Emancipatory practices of nurses in primary health care: the home visit as an instrument of health needs assessment.

Objective Identify nurses' emancipatory practices in primary care, to contribute to the improvement of health care. Method A case study type social research of qualitative nature, in which nurses of a primary health care service unit in São Paulo were interviewed. Results The home visit was identified as a nursing practice possible to be expanded in order to identify social determinants of health, triggering emancipatory practices in the service. This expansion occurred because the design of health care labour intended by the service team changed its focus from the traditional object of health services, the disease. Conclusion First, it is advocated that social policies lead projects with the purpose of improving health needs. On the other hand, the daily labour needs to provide opportunities for reflection and discussion of healthcare projects, leading workers to propose labour-processes targeted to both the social determinants of health and people's illness.

[Marxism as a theoretical and methodological framework in collective health: implications for systematic review and synthesis of evidence]. / Marxismo como referencial teórico-metodológico em saúde coletiva: implicações para a revisão sistemática e síntese de evidências.

In this study, we discuss the integration in systematic reviews of research developed from a Marxist perspective of knowledge production and their results as evidence in healthcare. The study objectives are to review the assumptions of dialectical and historical materialism (DHM) and discuss the implications of dialectics for a literature review and the synthesis of evidence. DHM is a powerful framework for knowledge generation and transformation of policies and practices in healthcare. It assumes that social contradictions underlie the health-disease process, the fundamental theoretical construction in the field of collective health. Currently, we observe a considerable influence of the critical paradigm, of Marxist origin, in the construction of knowledge in health. Studies based on this critical paradigm incorporate complex methods, which are inherent to the guidelines of dialect, to identify the object and arrive at results that constitute evidence in healthcare. Systematic reviews should address the methodological difficulties associated with entirely integrating these results to healthcare.

Response to college students' mental health needs: a rapid review.

OBJECTIVE: To present strategic options to support the adoption of mental health strengthening policies for university students in the field of health, to be implemented by university institutions. METHODS: Rapid review, without period delimitation, with searches carried out from May to June 2020, in 21 sources of bibliographic data, including gray literature. The following keywords were used: mental health, students and university. The selection process prioritized systematic reviews of mental health interventions for university students in health care courses, and also considered other types of review and relevant primary studies. RESULTS: Forty-five studies were included: 34 systematic reviews, an evidence synthesis, an overview, a scope review, three narrative reviews, three experience reports and two opinion articles. The evidence from these studies supported the development of four options: 1) to establish and support policies to strengthen the mental health of students in health care courses; 2) to integrate mental health care programs, expand their offer and facilitate access by students; 3) to promote educational programs and communication strategies related to contemporary psychic suffering and its confrontation, so that students can get to know the services and resources and identify strengthening practices; 4) to continuously monitor and assess the mental health needs of students in health care courses. CONCLUSIONS: The options are challenging and require universities to establish institutional commissions to implement a policy to strengthen the mental health of university students in the health area, with the ability to recognize the different health needs, including manifestations of psychic suffering ; to integrate the university's internal actions with each other and with the services of the Unified Health System; to implement and monitor the actions that make up the mental health policy.

Representations of everyday life: a proposal for capturing social values from the Marxist perspective of knowledge production. / Representações cotidianas: uma proposta de apreensão de valores sociais na vertente marxista de produção do conhecimento.

We propose from the Marxist perspective of the construction of knowledge, a theoretical and methodological framework for understanding social values by capturing everyday representations. We assume that scientific research brings together different dimensions: epistemological, theoretical and methodological that consistently to the other instances, proposes a set of operating procedures and techniques for capturing and analyzing the reality under study in order to expose the investigated object. The study of values reveals the essentiality of the formation of judgments and choices, there are values that reflect the dominant ideology, spanning all social classes, but there are values that reflect class interests, these are not universal, they are formed in relationships and social activities. Basing on the Marxist theory of consciousness, representations are discursive formulations of everyday life - opinion or conviction - issued by subjects about their reality, being a coherent way of understanding and exposure social values: focus groups show is suitable for grasping opinions while interviews show potential to expose convictions.

