Enantioselective conjugate addition of malonates to α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes catalysed by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase.

The enantioselective conjugate addition of malonates to α,ß-unsaturated aldehydes catalysed by 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase is described. High conversions, high enantioselectivities, and good isolation yields were achieved for a range of substrates. We further completed a four-step synthesis of the antidepressant (+)-femoxetine by utilizing this reaction and an enzymatic reductive amination reaction.

Correlation analysis of structural and functional changes in the carotid artery in patients with H-type hypertension using ultrasound radiofrequency.

OBJECTIVES: To perform a correlation analysis on the structural and functional changes of the carotid artery in patients with H-type hypertension. METHODS: Outpatients and inpatients with hypertension in our hospital between 2017 and 2018 were selected and divided into the H-type hypertension group (primary hypertension + plasma homocysteine ≥ 10 umol/l) (n = 30) and the simple hypertension group (primary hypertension + plasma Hcy < 10 umol/l) (n = 30) based on the plasma homocysteine (Hcy), and 30 healthy people were included in the control group. Thickness and stiffness parameters of the intima of the carotid artery (compliance coefficient [CC], stiffness index [ß], and pulse wave velocity [PWV]) were measured for all study participants using ultrasound radiofrequency signal-based quality intima-media thickness (QIMT) and quantitative arterial stiffness (QAS) for contrast analysis. RESULTS: Indexes such as QIMT, ß, and PWV of the carotid artery were significantly higher, and the CC was significantly lower in the H-type hypertension group and simple hypertension group than the control group (p < .05), and the difference was statistically significant; these indexes were significantly higher in the H-type hypertension group than in the simple hypertension group, and the CC was significantly lower than in the control group (p < .05), and the difference was statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS: Hypertension can accelerate structural and functional changes of the carotid artery intima, with these changes being more significant in H-type hypertension. The ultrasound radiofrequency technique can be used to quantitatively evaluate the structure and function of the carotid artery in patients with H-type hypertension.

Effects of Serotonin on Cell Viability, Permeability of Bovine Mammary Gland Epithelial Cells and Their Transcriptome Analysis.

Serotonin (5-HT) has been reported to play an important role in mammary gland involution that is defined as the process through which the gland returns to a nonlactating state. However, the overall picture of the regulatory mechanisms of 5-HT and the effects of serotonylation on mammary gland involution still need to be further investigated. The current study aimed to investigate the effects of 5-HT on global gene expression profiles of bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) and to preliminarily examine whether the serotonylation involved in the mammary gland involution by using Monodansylcadaverine (MDC), a competitive inhibitor of transglutaminase 2. Results showed that a high concentration of 5-HT decreased viability and transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) in MAC-T cells. Transcriptome analysis indicated that 2477 genes were differentially expressed in MAC-T cells treated with 200 µg/mL of 5-HT compared with the control group, and the Notch, p53, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways were enriched. MDC influenced 5-HT-induced MAC-T cell death, fatty acid synthesis, and the formation and disruption of tight junctions. Overall, a high concentration of 5-HT is able to accelerate mammary gland involution, which may be regulated through the Notch, p53, and PI3K-Akt signaling pathways. Serotonylation is involved in bovine mammary gland involution.

An improved nonnegative matrix factorization with the imputation method model for pollution source apportionment during rainstorm events.

Data scarcity caused by extreme conditions during storms adds difficulties in performing pollution source apportionment. This study integrated nonnegative matrix factorization with the imputation method (NMF-IM) to fill in missing data (NAs) and conduct source apportionment. A total of 367 river samples and 35 runoff samples were taken from the Banqiao and Nanfei River basins located in Hefei, China, during four rainfall events from June to August 2020. Sixteen indicators were quantified and used for source diagnostics using NMF-IM. The results showed that total phosphorus (TP) had higher concentrations and more violent fluctuations than total nitrogen (TN) in river samples taken from rain. NMF-IM was shown to recover the value distribution of NAs approximately. The source profiles and contribution rates calculated by NMF-IM with NAs were close to the original results calculated by NMF without NAs, with root mean square error of less than 2.3% and differences less than 9.5%. Multiple forms of nitrogen and phosphorus indicators benefit reaching reasonable source diagnostics results. At least four indicators were needed to reach the same contribution rates as 16 indicator diagnostics. The two good indicator combination groups are nitrate (NO3-N), nitrite (NO2-N), ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N), and total suspended solids (TSS) and NO3-N, NO2-N, phosphorus (PO4-P), and TSS. The pollution source contributions changed with the Antecedent dry period (ADPs) of rain events. Treated tailwater and untreated sewage were major sources, contributing more than 80% of the total pollution of the rainstorm events with short ADPs. Dust wash became the dominant contributor after 60 min and contributed 36% of the total pollution of rainstorm events with long ADPs. The average source contribution rates for rainfall events in the Banqiao River were treated tailwater (41%) > untreated sewage (27%) > dust wash (19%) > other sources (16%). The pollution source diagnostics results were verified to be reasonable by simulation using tested run-off data and literature results.

