Dynamic prostatic and laser-ablated lesion volume change after transperineal laser ablation in canine: preliminary observation and its clinical significance.

AIM: The purpose of this study is to observe the volume change of prostate and laser-ablated lesions in the canine and to explore the mechanism and clinical significance through histopathology. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Transperineal laser ablation (TPLA) was performed under the guidance of transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) in eight canines. Two canines were sacrificed 1 day and 1 week after TPLA, respectively. The remaining six canines were sacrificed after finishing transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasound (TR-CEUS) at three phases. RESULTS: The prostatic volumes immediately following TPLA and 1 week later were larger than before TPLA (20.1 ± 3.9 vs 17.1 ± 3.8 ml; 21.7 ± 3.6 vs 17.1 ± 3.8 ml, p < 0.05), but 1 month later, returned to the preoperative level (17.4 ± 3.2 ml). At three time points, the mean volumes of laser-ablated lesions at 3 W/600 J were 0.6 ± 0.2, 1.1 ± 0.4, and 1.7 ± 0.5 ml, respectively, while those of laser-ablated lesions at 3 W/1200 J were 1.2 ± 0.2, 1.6 ± 0.3, and 2.2 ± 0.5 ml, respectively. The mean volumes of laser-ablated lesions increased significantly over time after TPLA (p < 0.050). CONCLUSION: The prostate volume transient enlarges after TPLA, which prompts for clinical application that it should prolong appropriately the duration of urinary catheterization to avoid acute urinary retention. Many inflammatory cells were observed in the laser-ablated lesions and adjacent normal prostate parenchyma through histopathology. It is speculated that the inflammatory response is involved in the progression of tissue damage.

Efficacy and safety of raltitrexed-based transarterial chemoembolization for colorectal cancer liver metastases.

The liver is the most common site of colorectal cancer metastases. The present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) with raltitrexed and oxaliplatin for colorectal liver metastases in a prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial conducted in 12 hospitals from different areas in China. A total of 90 patients with colorectal liver metastases were enrolled and treated by TACE with raltitrexed 4 mg and oxaliplatin 100 mg, followed by embolotherapy with 50 mg oxaliplatin and 5-20 ml lipiodol, administered every 28 days for four cycles. Patients were followed up every 3 months after the treatment and up to 12 months. The primary endpoint was time to progression. For the full analysis set (FAS), the median time to progression and overall survival were 9.1 and 17.8 months, respectively. The disease control rate in FAS was 71 (78.9%). Grade 3 or 4 adverse events were reported for 24 (26.7%) out of all 90 patients. Grade 3 thrombocytopenia, transglutaminase abnormality, and decreased neutrophil were observed in eight (8.9%), six (6.7%), and five (5.6%) patients, respectively. No unexpected adverse events or toxic deaths were observed. TACE with raltitrexed plus oxaliplatin is feasible, clinically beneficial, and well tolerated with low-grade toxicity for colorectal cancer patients with liver metastases.

Accuracy of computed tomographic angiography in the diagnosis of patients with inferior vena cava partial obstruction in Budd-Chiari syndrome.

BACKGROUND AND AIM: The diagnosis of the partially obstructed inferior vena cava (IVC) in Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) patients has received little attention. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of computed tomographic angiography (CTA) for patients with BCS and a partially obstructed IVC. METHODS: A total of 329 patients with BCS and an obstructed IVC were endovascularly treated with balloon dilation and/or stent placement. All patients underwent a CTA examination prior to endovascular treatment, and the data were retrospectively reviewed. The presence of a round, oval, irregular shape or jet sign low-density area without enhancement within the enhanced proximal IVC was considered a sign of a partially obstructed IVC. Digital subtraction angiography was used as the gold standard. RESULTS: The results from the digital subtraction angiography revealed a partially obstructed IVC in 108 BCS patients and a complete obstruction in 221 patients. The CTA discovered a partially obstructed IVC in 99 patients and a completely obstructed IVC in 230 patients. From the CTA results, 15 were false negatives, and six were false positives. The patient-based evaluation yielded an accuracy of 93.6%, a sensitivity of 86.1%, specificity of 97.3%, positive predictive value of 93.9%, and negative predictive value of 93.5% for the detection of BCS patients with a partial IVC obstruction. CONCLUSIONS: Computed tomographic angiography offered a high diagnostic accuracy and sensitivity in BCS patients with a partially obstructed IVC. The low-density area within the enhanced proximal IVC above the membrane in artery phase can be considered a reliable indicator of a stenotic IVC in BCS patients.