A study on the social reproduction conditions of nursing undergraduates of two universities in São Paulo.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the social reproduction characteristics of nursing undergraduates. METHOD: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in two undergraduate degree courses in nursing, one public and one private, in the state of São Paulo. RESULTS: There were 285 students who participated, with 195 from the public university and 90 from the private one, who answered a questionnaire to classify social reproduction profiles. Four groups with different social conditions were identified. Although most families had stable living conditions, the percentage of families with poor working and living conditions was not negligible. CONCLUSION: The analysis on the social reproduction of the families of undergraduate students of the two courses exposed stability gradients which are compatible with intermediate social strata.

The potential of an instrument to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs: collective health knowledge and practices.

OBJECTIVES: To analyze an instrument that aims to understand the health-disease process, its potential to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs to enable the most appropriate interventions in a given territory. PROCEDURES: analysis of the data collection instrument--composed of closed and open questions to identify different profiles of social reproduction (ways of working and living)--used in the Project of Pedagogical Development and activities reported by students at a Collective Health Nursing department. CONCLUSIONS: The instrument enables health care professionals, especially those from Collective Health Nursing, to identify social vulnerabilities and health needs, and guide interventions in different contexts, according to the health promotion perspective. Thus, it reveals potential to transform current health practices, dynamism and constant innovation of these practices in different contexts, according to the 'radicality' that is characteristic of Collective Health.

Harm reduction: trends being disputed in health policies.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the underlying harm reduction trends in Brazilian drug policies. METHOD: The research, qualitative in nature, used in-depth interviews with experts in the field. The recorded and transcribed material was analyzed via the content analysis method. RESULTS: The analysis exposed the following conceptions: drug use is a disease, and its associated health practices should be treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration. These conceptions deviate to some extent from the war on drugs approach, and support the adoption of harm-reduction practices, proposed by public health. Less expressively, critical conceptions which clearly distance themselves from the prohibitionist approach and from public health may be seen, in line with the perspective of collective health, for the implementation of emancipatory harm-reduction practices. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: Harm-reduction conceptions and practices reveal the underlying conservative, liberal, and critical tendencies in Brazilian drug policies.

Emancipatory drug practices: building projects with Primary Healthcare workers. / Práticas emancipatórias na área de drogas: construção de projetos com trabalhadores da Atenção Primária à Saúde.

OBJECTIVE: To build projects for implementing emancipatory drug practices with Primary Healthcare workers. METHOD: An emancipatory action research based on historical-dialectical materialism developed at the Vila Prudente/Sapopemba Health Technical Supervision of the city of São Paulo with the participation of Primary Healthcare workers (care providers and management). RESULTS: Seventeen (17) health workers participated in sharing 13 workshops. The workshops discussed the following topics: the health needs of residents of the territories in which they operate; social dimension of drug use; limitations and contradictions of public healthcare policies and practices in the area of drugs; purpose of working in Primary Healthcare; and implementing drug evidence. Four intersectoral implementation projects were designed based on critical policy discussions. CONCLUSION: The emancipatory workshops enabled workers to position themselves in the health production process and capture the contradictions of this process, thereby strengthening their ability to develop and implement tools in response to health needs based on the social processes that involve the production, circulation and consumption of drugs.

Inclusive and emancipatory approaches to occupational therapy practice in substance-use contexts.

BACKGROUND.: Occupational therapy practice is enhanced through clear understanding of its epistemological foundations. In the area of substance use, practices are strongly functionalist. PURPOSE.: This study unearths epistemologies through analyzing practices addressing the social needs of clients with problematic substance use. METHOD.: This study used an exploratory qualitative approach and was based on Marxist philosophies. Qualitative interviews were conducted with nine occupational therapists experienced in working with substance users. Data were analyzed through a dialectic approach to content analysis based on the Marxist theory of labour process. FINDINGS.: The occupational therapy practices were found to follow common principles: clients are agents of transformation in health processes; creativity is a strong element of practice and underlies the whole therapeutic process; and conditions of social reproduction compose the object of occupational therapy (i.e., what is transformed through occupational therapy practices). Two different approaches using these principles were uncovered according to the labour-process purposes: inclusive and emancipatory. IMPLICATIONS.: Systematization of practices based on epistemological foundations strengthens occupational therapists' ability to link actions to theories.

Proposal to construct the operational base of the educative work process in collective health.

