Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Mostrar: 20 | 50 | 100
Resultados 1 - 10 de 10
Filtrar
1.
Nature ; 632(8024): 383-389, 2024 Aug.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39048823

RESUMO

The brain is highly sensitive to damage caused by infection and inflammation1,2. Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) is a neurotropic virus and the cause of herpes simplex encephalitis3. It is unknown whether neuron-specific antiviral factors control virus replication to prevent infection and excessive inflammatory responses, hence protecting the brain. Here we identify TMEFF1 as an HSV-1 restriction factor using genome-wide CRISPR screening. TMEFF1 is expressed specifically in neurons of the central nervous system and is not regulated by type I interferon, the best-known innate antiviral system controlling virus infections. Depletion of TMEFF1 in stem-cell-derived human neurons led to elevated viral replication and neuronal death following HSV-1 infection. TMEFF1 blocked the HSV-1 replication cycle at the level of viral entry through interactions with nectin-1 and non-muscle myosin heavy chains IIA and IIB, which are core proteins in virus-cell binding and virus-cell fusion, respectively4-6. Notably, Tmeff1-/- mice exhibited increased susceptibility to HSV-1 infection in the brain but not in the periphery. Within the brain, elevated viral load was observed specifically in neurons. Our study identifies TMEFF1 as a neuron-specific restriction factor essential for prevention of HSV-1 replication in the central nervous system.


Assuntos
Fatores de Restrição Antivirais , Encéfalo , Herpes Simples , Herpesvirus Humano 1 , Proteínas de Membrana , Neurônios , Internalização do Vírus , Replicação Viral , Animais , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Camundongos , Fatores de Restrição Antivirais/metabolismo , Encéfalo/citologia , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Encéfalo/patologia , Encéfalo/virologia , Morte Celular , Sistemas CRISPR-Cas/genética , Herpes Simples/imunologia , Herpes Simples/metabolismo , Herpes Simples/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/crescimento & desenvolvimento , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/fisiologia , Proteínas de Membrana/metabolismo , Proteínas de Membrana/deficiência , Proteínas de Membrana/genética , Neurônios/virologia , Neurônios/metabolismo , Carga Viral , Nectinas/metabolismo , Miosina não Muscular Tipo IIA/metabolismo , Miosina não Muscular Tipo IIB/metabolismo , Interferon Tipo I , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/imunologia , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/metabolismo , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/patologia , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/prevenção & controle , Doenças Neuroinflamatórias/virologia
2.
J Biol Chem ; 299(6): 104749, 2023 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-37100284

RESUMO

The recent SARS-CoV-2 and mpox outbreaks have highlighted the need to expand our arsenal of broad-spectrum antiviral agents for future pandemic preparedness. Host-directed antivirals are an important tool to accomplish this as they typically offer protection against a broader range of viruses than direct-acting antivirals and have a lower susceptibility to viral mutations that cause drug resistance. In this study, we investigate the exchange protein activated by cAMP (EPAC) as a target for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy. We find that the EPAC-selective inhibitor, ESI-09, provides robust protection against a variety of viruses, including SARS-CoV-2 and Vaccinia (VACV)-an orthopox virus from the same family as mpox. We show, using a series of immunofluorescence experiments, that ESI-09 remodels the actin cytoskeleton through Rac1/Cdc42 GTPases and the Arp2/3 complex, impairing internalization of viruses that use clathrin-mediated endocytosis (e.g. VSV) or micropinocytosis (e.g. VACV). Additionally, we find that ESI-09 disrupts syncytia formation and inhibits cell-to-cell transmission of viruses such as measles and VACV. When administered to immune-deficient mice in an intranasal challenge model, ESI-09 protects mice from lethal doses of VACV and prevents formation of pox lesions. Altogether, our finding shows that EPAC antagonists such as ESI-09 are promising candidates for broad-spectrum antiviral therapy that can aid in the fight against ongoing and future viral outbreaks.