Antitumor effects of IOX1 combined with bevacizumab-induced apoptosis and immunity on colorectal cancer cells.

Colorectal cancer (CRC), as a fatal cancer, is one of the most common cancers worldwide. Although the standard treatment for colorectal cancer is well researched and established, long-term patient survival remains poor, and mortality remains high. Therefore, more and more effective treatment options are needed. To evaluate the efficacy of bevacizumab, the histone demethylase inhibitor IOX1, or their combination for the treatment of colorectal cancer, we examined the effects of IOX1, bevacizumab, and IOX1 combined with bevacizumab on cell activity, proliferation, and migration of colorectal cancer cell lines HCT116, RKO, and CT26 by CCK8, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay. The effects of the drugs alone as well as in combination on apoptosis in colorectal cancer cell lines were examined by flow cytometry and further validated by Western blotting for apoptosis-related proteins. The antitumor effects of treatment alone or in combination on colorectal cancer cells were examined in animal models. Mice were injected subcutaneously with CT26 cells and the growth and immune infiltration in tumor tissues were detected by IHC after drug treatment. We found that IOX1 could effectively inhibit the activity of CRC cells and had a significant inhibitory effect on the proliferation and migration of CRC cells. The apoptosis rate increased in a dose-dependent manner after IOX1 treatment on colorectal cancer cells, and the expression of apoptosis-related proteins changed accordingly. Further combination with bevacizumab revealed that the combination had a more significant effect on the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of CRC cells than either IOX1 or bevacizumab alone. In vivo experiments have found that both alone and combination drugs can inhibit the growth of mouse tumors, but the effect of combination inhibition is the most obvious. Combination therapy significantly inhibited the expression of proliferative marker (Ki67) in tumor xenograft models, and increased content of antigen-specific CD4+, CD8+T cell growth, and granzymeB (GZMB), which is associated with T cell cytotoxicity, was detected in combination therapy. Immunoassays suppressed the expression of relevant PD-1 and decreased. The anticancer drug bevacizumab and the histone demethylase inhibitor IOX1 may inhibit colon cancer cell growth by regulating apoptosis. The inhibitory effect of combination therapy on tumor growth may be achieved, in part, through upregulation of infiltration-mediated tumor immunity by T lymphocytes. The combination of IOX1 and bevacizumab produced significant synergistic effects. This study aims to provide a new direction for CRC combination therapy.

Association of menstrual blood volume and reproductive outcomes in patients with caesarean scar pregnancy managed using uterine artery embolization and curettage.

This study aimed to assess the association of menstrual blood volumes (MBV) and reproductive outcomes in patients after uterine artery embolization (UAE) combined with curettage for caesarean scar pregnancy (CSP). This retrospective observational study enrolled women who underwent UAE plus curettage for CSP at the Interventional Department of Henan Provincial People's Hospital between December 2012 and December 2017. The primary outcome was pregnancy rate and the secondary outcomes were live birth rate (LBR) and interpregnancy interval. This study finally included 37 women (16 women with normal MBV and 21 women with decreased MBV) with pregnancy intention after UAE plus curettage for CSP. The pregnancy rate in women with normal MBV was higher than those with decreased MBV (81.3% vs. 47.6%; P = 0.048). There were no differences between the two groups regarding the interpregnancy interval (18.4 ± 8.7 vs. 22.2 ± 10.0 months, P = 0.233), and LBR (63% vs. 38%, P = 0.191). In conclusion, Women with normal MBV after UAE combined with curettage for CSP management might have a higher pregnancy rate compared with patients with decreased MBV, but there were no differences in LBR between the two groups.

