansion of wild animals sampling is necessary to understand their role in the epidemiology of SARS-CoV-2 and other potentially zoonotic pathogens in natural environments shared by humans.