The treatment effects of maxillary asymmetric mechanics with the use of the mesial-distalslider: A retrospective study.

INTRODUCTION: This study had 2 objectives: (1) to evaluate the clinical efficacy of the Mesial-Distalslider (MD) appliance when used for simultaneous maxillary molar mesialization and distalization in patients with a maxillary asymmetrical relationship and (2) to compare the outcomes with those achieved using the unilateral Mesialslider (UM) appliance. METHODS: The sample included 40 subjects (25 females and 15 males) with a mean age of 22 years (range, 8-55 years). The patients were divided into 2 groups: 20 patients treated with an MD appliance (group 1) and a group of 20 patients treated with a UM appliance (group 2). Superimposition of digital dental models using regions of interest on the palate was performed to evaluate the 3-dimensional molar movements, the proclination or retroclination of the maxillary incisors, and the displacement of the maxillary midline. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, the MD group's total movements were 4.5 ± 2.2 mm (sagittal), -0.4 ± 2.4 mm (transverse), and 0.3 ± 0.9 mm (vertical) along the mesialization side and -2.4 ± 1.7 mm (sagittal), -0.5 ± 1.5 mm (transverse), and 0.2 ± 1.4 (vertical) along the distalization side. UM group total movements were 5.5 ± 3.6 mm (sagittal), -0.4 ± 2.7 mm (transverse), and 0.1 ± 2.0 mm (vertical). Incisor displacements were minimal. No statistically significant differences were found between the MD and UM groups for all the parameters. CONCLUSIONS: The use of the MD enables controlled movements in the sagittal direction with negligible dental side effects in the other planes (transverse and vertical). Furthermore, it facilitates asymmetrical movements simultaneously in the desired direction without the patient's compliance and provides good anchorage control.

A Knowledge-Based Algorithm for Automatic Monitoring of Orthodontic Treatment: The Dental Monitoring System. Two Cases.

BACKGROUND: In the dental field, digital technology has created new opportunities for orthodontists to integrate their clinical practice, and for patients to collect information about orthodontics and their treatment, which is called "teledentistry." Dental monitoring (DM) is a recently introduced orthodontic application that combines safe teledentistry with artificial intelligence (AI) using a knowledge-based algorithm, allowing an accurate semi-automatic monitoring of the treatment. Dental Monitoring is the world's first SaaS (Software as a Service) application designed for remote monitoring of dental treatment, developed in Paris, France, with Philippe Salah as the Co-founder and CEO. CASES PRESENTATION: This report describes two cases in which DM system was essential to achieve the control of certain movements: it was possible to follow the movement, even if complex, such as the anterior cross of an adult patient and a lack of space in the canine of the growing patient. The software analyzed the fit and retention of the aligner, thus ensuring correct biomechanics. They were treated during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown with aligners. The first case is a growing patient who was monitored during an interceptive orthodontic treatment to manage a retained upper canine. The second case is an adult patient forced to finalize his treatment of upper lateral incisor crossbite. The software analyzed the fit and retention of the aligner, thus ensuring correct biomechanics. CONCLUSIONS: DM system appears to be a promising method, useful for improving the interaction between doctor and patient, generally acceptable and useful to patients, even in critical clinical situations, at least in cases with optimal compliance and ability to use the tool properly.

Short-Term Effect of Orthodontic Treatment with Clear Aligners on Pain and sEMG Activity of Masticatory Muscles.

Background and objectives: The aim of this study is to evaluate mandibular elevator muscles activity and pain on palpation in the early stages of orthodontic treatment with clear aligners using surface electromyography (sEMG). Materials and methods: Surface electromyography (sEMG) activity and pain level on muscle palpation of masseter and anterior temporalis muscles were recorded in a sample of 16 adult subjects (aged 18-32 years; mean 22.5 +/- 3.5 SD) undergoing orthodontic treatment with clear aligners before the treatment (T0), after 1 month of treatment (two clear aligners) (T1), and after 3 months of treatment (T2) (six clear aligners). A chi-square test for nominal data, a Friedman test, and a Wilcoxon-signed rank test as post hoc analysis were applied. Results: No statistically significant differences in muscular pain were observed. At T1, the sEMG activity of masseter muscles at mandibular rest position showed a statistically significant reduction, but after 3 months (T2), the data appeared similar to T0 (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02). Conclusions: During the treatment with clear aligners, subjects could experience an initial reduction in the masseter basal activity after 1 month of treatment. This effect tends to decrease to baseline levels after 3 months of therapy.