ZSCAN16-AS1 expedites hepatocellular carcinoma progression via modulating the miR-181c-5p/SPAG9 axis to activate the JNK pathway.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is generally known as one of the most common cancers in the world. Nowadays, interventional therapies such as transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) have emerged as an efficient therapy for HCC patients. Accumulating evidence has unveiled that long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are crucial regulators in HCC progression. Nonetheless, the biological function of lncRNA zinc finger and SCAN domain containing 16 antisense RNA 1 (ZSCAN16-AS1) in HCC has not been systematically clarified. RT-qPCR was used to test ZSCAN16-AS1 expression in HCC cells. The biological functions of RP11-757 G1.5 on HCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion and apoptosis were investigated by colony formation, EdU, CCK-8 and transwell assays, as well as flow cytometry analysis. RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP), RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter assays were utilized to explore the specific mechanism of ZSCAN16-AS1. ZSCAN16-AS1 was significantly up-regulated in HCC cells. ZSCAN16-AS1 silence inhibited HCC cell proliferation, migration and invasion, while it accelerated HCC cell apoptosis. ZSCAN16-AS1 worked as a competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) to regulate sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) expression through sponging miR-181 c-5p. Moreover, SPAG9 could activate the c-Jun-N-terminal kinase (JNK) pathway. Taken together, our study elucidated that ZSCAN16-AS1 expedited HCC progression via modulating the miR-181 c-5p/SPAG9 axis to activate the JNK pathway, which might be a highly potential HCC therapy and treatment target.

A Comparison of Adverse Events Among Radiofrequency Ablation, Conventional Transarterial Chemoembolization (TACE) and Drug-Eluting Bead TACE in Treating Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients.

BACKGROUND: There has been very limited investigation regarding the comparison of adverse events (AEs) among radiofrequency ablation (RFA), conventional transarterial chemoembolization (cTACE), and drug-eluting bead TACE (DEB-TACE) in treating HCC patients; therefore, the present study aimed to resolve this issue. METHODS: Two-hundred and forty-six HCC patients (with a total of 267 procedures [treatment times]) treated with RFA (73 patients with 79 procedures), cTACE (86 patients with 94 procedures), or DEB-TACE (87 patients with 94 procedures) were included. Demographic and clinical data were collected. The information on AEs was also retrieved and analyzed. RESULTS: Total AEs incidence was notably different among the RFA group, cTACE group, and DEB-TACE group and was the highest in cTACE group (86.2%), then in DEB-TACE group (76.6%), and the lowest in RFA group (63.3%). Regarding specific AEs incidence, the incidences of fever, fatigue, and nausea were distinctive among the three groups, while no distinctiveness was found in incidence of other AEs. Furthermore, multivariate logistic regression revealed that cTACE (versus RFA) was independently correlated with increased risk of total AEs, fatigue, and nausea/vomiting; however, the interventional therapies were not independently correlated with the risk of pain, fever or constipation. Other independent predictive factors for total AEs risk were male gender, bronchial asthma, and disease duration. CONCLUSION: cTACE resulted in the highest AEs incidence compared with RFA and DEB-TACE in treating HCC patients.

Long non­coding RNA MIAT knockdown potentiates the therapeutic effect of transcatheter arterial embolization in liver cancer by regulating the miR­203a/HIF­1α axis.

Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) and transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) are often used for palliative treatment of liver cancer. TAE and TACE can induce severe hypoxia. The present study investigated the effect of the myocardial infarction associated transcript (MIAT)/microRNA (miR)­203a/hypoxia­inducible factor 1­α (HIF­1α) axis on the therapeutic activity of TAE for liver cancer using hypoxia­treated liver cancer cells and rat orthotopic liver tumors. MIAT, miR­203a and HIF­1α mRNA levels were assessed by reverse transcription­quantitative PCR assay. The protein expression of HIF­1α, Ki­67 and vascular endothelial growth factor was determined by western blot assay. The proliferative, migratory and invasive potential of cells was assessed by CCK­8, Transwell migration and invasion assays, respectively. The association between MIAT, miR­203a and HIF­1α was investigated through bioinformatics analysis, luciferase reporter assay, RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull­down assay. In vivo experiments were performed to explore the effect of TAE alone or in combination with MIAT knockdown on the growth of rat liver tumors. The results revealed that MIAT and HIF­1α were highly expressed, and miR­203a was lowly expressed in liver tumors of patients with liver cancer after TACE treatment and hypoxia­stimulated liver cancer cells. MIAT sequestered miR­203a from its target HIF­1α. MIAT knockdown, miR­203a overexpression or HIF­1α loss inhibited proliferation, migration and invasion in hypoxia­treated liver cancer cells. MIAT knockdown enhanced TAE­mediated antitumor effects by upregulating miR­203a and downregulating HIF­1α in rat liver tumors. In conclusion, MIAT knockdown potentiated the therapeutic effect of TAE in liver cancer by regulating the miR­203a/HIF­1α axis in vitro and in vivo, thus expanding our understanding on the function and molecular basis of MIAT in TAE treatment for liver cancer.

Profiles of prognostic alternative splicing signature in hepatocellular carcinoma.

Previous studies have demonstrated the role of abnormal alternative splicing (AS) in tumor progression. This study examines the prognostic index (PI) of alternative splices (ASs) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The clinical features and splicing events of patients with HCC were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). Differentially expressed AS (DEAS) were compared between HCC and adjacent normal samples. Univariate Cox regression analysis was used to determine changes in DEAS associated with overall survival (OS). A PI was generated from OS-associated DEASs using Kaplan-Meier curves, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, multivariate Cox regression, and cluster analysis. Then, the correlation between DEASs and splicing factors was assessed, followed by functional and pathway enrichment analysis. We identified 34 163 ASs of 8985 genes in HCC, and 153 OS-ASs were identified using univariate Cox regression analysis. Low- and high-PI groups were determined based on the median "PI-ALL" value according to significantly different survival (P = 2.2e - 16). The ROC curve of all PI (PI-ALL) had an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.993 for survival status in patients with HCC. A potential regulatory network associated with prognosis of patients with HCC was established. Enrichment analysis also resulted in the identification of several pathways potentially associated with carcinogenesis and progression of HCC. Four clusters were identified that were associated with clinical features and prognosis. Our study generated comprehensive profiles of ASs in HCC. The interaction network and functional connections were used to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of AS in HCC.

A pilot study of the shapes of ablation lesions in the canine prostate by laser, radiofrequency and microwave and their clinical significance.