Assuntos
Antivirais , COVID-19 , Mpox , Vacínia , Animais , Camundongos , Antivirais/farmacologia , Mpox/tratamento farmacológico , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Vacínia/tratamento farmacológico , Vaccinia virus/efeitos dos fármacos
3.
Mol Ther ; 30(9): 2998-3016, 2022 09 07.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-35526097

RESUMO

We established a split nanoluciferase complementation assay to rapidly screen for inhibitors that interfere with binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike glycoprotein with its target receptor, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). After a screen of 1,200 US Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved compounds, we identified bifonazole, an imidazole-based antifungal agent, as a competitive inhibitor of RBD-ACE2 binding. Mechanistically, bifonazole binds ACE2 around residue K353, which prevents association with the RBD, affecting entry and replication of spike-pseudotyped viruses as well as native SARS-CoV-2 and its variants of concern (VOCs). Intranasal administration of bifonazole reduces lethality in K18-hACE2 mice challenged with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-spike by 40%, with a similar benefit after live SARS-CoV-2 challenge. Our screen identified an antiviral agent that is effective against SARS-CoV-2 and VOCs such as Omicron that employ the same receptor to infect cells and therefore has high potential to be repurposed to control, treat, or prevent coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).


Assuntos
Antivirais , Tratamento Farmacológico da COVID-19 , Imidazóis , SARS-CoV-2 , Enzima de Conversão de Angiotensina 2/antagonistas & inibidores , Animais , Antivirais/farmacologia , Imidazóis/farmacologia , Camundongos , Ligação Proteica , SARS-CoV-2/efeitos dos fármacos , Glicoproteína da Espícula de Coronavírus/química , Estados Unidos , United States Food and Drug Administration
4.
Genes Immun ; 20(3): 214-223, 2019 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29728610

RESUMO

Recently, deficiency in the cytosolic DNA sensor RNA Polymerase III was described in children with severe primary varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in the CNS and lungs. In the present study we examined adult patients with VZV CNS infection caused by viral reactivation. By whole exome sequencing we identified mutations in POL III genes in two of eight patients. These mutations were located in the coding regions of the subunits POLR3A and POLR3E. In functional assays, we found impaired expression of antiviral and inflammatory cytokines in response to the POL III agonist Poly(dA:dT) as well as increased viral replication in patient cells compared to controls. Altogether, this study provides significant extension on the current knowledge on susceptibility to VZV infection by demonstrating mutations in POL III genes associated with impaired immunological sensing of AT-rich DNA in adult patients with VZV CNS infection.


Assuntos
RNA Polimerase III/genética , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/genética , Adulto , Idoso , Células Cultivadas , Citocinas/metabolismo , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Monócitos/imunologia , Monócitos/virologia , Mutação , RNA Polimerase III/metabolismo , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/imunologia , Infecção pelo Vírus da Varicela-Zoster/virologia , Replicação Viral
5.
Antiviral Res ; 231: 106012, 2024 Sep 25.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39332537

RESUMO

Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has led to the global pandemic of Coronavirus Disease (2019) (COVID-19), underscoring the urgency for effective antiviral drugs. Despite the development of different vaccination strategies, the search for specific antiviral compounds remains crucial. Here, we combine machine learning (ML) techniques with in vitro validation to efficiently identify potential antiviral compounds. We overcome the limited amount of SARS-CoV-2 data available for ML using various techniques, supplemented with data from diverse biomedical assays, which enables end-to-end training of a deep neural network architecture. We use its predictions to identify and prioritize compounds for in vitro testing. Two top-hit compounds, PKI-179 and MTI-31, originally identified as Pi3K-mTORC1/2 pathway inhibitors, exhibit significant antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 at low micromolar doses. Notably, both compounds outperform the well-known mTOR inhibitor rapamycin. Furthermore, PKI-179 and MTI-31 demonstrate broad-spectrum antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and other coronaviruses. In a physiologically relevant model, both compounds show antiviral effects in primary human airway epithelial (HAE) cultures derived from healthy donors cultured in an air-liquid interface (ALI). This study highlights the potential of ML combined with in vitro testing to expedite drug discovery, emphasizing the adaptability of AI-driven approaches across different viruses, thereby contributing to pandemic preparedness.