Poor oral habits and malocclusions after usage of orthodontic pacifiers: an observational study on 3-5 years old children.

BACKGROUND: Pacifier sucking habit has been associated in the literature with alterations of dental occlusion, and it could be a predisposing factor for other poor oral habits among children. Orthodontic pacifiers have been introduced in the market aiming to reduce these disadvantages caused by the conventional type of pacifiers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of poor oral habits and malocclusions, after usage of orthodontic pacifiers in children with primary dentition. METHODS: A sample of 198 pre-school children, aged 3-5 years, (96 males and 102 females) who had exclusively used an orthodontic pacifier were included in order to assess the level of poor oral habits and the absence/presence of dental malocclusion. Firstly, children's parents/legal guardians were given a validated questionnaire, then the children were clinically examined at a dental clinic. RESULTS: Most of the children (79.79%) had started using the orthodontic pacifier within the first 3 months of life, and the 43.49% of them continued using it over a period of 2 years. The recorded percentage for those who had used it throughout sleep was 89.39%. Mouth breathing during the night was reported for 36.04% of the children. Tongue thrust swallow affected 16.16% of the sample. The 5.56% of the data indicated the presence of fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The noted percentages for children with lip biting, lingual interposition between teeth at rest and those with nail biting, were 5.56, 12.63 and 15.15%, respectively. The regression revealed a significant contribution between early start of using an orthodontic pacifier with the prevalence of fingersucking/thumbsucking (OR 0.13, 95% CI 0.04-0.47, p = 0.0004). This also reported a noticeable increase of the malocclusion prevalence among the female gender (OR 2.74, 95% CI 1.42-5.31), as well as those who were not exclusively breastfed (OR 2.26, 95% CI 1.17-4.37). CONCLUSIONS: Orthodontic pacifiers does not favor the development of poor oral habits, even if it has been used for a period of 2 years in children with primary dentition. Children who begin to use orthodontic pacifier between 0 and 3 months, are less likely to acquire fingersucking/thumbsucking habit. The use of an orthodontic pacifier appears not to be correlated with the prevalence of malocclusion in primary dentition, differently from what stated in literature about the conventional type of pacifier.

Impact of molar teeth distalization with clear aligners on occlusal vertical dimension: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: A common strategy in the non-extraction treatment of Class II molar relationship is maxillary molar distalization, which could increase lower face height and cause clockwise mandibular rotation. The aim of this retrospective study was to analyse the effects on vertical dentoskeletal dimension of young adults treated with sequential distalization with orthodontic aligners. METHODS: Lateral cephalometric radiographs of 10 subjects (8 females 2 males; mean age 22.7 ± 5.3 years) treated with upper molars sequential distalization with orthodontic aligners (Invisalign, Align Technology, San Josè, California, USA) were analyzed. RESULTS: No statistically significant difference was observed for the primary outcome SN-GoGn between T0 and T1 and it was recorded a mean variation of 0.1 ± 2.0 degrees. Statistically significant differences were found in the linear position of the upper molars (6-PP, 7-PP) the molar class relationship parameter (MR) and the upper incisive inclination (1^PP) with at least p < 0.01. CONCLUSIONS: Upper molar distalization with orthodontic aligners guarantee an excellent control of the vertical dimension representing an ideal solution for the treatment of hyperdivergent or openbite subjects. It also allows an excellent control of the incisal torque without loss of anchorage during the orthodontic procedure.

Short Versus Longer Implants in Mandibular Alveolar Ridge Augmented Using Osteogenic Distraction: One-Year Follow-up of a Randomized Split-Mouth Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the reliability of 6-mm-long implants compared with normal-length implants placed in a vertical augmented atrophic posterior mandible, supporting cemented single crowns. Thirty-six patients with bilateral posterior edentulous mandible and presenting a bone availability height less than 9 mm from the mandibular canal were enrolled in this study. Patient hemiarches were randomized to receive both 6-mm-long and normal-length implants (10 mm). The technique used for the vertical bone augmentation was the "sandwich" technique, using a bone substitute block as graft. The data outcomes at 1 year postloading follow-up were the loss of implants and complications. Eighty-six 6-mm-long implants and 84 normal implants were inserted. Five short implants and 13 normal implants were lost. In 28 patients, complications occurred, and in 21 cases, the complication was present on the side of the ridge vertical augmentation. From the statistical analysis, the association between the side of the ridge augmentation and the side of occurrence of the complication was statistically significant ( P < .05). The results from this trial suggest short implants can be preferred over vertical bone augmentation for the placement of longer implants in the rehabilitation of edentulous posterior mandibles. These initial results must be confirmed by larger and longer follow-ups of 5 years or more.