To explore the shape characteristics of ablation lesions created via laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) in canine prostates and the clinical significance of these characteristics, six adult male beagles were randomly assigned to the LA, RFA, and MWA groups. These ablations were performed with common parameters applied in clinical practice (LA, 3 W/1200 J; RFA and MWA, 30 W/120 s). One ablation lesion was created in each lobe of the prostate via the ablation technique, resulting in a total of twelve ablation lesions. Transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) was used as guidance during puncture and to monitor changes in the ablation lesions. Finally, the ablation efficacy was assessed using transrectal contrast-enhanced ultrasonography (CEUS), and the transverse diameter (TRD), anteroposterior diameter (APD) and longitudinal diameter (LD) of each ablation lesion were measured. The volume (V) and the ratio (R) value were calculated. R reflects the shape characteristic of the ablation lesion (the R value close to 1.0 indicates a more spherical shape). The R values of the ablation lesions were 0.89 ± 0.02, 0.72 ± 0.01, and 0.65 ± 0.03 for RFA, MWA and LA, respectively, and they were significantly different (P = 0.027). The volumes of the ablation lesions were 2.17 ± 0.10 ml, 1.51 ± 0.20 ml, and 0.79 ± 0.07 ml for MWA, LA and RFA, respectively, and they were also significantly different (P = 0.001). The three abovementioned thermal ablation techniques with common parameters in clinical practice can be used for ablation in the prostate. The shapes and volumes of the ablation lesions of the three techniques were varied: The RFA-created lesions had the lowest volumes and were more spherical in shape, demonstrating that RFA could be used for the treatment of relatively small lesions or tumours adjacent to vital organs. The MWA lesions had the largest size with a spherical shape, which could be advantageous for the ablation of tumours with relatively large sizes. The sizes of the ablation lesions created via LA were between those of RFA and MWA but presented more oval in shape, suggesting that this method is highly appropriate for the ablation of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Feasibility and midterm outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic balloon angioplasty for symptomatic Budd-Chiari syndrome secondary to hepatic venous obstruction.

OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the feasibility and outcomes of percutaneous transhepatic balloon angioplasty (PTBA) of the hepatic vein in the management of Budd-Chiari syndrome (BCS) secondary to hepatic venous outflow obstruction. METHODS: From September 1996 to October 2008, 101 patients (52 males, 49 females) with BCS secondary to occlusion of the hepatic veins were prospectively treated using PTBA of the hepatic vein. Average age was 31.3 years (range, 15-57 years). Nineteen had concurrent inferior vena cava (IVC) obstruction. All the patients presented with symptomatic portal hypertension. PTBA, with or without stenting, was performed after hepatovenography. RESULTS: PTBA was successfully performed in 92 of the 101 patients. Sixty-eight patients underwent PTBA of right hepatic vein, followed by stent placement in two. PTBA was performed in 11 patients with left hepatic vein occlusion and in 13 patients with dominant accessory hepatic vein occlusion. The technical success rate was 92 of 101 (91%). Hepatic venous pressure was significantly decreased after balloon angioplasty/stenting (P < .01, paired t test). Symptoms were significantly improved in the 92 patients who had successful PTBA. Three patients had acute hepatic vein thrombosis during or after PTBA. Two patients sustained intraperitoneal bleeding from the transhepatic puncture track, and one had intrahepatic hematoma. Pulmonary embolism developed in one patient during the operation. All complications were managed nonoperatively. There were no perioperative deaths. Within 1 year, 74 of the 101 patients returned for follow-up, and 51 patients had follow-up at 2 years. The primary patency rates were 84% (62 of 74), 78% (58 of 74), and 76% (39 or 51) at 6, 12, and 24 months after PTBA, respectively. The secondary patency rates were 95% (70 of 74), 92% (68 of 74), and 84% (43 of 51) at 6, 12, and 24 months. CONCLUSIONS: PTBA of the hepatic vein is a safe and effective treatment of BCS. It is currently the most physiologic procedure, and the risk of postoperative encephalopathy is minimized because portal flow is not diverted. Midterm outcomes are satisfactory. Further investigation of the long-term outcomes is needed.

Menstruation recovery in scar pregnancy patients undergoing UAE and curettage and its influencing factors.

This study aims to investigate the menstrual recovery outcome of scar pregnancy patients who received uterine artery embolization combined with curettage, and its influencing factors.The data of 119 patients with scar pregnancy, who received uterine artery embolization combined with curettage between December 2012 and December 2016 in Henan Provincival People's Hospital, were collected. The menstruation recovery of these patients was followed up, and factors that have influence on menstrual blood volume were analyzed using SPSS V.17.0.Follow-up data were available in 101/119 (84.9%) women. The median follow-up time was 22.7 months (range: 1.6-50.6 months); 58 (57.4%) patients had reduced menstrual blood volume, and 2 patients (2%) had amenorrhea. The proportion of patients with reduced menstrual blood volume, who were embolized with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), PVA combined with gelatin sponge, and gelatin sponge between < and ≥33 years old was 41.7% versus 66.7%, 40% versus 57.1% and 60.6% versus 68.0%. The average age of patients with reduced menstrual blood volume (34.3 years) was greater than patients with normal menstrual blood volume (31.4 years), but the difference was not statistically significant (P = .07).Reduced menstrual blood volume can occur in scar pregnancy patients who received uterine artery embolization combined with curettage. The influence of the embolic agent PVA on menstrual blood volume depends on age, but the difference was not statistically significant.