6.
Nat Commun ; 15(1): 4096, 2024 May 15.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38750019

RESUMO

The presence of heterogeneity in responses to oncolytic virotherapy poses a barrier to clinical effectiveness, as resistance to this treatment can occur through the inhibition of viral spread within the tumor, potentially leading to treatment failures. Here we show that 4-octyl itaconate (4-OI), a chemical derivative of the Krebs cycle-derived metabolite itaconate, enhances oncolytic virotherapy with VSVΔ51 in various models including human and murine resistant cancer cell lines, three-dimensional (3D) patient-derived colon tumoroids and organotypic brain tumor slices. Furthermore, 4-OI in combination with VSVΔ51 improves therapeutic outcomes in a resistant murine colon tumor model. Mechanistically, we find that 4-OI suppresses antiviral immunity in cancer cells through the modification of cysteine residues in MAVS and IKKß independently of the NRF2/KEAP1 axis. We propose that the combination of a metabolite-derived drug with an oncolytic virus agent can greatly improve anticancer therapeutic outcomes by direct interference with the type I IFN and NF-κB-mediated antiviral responses.


Assuntos
Terapia Viral Oncolítica , Vírus Oncolíticos , Succinatos , Animais , Humanos , Terapia Viral Oncolítica/métodos , Succinatos/farmacologia , Camundongos , Linhagem Celular Tumoral , Interferon Tipo I/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Neoplasias do Colo/terapia , Neoplasias do Colo/imunologia , Neoplasias do Colo/tratamento farmacológico , Antivirais/farmacologia , NF-kappa B/metabolismo , Quinase I-kappa B/metabolismo , Proteína 1 Associada a ECH Semelhante a Kelch/metabolismo , Inflamação/tratamento farmacológico , Feminino , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/fisiologia , Vírus da Estomatite Vesicular Indiana/efeitos dos fármacos , Transdução de Sinais/efeitos dos fármacos
7.
Sci Signal ; 15(762): eabo7940, 2022 11 29.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-36445937

RESUMO

The lipid kinase VPS34 orchestrates autophagy, endocytosis, and metabolism and is implicated in cancer and metabolic disease. The proximal tubule in the kidney is a key metabolic organ that controls reabsorption of nutrients such as fatty acids, amino acids, sugars, and proteins. Here, by combining metabolomics, proteomics, and phosphoproteomics analyses with functional and superresolution imaging assays of mice with an inducible deficiency in proximal tubular cells, we revealed that VPS34 controlled the metabolome of the proximal tubule. In addition to inhibiting pinocytosis and autophagy, VPS34 depletion induced membrane exocytosis and reduced the abundance of the retromer complex necessary for proper membrane recycling and lipid retention, leading to a loss of fuel and biomass. Integration of omics data into a kidney cell metabolomic model demonstrated that VPS34 deficiency increased ß-oxidation, reduced gluconeogenesis, and enhanced the use of glutamine for energy consumption. Furthermore, the omics datasets revealed that VPS34 depletion triggered an antiviral response that included a decrease in the abundance of apically localized virus receptors such as ACE2. VPS34 inhibition abrogated SARS-CoV-2 infection in human kidney organoids and cultured proximal tubule cells in a glutamine-dependent manner. Thus, our results demonstrate that VPS34 adjusts endocytosis, nutrient transport, autophagy, and antiviral responses in proximal tubule cells in the kidney.


Assuntos
COVID-19 , Glutamina , Humanos , Animais , Camundongos , SARS-CoV-2 , Rim , Nutrientes , Antivirais , Lipídeos
8.
Nat Med ; 25(12): 1873-1884, 2019 12.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31806906

RESUMO

Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) encephalitis (HSE) is typically sporadic. Inborn errors of TLR3- and DBR1-mediated central nervous system cell-intrinsic immunity can account for forebrain and brainstem HSE, respectively. We report five unrelated patients with forebrain HSE, each heterozygous for one of four rare variants of SNORA31, encoding a small nucleolar RNA of the H/ACA class that are predicted to direct the isomerization of uridine residues to pseudouridine in small nuclear RNA and ribosomal RNA. We show that CRISPR/Cas9-introduced bi- and monoallelic SNORA31 deletions render human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-derived cortical neurons susceptible to HSV-1. Accordingly, SNORA31-mutated patient hPSC-derived cortical neurons are susceptible to HSV-1, like those from TLR3- or STAT1-deficient patients. Exogenous interferon (IFN)-ß renders SNORA31- and TLR3- but not STAT1-mutated neurons resistant to HSV-1. Finally, transcriptome analysis of SNORA31-mutated neurons revealed normal responses to TLR3 and IFN-α/ß stimulation but abnormal responses to HSV-1. Human SNORA31 thus controls central nervous system neuron-intrinsic immunity to HSV-1 by a distinctive mechanism.