Clinical and radiographic evaluation of biodentine versus calcium hydroxide in primary teeth pulpotomies: a retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Pulpotomy is the surgical removal of the entire coronal pulp with preservation of the radicular pulp vitality. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy of primary molars using two materials, biodentine and calcium hydroxide. METHODS: Records of 400 primary molars in 360 paediatric participants (mean age: 7.5 ± 1.6 years, ranging from 5 to 9 years) with dental caries who required pulp therapy were included in this study. Biodentine was used on 200 teeth, and calcium hydroxide (CH) was used on another 200 teeth, as a pulpotomy material. Clinical and radiographic evaluation was performed after 9 and 18 months. Statistical analysis was evaluated with the chi-squared test, and the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The treatment success with CH was 85.5% after 9 months and 79.5% after 18 months, while the success rate of biodentine was 94% after 9 months and 89.5% after 18 months. The statistical analysis with the Chi-squared test showed that the clinical and radiographic success rate with biodentine was significantly higher than CH (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Biodentine exhibited a higher clinical and radiographic success rate compared to CH. However, besides the clinical results, biodentine has some disadvantages, such as higher costs, compared to CH.

Difference of Success Rates of Mineral Trioxide Aggregate Pulpotomies Performed Both by Undergraduate Dental Students and by an Expert Operator: A Retrospective Study.

AIM: The aim of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic success of pulpotomy on primary molars performed by dental students compared to that performed by an expert operator. METHODS: The study was conducted on 142 second primary molars in 102 children. The patients were randomly selected from the available records. The test group (treated by dental students) included 51 subjects (28 males and 23 females, mean age: 7.2 ± 1) and the control group included 51 children (29 males and 22 females, mean age: 7.4 ± 1.2 years). After pulpotomy, a clinical and radiographic evaluation after 12 months was performed. Chi-square test and odds ratio were calculated and significance level was set at p < 0.05. RESULTS: The success rate was significantly lower, 81.6% (p < 0.05), in the test group than in the control group (93%). The test group showed less clinical and radiographic success (86% and 80%, resp.) compared to the control group (97.2% for clinical success and 93% for radiographic success). CONCLUSIONS: Pulpotomy with MTA is an effective method that ensures a good percentage of success. The clinical experience of the operator is a contributing factor.

Somatic, hematologic phenotype, long-term outcome, and effect of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. An analysis of 97 Fanconi anemia patients from the Italian national database on behalf of the Marrow Failure Study Group of the AIEOP (Italian Association of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology).

We analyzed 97 Fanconi anemia patients from a clinic/biological database for genotype, somatic, and hematologic phenotype, adverse hematological events, solid tumors, and treatment. Seventy-two patients belonged to complementation group A. Eighty percent of patients presented with mild/moderate somatic phenotype and most with cytopenia. No correlation was seen between somatic/hematologic phenotype and number of missense mutations of FANCA alleles. Over follow-up, 33% of patients improved or maintained mild/moderate cytopenia or normal blood count, whereas remaining worsened cytopenia. Eleven patients developed a hematological adverse event (MDS, AML, pathological cytogenetics) and three developed solid tumors. 10 years cumulative risk of death of the whole cohort was 25.6% with median follow-up 5.8 years. In patients eligible to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation because of moderate cytopenia, mortality was significantly higher in subjects transplanted from matched unrelated donor over nontransplanted subjects, whereas there was no significant difference between matched sibling donor transplants and nontransplanted patients. In patients eligible to transplant because of severe cytopenia and clonal disease, mortality risk was not significantly different in transplanted from matched unrelated versus matched sibling donor versus nontransplanted subjects. The decision to transplant should rely on various elements including, type of donor, HLA matching, patient comorbidities, impairment, and clonal evolution of hematopoiesis. Am. J. Hematol. 91:666-671, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Severe Crowding Associated with Lower Canine Premature Resorption: Interceptive Treatment with Clear Aligners-A Pilot Study.

