RESUMO
OBJECTIVE: To analyze the Wakabayashi & Daimon (2015) equation, as a predictive indicator of cardiometabolic diseases and its comparison with other indices. DESIGN: A systematic review was carried out between January and March 2023, according to the PRISMA statement. DATA SOURCE: Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed databases were reviewed using "cardiometabolic index" (CMI) as the search term. STUDY SELECTION: The following inclusion criteria were determined: studies in adults with cardiometabolic diseases using the Wakabayashi & Daimon (2015) CMI formula in different populations; studies that validate or compare the equation or that demonstrate the effects of the intervention. DATA EXTRACTION: Of the 11 selected articles, the characteristics of the population, type of study, indicators for the validation of the CMI, the reported statistics and the conclusions that were recorded in a comparative table were obtained. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Odds ratio, hazard ratio, sensitivity, and specificity were used to assess associations, risk, effectiveness, and validity of the tests, indicating favorable relationships between the factors analyzed and the results obtained. Validation and probabilistic analysis of the CMI were performed against diverse diseases such as obesity [Man >60y=AUC=0.90 (0.75-1.00) (p=0.01), Se=100, Sp=81.8, YI=0.82 and OR 4.66 and Women >60y=AUC=0.95 (0.88-1.00), p=0.001, Se=90.0, Sp=100, YI=0.90 and OR=36.27]; cardiovascular diseases [AUC=0.617, Se=0.675, Sp=0.509; HR=1.48 (1.33, 1.65), p=<0.001], among others. In conclusion CMI is a new utility index that broadly identifies the presence of risk that leads to cardiometabolic diseases in adults.
Assuntos
Doenças Cardiovasculares , Humanos , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Medição de Risco/métodos , Adulto , Fatores de Risco CardiometabólicoRESUMO
Introducción: El baloncesto es objeto de múltiples estudios que incluye la valoración mediante tecnologías actuales como la bioimpedancia. Objetivo: Comparar los índices de asimetría (IA) de las extremidades superiores e inferiores en jugadores de baloncesto universitario por nivel deportivo. Método: Se evaluaron 24 jugadores de baloncesto de diferente nivel competitivo, representativo 1) universitario (n = 12) y 2) facultad (n = 12). Se determinó la circunferencia de brazos y piernas, además de masa magra y grasa por bioimpedancia. Se determinó el índice de asimetría de los miembros inferiores y superiores y se compararon por nivel deportivo. Resultados: La comparación de los índices de asimetría entre brazos y piernas en el grupo total identificó diferencias estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) en lo referente a la masa grasa, con mayor adiposidad en extremidades superiores, y un índice de asimetría de -10,8. Cuando se compararon las mismas variables en función del nivel deportivo, los jugadores representantes de la universidad mostraron mayores valores (p < 0,05) en el índice de asimetría de la masa total, circunferencias, masa magra y masa grasa. Las comparaciones intergrupales señalan diferencias en los índices de asimetría del brazo vs. la pierna en masa magra para ambos grupos (p < 0,05) mientras que los de la facultad mostraron diferencia también para grasa con índice de asimetría de 18,3 (p < 0,05). Conclusiones: Indistintamente del nivel deportivo, existen diferentes niveles del índice de asimetría entre extremidades superiores e inferiores en el componente de masa grasa, aunque menores valores del índice de asimetría fueron característicos de los individuos de mayor nivel deportivo(AU)
Introduction: Basketball has been the object of many studies, including assessments based on current technologies such as bioimpedance. Objective: Compare the asymmetry indices (AI) for upper and lower limbs in university basketball players. Methods: An evaluation was conducted of 24 basketball players from different competitive levels, representing 1) the university (n = 12) and 2) the school (n = 12). Determination was made of arm and leg circumference, as well as lean mass and fat by bioimpedance. The lower and upper limb asymmetry index was estimated and compared between the competitive levels. Results: Comparison of the arms and legs asymmetry indices in the total group revealed statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) as to fat mass, with greater adiposity in the upper limbs and an asymmetry index of 10.8. Comparison of the same variables between the sports levels found that players representing the university displayed higher values (p < 0.05) in the asymmetry index for total mass, circumferences, lean mass and fat mass. Comparison between the groups found differences in the arm vs. leg asymmetry indices for lean mass in both groups (p < 0.05), whereas the school players also showed differences for fat, with an asymmetry index of 18.3 (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Regardless of the sports level, different asymmetry indices are found between upper and lower limbs as to fat mass, though smaller asymmetry index values were characteristic of individuals from a higher sports level(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Adulto , Basquetebol/fisiologia , Impedância Elétrica , Extremidade Inferior/fisiologia , Extremidade Superior/fisiologia , Universidades/éticaRESUMO
Abstract Purpose: To compare teaching styles (TS) and years of experience among Mexican Physical Education (PE) teachers. Method: 129 PE teachers from the City of Chihuahua completed the Teaching Styles in Physical Education questionnaire; average age: 42.3 (±9.6) years; average time teaching PE: 15.7 (±7.9) years. Subjects were divided in 6 groups according to years of experience: -6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 and 30+. Results: no differences were found in traditional TS among groups, but all PE teachers showed high tendency to use that TS. The 30+ group showed values higher than 6-11 (p<0.05). Conclusion: There is a tendency to implement a traditional teaching style, although years of experience allow PE teachers to use teaching styles that fit students' needs and their interest to participate in Physical Education classes.