Assuntos
Encefalite por Herpes Simples/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 1/genética , Neurônios/imunologia , RNA Nucleolar Pequeno/genética , Adulto , Sistema Nervoso Central/imunologia , Sistema Nervoso Central/virologia , Pré-Escolar , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/imunologia , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/patologia , Encefalite por Herpes Simples/virologia , Feminino , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Herpesvirus Humano 1/imunologia , Herpesvirus Humano 1/patogenicidade , Humanos , Imunidade/genética , Lactente , Masculino , Metagenoma/genética , Metagenoma/imunologia , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Neurônios/virologia , RNA Nucleolar Pequeno/imunologia
9.
Trends Mol Med ; 24(10): 904-915, 2018 10.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30115567

RESUMO

In most individuals, varicella zoster virus (VZV) causes varicella upon primary infection and zoster during reactivation. However, in a subset of individuals, VZV may cause severe disease, including encephalitis. Host genetics is believed to be the main determinant of exacerbated disease manifestations. Recent studies have demonstrated that defects in the DNA sensor RNA polymerase III (POL III) confer selective increased susceptibility to VZV infection, thus providing fundamental new insight into VZV immunity. Here we describe the roles of POL III in housekeeping and immune surveillance during VZV infection. We present the latest knowledge on the role of POL III in VZV infection and discuss outstanding questions related to the role of POL III in VZV immunity, and how this insight can be translated into clinical medicine.


Assuntos
Varicela/genética , Encefalite por Varicela Zoster/genética , Herpes Zoster/genética , Interações Hospedeiro-Patógeno , RNA Polimerase III/genética , Ativação Viral , Adulto , Varicela/imunologia , Varicela/patologia , Varicela/virologia , Proteína DEAD-box 58/genética , Proteína DEAD-box 58/imunologia , DNA Viral/genética , DNA Viral/imunologia , Encefalite por Varicela Zoster/imunologia , Encefalite por Varicela Zoster/patologia , Encefalite por Varicela Zoster/virologia , Regulação da Expressão Gênica , Predisposição Genética para Doença , Herpes Zoster/imunologia , Herpes Zoster/patologia , Herpes Zoster/virologia , Herpesvirus Humano 3/genética , Herpesvirus Humano 3/imunologia , Humanos , Imunidade Inata , Vigilância Imunológica , Interferons/genética , Interferons/imunologia , Subunidades Proteicas/genética , Subunidades Proteicas/imunologia , RNA Polimerase III/imunologia , Receptores Imunológicos
10.
Neurol Neuroimmunol Neuroinflamm ; 5(6): e500, 2018 Nov.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30211253

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Deficiency in the cytosolic DNA sensor RNA Polymerase III (POL III) was recently described in children with severe varicella-zoster virus (VZV) infection in the CNS or lungs. Here, we describe a pair of monozygotic female twins, who both experienced severe recurrent CNS vasculitis caused by VZV reactivation. The clinical presentation and findings included recurrent episodes of headache, dizziness, and neurologic deficits, CSF with pleocytosis and intrathecal VZV antibody production, and MRI of the brain showing ischemic lesions. METHODS: We performed whole-exome sequencing and identified a rare mutation in the POL III subunit POLR3F. Subsequently, antiviral responses in patient peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were examined and compared with healthy controls. RESULTS: The identified R50W POLR3F mutation is predicted by bioinformatics to be damaging, and when tested in functional assays, patient PBMCs exhibited impaired antiviral and inflammatory responses to the POL III agonist poly(dA:dT) and increased viral replication compared with controls. CONCLUSIONS: Altogether, these cases add genetic and immunologic evidence to the novel association between defects in sensing of AT-rich DNA present in the VZV genome and increased susceptibility to severe manifestations of VZV infection in the CNS in humans.

SELEÇÃO DE REFERÊNCIAS
DETALHE DA PESQUISA