This study aimed to construct the operational base of the educative work in health from a Marxist perspective. Reports of nursing experiences in the basic health services, published between 1988-2003, served as empirical base. The object was captured from: the participants; the action agents; the objective; health and education conceptions; and the generating necessity. The means/instruments were identified through: physical space; didactic resources; frequency of meetings; and the conception of health education. The type of evaluation; to whom it was directed; the goal to be reached and articulation between the theoretical and operational knowledge were identified in order to capture the purpose. The educative work in collective health can strengthen social groups when it becomes praxis that assumes the participant as a dialogical co-producer of the work in health.

[Nurses' job and its relations to health in the family health program]. / A relação trabalho-saúde de enfermeiros do PSF no município de São Paulo.

The object of this study is nurses' job and its relation to their health in the Family Health Program and objective was to comprehend the characteristics of nurses' job. Sixteen nurses who work in Basic Health Units in São Paulo city were interviewed in 2007. The nurses' ways of working were analyzed according to: working process, subjectivity, polyvalence, consuming and strengthening process. The strengthening process comes from the pleasant and rewarding relation between object and purpose of work which is acquired from most of the time done individually. Nurses are committed to the job and handle with the expectation of their ability to solve problems as well as with the impossibility of finding a solution for people's problems. The usual discontinuity of tasks in progress and the development of activities they are not designated to, causes stress, agony and exacerbation. The consuming process causes physical and mental weakness that leads to health problems.

O processo de trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família voltado às pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade em São Paulo / Work process in the Family Health Strategy oriented to people with overweight and obesity in São Paulo

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é analisar as características dos processos de trabalho na Estratégia Saúde da Família direcionados às pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade no município de São Paulo. Ancorado no referencial teórico da saúde coletiva sobre processo de trabalho, foi desenvolvido um estudo exploratório com abordagem qualitativa. Foram realizadas onze entrevistas com profissionais de uma unidade básica de saúde, na zona leste da cidade de São Paulo, entre os meses de julho e agosto de 2019. A partir da análise temática, o artigo apresenta os resultados e a discussão em três categorias analíticas: objeto de trabalho, instrumentos de trabalho e organização do trabalho. O cuidado às pessoas com sobrepeso e obesidade é mediado pelo baixo investimento em qualificação dos profissionais de saúde sobre o tema, pela falta de materiais técnicos de suporte ao trabalho e pelo modelo de gestão pautado pela produtividade e cobrança de resultados quantitativos. Conclui-se que os profissionais de saúde apresentam pouco domínio sobre seu processo de trabalho, cuja finalidade acaba sendo a mudança de comportamento e a perda de peso corporal, em vez de considerar as necessidades de saúde dos usuários e profissionais, produzindo, por vezes, insatisfação e desgaste com o trabalho.

ABSTRACT The goal of the article is to analyze the characteristics of the work processes in the Family Health Strategy directed to people with overweight and obesity in the city of São Paulo. Based on the theoretical framework of collective health about work processes, an exploratory study with a qualitative approach was developed. Eleven interviews were conducted with professionals from a basic health unit, in the east of the city of São Paulo, between July and August 2019. Starting with the thematic analysis, the article presents the results and discussion in three analytical categories: work object, work instruments and work organization. The care for people with overweight and obesity is mediated by the low investment in training health professionals on the subject, the lack of technical materials to support the work and the management model based on productivity and demand for quantitative results. It is concluded that health professionals have little control over their work process, whose purpose ends up being the change of behavior and the loss of body weight, instead of considering the health needs of users and professionals, sometimes producing dissatisfaction and weariness with work.

The Brazilian nursing workforce faced with the international trends: an analysis in the International Year of Nursing / A força de trabalho de enfermagem brasileira frente às tendências internacionais: uma análise no Ano Internacional da Enfermagem

Abstract The article analyzes the condition of the Brazilian Nursing workforce when confronted with international trends. Diagnoses in publications by international organizations marked the confrontation of international trends with the reality of Brazilian Nursing, based on secondary research data. The analysis allows asserting that the Brazilian Nursing workforce follows international trends, essentially, because the social and sexual division of work and the foundations of the origin of Nursing as a capitalist occupation are maintained. At the same time, the historical-structural assumption of female proletarianization is based on the following: the disparities between men and women in pay and access to prominent positions in the market; combined inequalities across nations and regions in the supply of the labor market, which stimulates immigration of professionals; exploitation of older professionals, in the context of restricted access to retirement and labor rights; and exposure to violence and harassment, associated with the potential for overload and work intensification, which result in workers contracting diseases. In summary, it is observed that the pillars of female proletarianization and professionalization of Nursing remain in today's differentiated forms of workforce exploitation, being configured depending on the intersections of gender, racial-ethnicity, and regional-nationality.