CT-guided microinvasive intervention in treating refractory carcinous pain.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the analgesic effect of CT-guided microinvasive intervention on refractory carcinous pain. METHODS: A total of 23 patients with poor response to drug therapy for carcinous pain were selected: 6 patients underwent CT-guided neurolytic celiac plexus block (NCPB), 5 patients underwent CT-guided(125)I implantation and 12 patients underwent combined CT-guided NCPB and CT-guided(125)I implantation. RESULTS: After 1 week of treatment, 6 patients exhibited complete remission, 13 patients exhibited partial remission and 4 patients exhibited no changes in condition. The treatment efficiency rate was 82.6%. After 1 month of treatment, 5 patients exhibited complete remission, 14 patients exhibited partial remission and 4 patients exhibited no changes in condition. Treatment efficiency rate was 82.6%. After 3 months of treatment, 4 patients exhibited complete remission, 9 patients exhibited partial remission, 5 patients exhibited no changes in condition and 5 patients died. Treatment efficiency rate was 72.2%. After 6 months of treatment, 3 patients exhibited complete remission, 6 patients exhibited partial remission, 3 patients exhibited no changes in condition and 11 patients died. The treatment efficiency rate was 75.0%. No severe postoperative severe complications, such as bleeding, biliary fistula and pancreatic fistula, were reported. CONCLUSION: CT-guided microinvasive intervention clearly demonstrated an analgesic effect on refractory carcinous pain with less trauma and few complications. Therefore, this method provides effective relief for carcinous pain.

One-channel double stent implantation for hilar biliary obstructions.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of percutaneous one-channel double stent implantation on hilar biliary obstruction involving both hepatic ducts and its clinical value. A total of 8 patients with hilar biliary obstruction involving the left and right hepatic ducts were enrolled. A percutaneous unilateral approach was adopted. Two stents were implanted, one between the left and right hepatic ducts and the other between the hepatic ducts and the common bile duct for biliary drainage. Interventional therapies such as arterial chemoembolization were performed for antitumor treatment. All surgical procedures were successfully accomplished. At 2 weeks after stenting, total bilirubin decreased to 61.2±13.4 µmol/l (the preoperative value was 267.1±154.7 µmol/l). No severe complications or mortalities occurred. Single-channel double stent implantation should be the preferred method of treatment for patients with hilar biliary obstruction involving both hepatic ducts. Drainage and antitumor treatment should also be used when necessary.

Interventional therapy for the treatment of severe hemobilia after percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage: a case series.

From May 2003 to May 2010, a total of 9 patients with severe hemobilia after percutaneous transhepatic cholangial drainage (PTCD) were diagnosed using superselective angiography and cholangiography, and then were treated with interventional procedures. Two patients with hepatic arterio-biliary fistula underwent proximal and distal arterial embolization of the responsible vessel. Six patients with pseudoaneurysm had pseudoaneurysm occlusion with proximal and distal embolization. Another patient with biliary-portal vein fistula received a biliary fully covered stent placement. The effects in these patients were evaluated using superselective angiography immediately after the intervention and at 3- and 6-month follow-up. In all patients, hemobilia was stopped right after the treatment and no sign of recurrence was noted at 3- and 6-month follow-up after the interventional therapy. Our findings demonstrate that interventional therapy is a simple, minimally invasive, and safe approach for treating severe hemobilia in patients receiving PTCD.