BACKGROUND: Early mixed dentition represents a critical phase since crowding conditions can occur. The interceptive resolution of dental crowding allows favorable arch and occlusal development. The aim of the present investigation was to evaluate dentoalveolar changes of clear aligner treatment planned to manage lower incisor crowding, loss of arch length, and midline deviation in early mixed dentition. METHODS: A total of 13 patients (7 females, 6 males, 9.4 ± 1.2 age) treated with clear aligners were selected. Arch dimensions and incisor inclinations were evaluated before (T0) and at the end of interceptive treatment (T1). A paired t-test was chosen to compare T1-T0 changes. The level of significance was set at 5%. RESULTS: The greatest significant increase in mandibular width was observed at the level of the first deciduous molars (+2.44 ± 1.4 mm), followed by the second permanent molars (+2.16 ± 1.4 mm). Lower arch length and arch depth showed a statistically relevant increase (2 ± 0.6 mm and 4.5 ± 1.6 mm, respectively). The mean lower dental midline changes were statistically significant (1.42 ± 0.73 mm). CONCLUSIONS: Early treatment with clear aligners, including the combination of transversal arch development, maintenance of leeway space, and guidance of eruption, represents a valid treatment strategy in early mixed dentition to manage arch crowding and occlusion development.

Upper Midline Correction Using the Mesial-Distalslider.

AIM: The purpose of the present study is the three-dimensional (3D) analysis of molar and incisor movements that occur during the correction of the upper midline deviation by using the Mesial-Distalslider appliance. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 20 consecutive patients (12 women and 8 men; mean age 19.6 ± 11.1 years) were selected from the Orthodontic Department of Heinrich-Heine University of Düsseldorf. To correct the upper midline deviation (>2 mm), the patients were treated with asymmetric mechanics (mesialization on one side and distalization on the contralateral side) with the aid of Mesial-Distalslider. Dental casts were taken for each patient before (T0) and after the treatment (T1). The casts were 3D digitized and the models were superimposed on the palatal anterior region. Three-dimensional molar movements and sagittal incisor movements (proclination and retroclination) were assessed for T0 and T1. RESULTS: At the end of the treatment, the total movements of the molars resulted in 4.5 ± 2.2 mm (antero-posterior direction), -0.4 ± 2.4 mm (transverse direction) and 0.3 ± 0.9 mm (vertical direction) on the mesialization side, and -2.4 ± 1.7 mm (antero-posterior direction), -0.5 ± 1.5 mm (transverse direction) and 0.2 ± 1.4 mm (vertical direction) on the distalization side. Incisor displacement was 0.9 mm ± 1.7 (mesialization side) and 0.6 mm ± 0.7 (distalization side). CONCLUSION: The Mesial-Distalslider appliance could be considered a valuable tool in orthodontic treatment for upper midline correction. Within the limits of a retrospective study, asymmetric molar movements appeared possible without clinically relevant anchorage loss.

Clinical Efficacy and Tolerability of a New Experimental Mucoadhesive Patch for Topical Anesthesia of Oral Mucosa in Pediatric Dentistry.

Background: The injection of local anesthetics is the procedure that still causes the most fear and anxiety in a dental session; to minimize this problem, we can use topical anesthesia. The aim of this study is to analyze the tolerability and the clinical efficacy in the control of pain, during the subsequent injection of the local anesthetic, of an experimental anesthetic patch with a new formulation, which was previously tested in gel formula. Methods: A total of 150 children, aged 4 to 9 years, were included in the study. Each patient was treated using three different pre-anesthesia methods (placebo gel, experimental gel, and experimental patch), according to a split-mouth procedure, within a week of each other. The injection pain was analyzed using the WBFPRS and FLACC scales. Patients' caregivers' satisfaction was recorded at the end of the procedures. The data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA-RM, Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney, Mann-Whitney U, and χ2 tests. Results: In this study, significantly higher pain ratings were observed with the topical placebo gel and lower pain ratings were observed with the experimental patch. Conclusion: The use of the patch proved to be very effective in reducing pain both subjectively and objectively, in the absence of both local and systemic side effects, validating its use in the oral mucosa.