Resumo O artigo analisa a condição da força de trabalho da enfermagem brasileira frente às tendências internacionais. Os diagnósticos de publicações de organizações internacionais balizaram a confrontação das tendências internacionais com a realidade da enfermagem brasileira, a partir de dados secundários de pesquisa. A análise permite afirmar que a força de trabalho da enfermagem brasileira segue as tendências internacionais, essencialmente, porque a divisão social e sexual do trabalho, alicerce da origem da enfermagem como ocupação capitalista, se mantém. Contemporaneamente, o pressuposto histórico-estrutural da proletarização feminina fundamenta: as disparidades salariais e de acesso a posições destacadas no mercado entre homens e mulheres; desigualdades combinadas entre nações e regiões na oferta do mercado de trabalho, o que estimula a imigração de profissionais; o aumento da exploração dos profissionais mais velhos, no contexto de restrição de acesso aos direitos de aposentadoria e trabalhistas; e a exposição à violência e ao assédio, associada ao potencial de desgaste da sobrecarga e intensificação do trabalho, que trazem como consequência o adoecimento dos trabalhadores. Em síntese, observa-se que os pilares da proletarização feminina e da profissionalização da enfermagem permanecem nas formas diferenciadas de exploração da força de trabalho atuais, sendo configuradas a depender das interseções de gênero, étnico-raciais e regionalidades-nacionalidades.

Práticas de Atenção Primária à Saúde na área de drogas: revisão integrativa / Primary Health Care practices in the drugs area: integrative review

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi o de identificar e analisar as práticas voltadas ao consumo prejudicial de drogas na Atenção Primária à Saúde. Trata-se de Revisão integrativa que buscou estudos nas fontes Medline e Lilacs utilizando os termos 'Atenção Primária à Saúde' e 'Redução do Dano'. Como resultado, incluiram-se 52 estudos, analisados de acordo com os arcabouços teóricos que orientam as práticas em saúde. Tais estudos foram sintetizados em três categorias empíricas: comportamento de risco, que incluiu intervenção breve, programas para prevenir e diminuir o uso de drogas, entre outros; fatores determinantes, que incluiu visitas domiciliares, práticas grupais e organizacionais; e necessidades em saúde, que incluiu práticas educativas emancipatórias. Conclui-se que, majoritariamente, os estudos abordam o uso de drogas pela categoria risco, com proposição de práticas para adaptação social. As intervenções relativas aos determinantes promovem a saúde, propondo melhorias em ambientes de vida e trabalho. Práticas críticas às relações sociais estabelecidas pelo complexo das drogas são minoritárias e envolvem complexidade operacional.

ABSTRACT The objective was to identify and analyze practices in Primary Health Care to harmful drug consumption. This integrative review searched for primary studies in Medline and Lilacs databases, based on the terms 'Primary Health Care' and 'Harm Reduction'. We included 52 studies analyzed according to the theoretical frameworks that guide health practices. Results were summarized in three empirical categories: risk behavior, which included brief intervention, programs to prevent and / or reduce drug use, among others; determining factors, including home visits and group and organizational practices; health needs, which included emancipatory educational practices. Most studies address drug use by the risk category producing practices aimed at social adaptation. Interventions related to determinants seek to promote health by proposing improvements in living and working environments. Practices that criticize social relations established by the drugs circuitous are more complex and sparse.

[Health needs according to civil society and the state]. / Necessidades de saúde pela voz da sociedade civil e do Estado.

This study focused on the health needs of a population covered by a primary healthcare center (PHC) in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. The overall objective was to investigate the perceived health needs as the object of health work. The study thus identified and analyzed what residents recognize as health needs, as well as what the PHC workers grasp as the object. The PHC workers and local residents were the research subjects. A semi-structured interview was used for data collection and thematic analysis for grasping the reality. The empirical categories identified were: need for state presence, social reproduction needs, and need for political participation recognized by local residents as health needs. The analysis indicated that the PHC work has operated without recognizing the residents' needs. Overcoming such gaps may be possible if and to the extent that work processes are implemented according to the recognition of health needs, respecting the concept of determination in the health-disease process and the right to health as a political gain.