Resumo Objetivo: comparar estilos de ensino (EE) e anos de experiência entre professores de Educação Física (EF) mexicanos. Método: 129 professores de EF da cidade de Chihuahua, média de idade: 42,3 anos (± 9,6) anos; experiência como professor de EF: 15,7 (± 7,9) anos; completaram o Questionário sobre EE em EF. Os sujeitos foram divididos em seis grupos de acordo com os anos de experiência: - 6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 e 30+. Resultados: não foram encontradas diferenças em EE tradicional por grupo, mas todos os professores de EF mostraram tendência elevada a usar esse EE. O grupo 30+ apresentou valores superiores ao grupo 6-11 entre estilo cognitivo e escala criativa (p <0,05). Conclusão: há uma tendência a implementar o EE tradicional, embora os anos de experiência permitam aos professores de EF usar um EE ajustado às necessidades e interesses dos alunos em participar do curso de EF.
Resumen Propósito: comparar estilos de enseñanza (EE) y años de experiencia entre docentes de Educación Física (EF) mexicanos. Método: 129 maestros de EF de la ciudad de Chihuahua, MX, edad: 42,3 (±9,6) años, experiencia como maestro de EF: 15,7 (±7,9) años, completaron el cuestionario de Estilos de Enseñanza en Educación Física. Los sujetos fueron divididos en seis grupos de acuerdo con los años de experiencia: -6, 6-11, 12-17, 18-23, 24-29 y 30+. Resultados: sin diferencias encontradas en grupo de EE tradicional, sin embargo, todos los docentes de EF mostraron alta tendencia al uso de este EE. El grupo de 30+ mostró valores mayores que el grupo 6-11 entre estilo cognitivo y escala creativa (p<0,05). Conclusión: hay una tendencia en implementar el EE tradicional, aunque los años de experiencia permiten que docentes de EF utilicen un EE ajustándose a las necesidades e intereses de los estudiantes en participar en la clase de EF.
Assuntos
Humanos , Masculino , Feminino , Educação Física e Treinamento , Ensino , Professores Escolares , Prática Profissional , EstudantesRESUMO
Introducción: En la actualidad se ha incrementado el uso de antioxidantes en el ámbito deportivo, sin embargo, no existe evidencia concluyente del efecto de estas sustancias en la mejora del desempeño físico de los atletas. Objetivo: Determinar la efectividad del uso de suplementos antioxidantes en la mejoría del desempeño físico atlético. Material y Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en bases de datos en línea como Pubmed, Scopus, la Web of Knowledge y el buscador google academic. Se incluyeron solo trabajos originales de estudios doble ciego relacionados con la intervención de un suplemento antioxidante. El periodo de revisión fue del 2009 a diciembre del 2017. Desarrollo: Se identificaron un total de 1053 artículos de los cuales 33 cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión de la revisión. De acuerdo con el tipo de suplemento, 2 correspondieron a vitaminas, 9 a polifenoles, 11 comerciales y los 9 restantes diversos. La antigüedad de los artículos analizados fue de 4,8 ± 2,4 años, en cuanto a la obsolescencia, determinado por el semiperiodo de Burton y Kleber y el índice de Price, fue 5,5 y 61,0 por ciento respectivamente. Conclusiones: Hasta el momento no existe evidencia sólida de que la ingesta de suplementos antioxidantes mejore el desempeño físico atlético. Son pocos los resultados positivos en alguna de las variables evaluadas, por tal motivo se requiere de mayor evidencia para poder dilucidar el efecto de los suplementos antioxidantes(AU)
Introduction: At present, the use of antioxidants in the sports field has increased. However, there is no conclusive evidence of the effect of these substances in improving the physical performance of athletes. Objective: To determine the effectiveness of antioxidant supplements in the improvement of athletic physical performance. Material and Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out through the search on online databases such as Pubmed, Scopus, the Web of Knowledge and Google Scholar search engine. Only original double-blind studies related to the intervention of an antioxidant supplement were included. The review period was from 2009 to December 2017. Development: A total of 1053 articles were identified, of which 33 met the inclusion criteria for the review. Regarding the type of supplement, 2 of them corresponded to vitamins, 9 to polyphenols, 11 to commercials, and the remaining 9 ones to several types. The historic period of the articles analyzed was 4.8 ± 2.4 years in terms of obsolescence, which was determined by the Burton and Kleber half-period and the Price index (5.5 and 61.0 percent respectively). Conclusions: To date, there is no solid evidence that the intake of antioxidant supplements improves physical athletic performance. There are few positive results in some of the evaluated variables; for this reason, more evidence is required to elucidate the effect of antioxidant supplements(AU)