An evaluation of the Invisalign® Aligner Technique and consideration of the force system: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVE: Since its introduction 25 years ago, the Invisalign® system has undergone multiple digital and biomechanical evolutions and its effectiveness is often compared to traditional systems without considering the many differences which characterize them. The main aim of this systematic review is to look at the literature dealing with studies on teeth movements using the Invisalign® system and the management of these movements through digital planning and artificial intelligence. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The following electronic databases were searched: MEDLINE, Embase, the Cochrane Oral Health Group's Trials Register, and CENTRAL. Unpublished studies were searched on ClinicalTrials.gov, the National Research Register, and Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database. RESULTS: Twenty-four studies (15 retrospective, 5 prospective, 2 pilot, and 2 case-control) were included. The results of the analysis carried out on the available literature show that the Invisalign® system is recognized to be a valid alternative to conventional orthodontic treatment in no-extraction cases. The results are influenced by the methods for assessing the effectiveness of this technique and by the comparison bias of the traditional system with the innovative digital system. CONCLUSIONS: Since the introduction of SmartForce and SmartTrack material, the efficacy of the treatment has improved. There is still a shortage of high-quality evidence concerning the treatment modality. In order to make the treatment with the aligners more efficient, a correct management of the ClinCheck® software and a proper use of the biomechanics are necessary. The aligned force-driven system should be taken into account when developing the digital planning.

Systematic Review of Zinc's Benefits and Biological Effects on Oral Health.

BACKGROUND: This review was based on the following question: "What is the state-of-the-art regarding the effect of zinc exposure in the oral cavity on a population of adults and children, compared to dental products containing materials other than zinc, considering in vivo (clinical trials and observational studies) and in vitro studies?" according to a PICOS strategy format. This study aims to analyze zinc application in dental materials, with different compositions and chemical formulations, considering how mechanical and biological properties may influence its clinical applicability. METHODS: In vivo (clinical trials: controlled clinical trials (CCTs) and randomized controlled trials (RCTs); and observational studies: case control and cohort studies) trials or in vitro studies published in English or Italian during the last 10 years on children and adult patients with zinc exposure were included by three different reviewers using the MEDLINE (via PubMed), Scopus, and Web of Science electronic databases. RESULTS: Titles and abstracts were evaluated following the eligibility criteria. The full texts of eligible studies were then reviewed against the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Scientific and technical information of the 33 included studies were collected into evidence tables, reporting data on in vivo and in vitro studies. A narrative approach was adopted. CONCLUSIONS: Antibacterial activity was found to be the most studied property of zinc, but further investigations are needed to establish adjuvant zinc therapies in patients with oral disease.

Bioactive Peptides Derived from Edible Insects: Effects on Human Health and Possible Applications in Dentistry.

Novel foods, including edible insects, are emerging because of their nutritional characteristics and low environmental impacts and could represent a valid alternative source of food in a more sustainable way. Edible insects have been shown to have beneficial effects on human health. Insect-derived bioactive peptides exert antihypertensive, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial properties and have protective effects against common metabolic conditions. In this review, the roles of edible insects in human health are reported, and the possible applications of these peptides in clinical practice are discussed. A special mention is given to the role of antimicrobial peptides and their potential applications in controlling infections in orthodontic procedures. In this context, insects' antimicrobial peptides might represent a potential tool to face the onset of infective endocarditis, with a low chance to develop resistances, and could be manipulated and optimized to replace common antibiotics used in clinical practice so far. Although some safety concerns must be taken into consideration, and the isolation and production of insect-derived proteins are far from easy, edible insects represent an interesting source of peptides, with beneficial effects that may be, in the future, integrated into clinical and orthodontic practice.

Effectiveness and Tolerability of a New Formulation of a Topical Anesthetic in Reduction of Pain and Parents' Satisfaction in Pediatric Dentistry.

The aim of the present study was to test a new topical anesthetic gel with a different formulation (10% lidocaine, 10% prilocaine) to analyze its effectiveness in pain control, during the subsequent injection of local anesthetic, and the presence of any side effects. METHODS: The study's research design was a randomized controlled clinical trial on 300 children, aged 5-8 years, divided into two groups, each of 150 patients, according to pre-injection procedures (presence or absence of topical anesthesia). The injection pain was analyzed using the Wong-Baker Faces Pain Rating Scale (PRS) and the Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability Scale (FLACC). At the end of the procedures, patients' parents' satisfaction was recorded. The data were analyzed using the Student's T test, Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square test. RESULTS: There were statistically significant differences between the two groups both in the PRS and FLACC ratings. Both in subjective and objective pain evaluations, significantly higher pain ratings were observed in the group without topical anesthesia. There was also a statistically significant difference in terms of patients' parents' judgment, as in the group with the use of topical anesthetic the level of parental satisfaction is statistically higher. CONCLUSION: The experimental anesthetic has proved very effective in its use as a topical gel in both pain measurement scales, thus validating its use on the oral mucosa, for its pharmacological and psychological effect, in the total absence of local and systemic side effects.