Therapeutic leisure: action research with healthcare workers from mental health services for users of alcohol and other drugs / Ocio terapéutico: investigación-acción con trabajadores de servicios de salud mental, alcohol y otras drogas / Lazer terapêutico: pesquisa-ação com trabalhadores de serviços de saúde mental, álcool e outras drogas

Abstract: Objective:To understand everyday representations of mental health workers about leisure, drugs and education. Method: Emancipatory Action Research developed in ten workshops with 11 participants working at mental health services. The analysis was based on the theory of everyday representations. Results: The dominant mentality about drug users and drug education was revealed as associated with a conservative and prohibitionist perspective. The forms of therapeutic leisure traditionally adopted in health services were critically represented as a method for controlling users. Conclusions: The adoption of emancipatory leisure workshops is recommended in health services focused on alcohol and other drugs.

Resumen: Objetivo: Comprender las representaciones cotidianas de trabajadores de la salud mental sobre ocio, drogas y educación. Método: investigación-acción emancipadora, desarrollada en diez talleres, con 11 participantes de servicios de salud mental. El análisis estuvo basado en la teoría de las representaciones cotidianas. Resultados: la mentalidad dominante con respecto a los consumidores de drogas y a la educación en el área se mostró conservadora y prohibicionista. El ocio terapéutico, tradicionalmente utilizado en los servicios, fue representado críticamente como un método de control de los usuarios. Conclusiones: se sugiere la adopción de talleres educativos de ocio de carácter emancipador en los servicios de salud mental, alcohol y otras drogas.

Resumo: Objetivo: Compreender as representações cotidianas de trabalhadores da saúde mental sobre lazer, drogas e educação. Método: pesquisa-ação emancipatória, desenvolvida em dez oficinas, com 11 participantes de serviços de saúde mental. A análise baseou-se na teoria das representações cotidianas. Resultados: A mentalidade dominante, relativa a consumidores de drogas e à educação nessa área, mostrou-se conservadora e proibicionista. O lazer terapêutico tradicionalmente usado nos serviços foi representado criticamente como método de controle dos usuários. Conclusões: Sugere-se a adoção de oficinas educativas de lazer de caráter emancipatório em serviços de saúde mental, álcool e outras drogas.

A study on the social reproduction conditions of nursing undergraduates of two universities in São Paulo / Estudio de las condiciones de reproducción social de estudiantes de enfermería en dos universidades de São Paulo / Estudo das condições de reprodução social de graduandos de enfermagem de duas universidades paulistas

Abstract Objective: To identify the social reproduction characteristics of nursing undergraduates. Method: A quantitative descriptive cross-sectional study conducted in two undergraduate degree courses in nursing, one public and one private, in the state of São Paulo. Results: There were 285 students who participated, with 195 from the public university and 90 from the private one, who answered a questionnaire to classify social reproduction profiles. Four groups with different social conditions were identified. Although most families had stable living conditions, the percentage of families with poor working and living conditions was not negligible. Conclusion: The analysis on the social reproduction of the families of undergraduate students of the two courses exposed stability gradients which are compatible with intermediate social strata.

Resumen Objetivo: Identificar características de reproducción social de familias de estudiantes de enfermería. Método: Estudio cuantitativo, transversal, descriptivo, realizado en dos cursos de pregrado en enfermería, uno público y otro privado, en el estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Participaron 285 estudiantes, 195 del curso público y 90 del curso privado, quienes respondieron un cuestionario para clasificar los perfiles de reproducción social. Se identificaron cuatro grupos con diferentes condiciones sociales. Aunque la mayoría de las familias tenían condiciones de vida estables, el porcentaje de familias con condiciones de trabajo y de vida precarias no resultó despreciable. Conclusión: El análisis de la reproducción social de las familias de los estudiantes de los dos cursos expuso gradientes de estabilidad compatibles con estratos sociales intermedios.

Resumo Objetivo: Identificar características de reprodução social das famílias de graduandos de enfermagem. Método: Estudo de abordagem quantitativa, transversal descritivo, realizado em dois cursos de bacharelado em enfermagem, um público e um privado, no estado de São Paulo. Resultados: Participaram 285 estudantes, sendo 195 do curso público e 90 do privado, que responderam a um questionário para classificação dos perfis de reprodução social. Foram identificados quatro grupos com condições sociais distintas. Embora a maior parte das famílias tivesse condições estáveis de vida, a porcentagem de famílias com precarização nas condições de trabalho e de vida não era desprezível. Conclusão: A análise da reprodução social das famílias dos graduandos dos dois cursos expôs gradientes de estabilidade compatíveis com estratos sociais intermediários.