Effects of Rapid Palatal Expansion on the Upper Airway Space in Children with Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA): A Case-Control Study.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) in children needs a multidisciplinary approach. Even if the first-line treatment of pediatric OSA is adenotonsillectomy, nowadays rapid palatal expansion (RPE) is considered a valid additional treatment. The aim of this study is to evaluate cephalometric changes in upper airways dimensions after rapid palatal expansion (RPE) in children suffering from Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). A total of 37 children (range age 4-10 years) with diagnosis of OSA referred to Dentistry Unit of Bambino Gesù Children's Research Hospital IRCCS (Rome, Italy) were included in this pre-post study and underwent lateral radiographs at the start (T0) and at the end (T1) of a RPE treatment. Inclusion criteria were: diagnosis of OSA confirmed by cardiorespiratory polygraphy (AHI > 1) or pulse oximetry (McGill = >2), skeletal maxillary contraction evaluated by presence of posterior crossbite. A control group of 39 untreated patients (range age 4-11 years), in good general health, was set up. A paired T-test was used to investigate the statistical differences between T0 and T1 values in both groups. The results showed a statistically significant increase of nasopharyngeal width in the treated group after RPE treatment. Moreover, the angle that identifies mandibular divergence compared to palatal plane (PP-MP°) was significantly reduced. In the control group, no statistically significant differences were observed. The present study showed that RPE treatment determines a significant sagittal space increase in the upper airways space and a counterclockwise mandibular growth in children with OSA compared to a control group. These results suggest that a widening of the nasal cavities induced by RPE may support a return to physiological nasal breathing and promote a counterclockwise mandibular growth in children. This evidence confirms the crucial role of the orthodontist in the management of OSA in pediatric patients.

Effects of Rapid Maxillary Expander and Delaire Mask Treatment on Airway Sagittal Dimensions in Pediatric Patients Affected by Class III Malocclusion and Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome.

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that is very common in pediatric patients. In the literature, there are very few studies concerning the association between OSAS and class III malocclusion in children. The use of a rapid maxillary expander (RME) in association with the Delaire mask is a common treatment protocol for class III malocclusion. The aim of this work was to evaluate the cephalometric variations of upper airway dimensions and OSA-related clinical conditions after orthodontic treatment with an RME and the Delaire mask, as recorded in pediatric patients with a class III malocclusion who were affected by OSAS. In this preliminary study, 14 pediatric patients with mixed dentition, aged between 6 and 10 years, were selected. All patients were treated with an RME and the Delaire mask. Pre- and post-treatment cephalometric radiographs were traced, analyzed, and compared. The results demonstrated a significant increase in the upper airway linear measurements and the nasopharyngeal and oropharyngeal dimensions (p ≤ 0.05). This increase creates an improvement in airway patency and in OSAS-related clinical conditions. The use of the RME in association with the Delaire mask can be effective in the treatment of pediatric patients with a class III malocclusion who are affected by OSAS.

Intercepting of Class III Malocclusion with a Novel Mechanism Built on the Orthopaedic Appliance: A Case Report.

AIM: The following case report aims to show a novel orthopaedic appliance to reduce the side effects of the orthopaedic Class III treatment through the use of two acrylic splints combined with a PowerScope device. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This case report describes the treatment of a 6-year-old patient with a skeletal Class III relationship with a maxillary deficiency and a severe hyperdivergency. The patient underwent a sagittal orthopaedic treatment with a PowerScope device for 12 months. The retention period lasted 4 months. RESULTS: The response of the craniofacial complex to the active orthopaedic treatment of the Class III malocclusion with the PowerScope™ device splints consisted of significant changes in maxillary growth and position. Both angular and linear sagittal measurements of the maxilla showed improvements during active treatment, respectively, of 0.6° and 1.2 mm (SNA from 75.8° to 76.4°; maxillary length from 38.8 mm to 40 mm). These effects allowed for a highly significant improvement in the maxillomandibular skeletal relationships. ANB improved by 1.6° and Wits appraisal by 4 mm. Using this appliance in a hyperdivergent patient, we obtained a vertical control of the mandible with a SN/Go-Gn stable value at 40° and a significant improvement of the ANS-PNS/GoGn angle from 30° to 28°. CONCLUSION: The Class III orthopaedic treatment with the PowerScope™ telescopic and NiTi spring device mounted on the upper and lower resin splints in a Class III correction offered good vertical control during the early orthopaedic treatment by improving the skeletal discrepancy and controlling the hyperdivergency, which is one of the most difficult factors to control in Class III malocclusions.