Context of the beginning of tobacco use in different social groups.

OBJECTIVE: analyze contextual aspects of the beginning of tobacco use in different social groups, from everyday representations about the act of smoking. METHODS: five focus groups were conducted to promote discussion about the context of beginning of tobacco use, with groups of people who represented different patterns of social reproduction. The data analysis was based on the theory of social representations, which contextualizes how each group presents the tobacco consumption. RESULTS: the contexts of the beginning of tobacco use were diverse, according to patterns of social reproduction; there were common representations to all groups, but there were also unique representations of each social group. Tobacco is represented as indispensable for groups in unstable social reproduction situations, and as an instrument of pleasure and stress relief for those who can access other material assets. CONCLUSIONS: the study contributed to exposing the concepts on tobacco consumption that are socially disseminated, which can serve as an instrument to planning programs and health actions.

Evidence in public health: steps to make it real.

This study addresses the methodological trends in the development of systematic reviews in public health, and examines the reviews of the Cochrane Public Health Group in order to exemplify syntheses of evidence in public health and its implementation and impact on practice and research.

Harm reduction: trends being disputed in health policies / Reducción del daño: las tendencias subyacentes a las políticas de salud / Redução de danos: tendências em disputa nas políticas de saúde

ABSTRACT Objective: to identify the underlying harm reduction trends in Brazilian drug policies. Method: The research, qualitative in nature, used in-depth interviews with experts in the field. The recorded and transcribed material was analyzed via the content analysis method. Results: The analysis exposed the following conceptions: drug use is a disease, and its associated health practices should be treatment, rehabilitation and social reintegration. These conceptions deviate to some extent from the war on drugs approach, and support the adoption of harm-reduction practices, proposed by public health. Less expressively, critical conceptions which clearly distance themselves from the prohibitionist approach and from public health may be seen, in line with the perspective of collective health, for the implementation of emancipatory harm-reduction practices. Final considerations: Harm-reduction conceptions and practices reveal the underlying conservative, liberal, and critical tendencies in Brazilian drug policies.

RESUMEN Objetivo: identificar las tendencias de reducción del daño subyacentes a las políticas de drogas brasileñas. Método: Estudio de tipo cualitativo, en el cual se realizó entrevistas en profundidad a especialistas en el área. Se analizó el material grabado y transcrito por medio del método de análisis de contenido. Resultados: Desde el análisis se presentaron las siguientes concepciones: el consumo de drogas es una enfermedad, y las prácticas de salud deben incluir el tratamiento, la rehabilitación y la reinserción social. Estas concepciones se alejan en cierta medida del abordaje de la guerra a las drogas y fundamentan la adopción de prácticas de reducción de daños, conforme propuestas por la salud pública. Menos expresamente, se pueden verificar también concepciones críticas, que se distancian rigurosamente del abordaje prohibicionista y de la salud pública, afinándose con la perspectiva de la salud colectiva, la de implementar prácticas emancipatorias de reducción de daños. Consideraciones finales: Las concepciones y prácticas de reducción del daño revelan las tendencias conservadora, liberal y crítica subyacentes a las políticas de drogas brasileñas.

RESUMO Objetivo: identificar as tendências de redução de danos subjacentes às políticas de drogas brasileiras. Método: A investigação, de natureza qualitativa, utilizou entrevistas em profundidade com especialistas na área. O material gravado e transcrito foi analisado pelo método de análise de conteúdo. Resultados: A análise expôs as seguintes concepções: o consumo de drogas é uma doença, e as práticas de saúde devem ser de tratamento, reabilitação e reinserção social. Essas concepções se afastam em certa medida da abordagem da guerra às drogas e fundamentam a adoção de práticas de redução de danos, conforme propostas pela saúde pública. Menos expressivamente, pode-se verificar também concepções críticas, que se distanciam expressivamente da abordagem proibicionista e da saúde pública, afinando-se com a perspectiva da saúde coletiva, de implementar práticas emancipatórias de redução de danos. Considerações finais: As concepções e práticas de redução de danos revelam as tendências conservadora, liberal e crítica subjacentes às políticas de drogas brasileiras.