Response of antimony distribution in street dust to urban road traffic conditions.

Little is known about the relationship between traffic congestion and antimony (Sb) distribution in street dust, which is essential for Sb control and emission reduction in urban areas. Sb concentrations and mass load of the street dust collected in 19 cities of China were determined before investigating the mechanism of traffic influence on Sb distribution through diverse statistical means. The results showed that the Sb concentrations in each city were 1.10-4.76 times higher than the local background values. Sb concentrations in transportation areas were significantly higher than those in residential and industrial areas, and were significantly affected by road network density. The effect of congestion on Sb load of street dust was influenced by vehicle flowrate. Only when the vehicle flowrate was high, the traffic congestion would promote the increase of Sb load obviously. The improved accounting method showed that the Sb dissipation from brake wear in major Chinese cities were higher than that in Stockholm, Sweden, in 2005. The latent path analysis illustrated that a 1% increase in congestion index was correlated with a 0.886% increase in the Sb load. Compared with Switzerland, which has a typical industrialized Sb consumption pattern, China needs to recycle brake pads in addition to taking various measures to alleviate traffic congestion and reduce brake pad wear, despite the fact that the maximum health risk of Sb was far below the safety threshold. This study will provide valuable insights for urban traffic management and brake pad recycling.

Water quality responses to rainfall and surrounding land uses in urban lakes.

The effect of rainfall on the water quality of urban lakes is related to the surrounding land use types. Six lakes surrounded by business units (commercial lakes) and park green spaces (park lakes) in the central area of Beijing, China, were monitored between June 2013 and October 2015. A total of 638 water samples were obtained. The results showed that the water quality was generally worse in the rainy season than in the dry season, with the mean dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration declining by 25.1 %. Compared to the rise in DO of park lakes after rainfall, commercial lakes showed a decreased DO. The nitrate nitrogen (NO3--N) concentration decreased after rain, and that in commercial lakes decreased more than that in park lakes. Different from DO and NO3--N, the ammonia nitrogen (NH4+-N)), total suspended solids (TSS) and total phosphorus (TP) concentrations of the lakes increased obviously after rain. The values in park lakes increased 138 % (NH4+-N)), 120 % (TSS) and 69 % (TP) more than those in commercial lakes. Principal component analysis (PCA) results illustrated that green space was the main source of TSS and TP for urban lakes. Most of the nitrogen (N) comes from artificial impervious surfaces. These results will help target pollutant control for urban lakes.

Long-term effectiveness of one-time endoscopic screening for esophageal cancer: A community-based study in rural China.

BACKGROUND: Evidence is required to quantify the population-level effects of endoscopic screening for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC). The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effectiveness of 1-time endoscopic ESCC screening in a Chinese rural population. METHODS: This community-based cohort study was based on an existing esophageal cancer screening program in Feicheng City, China. The screening group consisted of all permanent residents aged 40 to 69 years in 17 villages who were screened during 2006 through 2009, and the control group consisted of residents in another 43 villages who were not yet covered by the screening program. Residents in the remaining 511 villages were defined as the total population control. The cumulative incidence and mortality of ESCC and the observed and expected numbers of ESCC cases and deaths during the follow-up period (2010-2018) were calculated and compared. RESULTS: After a 9-year follow-up, the screening group (n = 8460) revealed reductions of 20% (relative risk, 0.80; 95% CI, 0.66-0.97) and 32% (relative risk, 0.68; 95% CI, 0.52-0.89) in ESCC cumulative incidence and mortality, respectively, compared with the control group (n = 20,468). Endoscopic screening prevented 0.41% of the population (attributable risk, 0.41%; 95% CI, 0.07%-0.75%) from ESCC occurrence and 0.38% (attributable risk, 0.38%; 95% CI, 0.14%-0.62%) from ESCC-related death. In the screening group, reductions of 43% (standardized incidence ratio, 0.57; 95% CI, 0.48-0.67) and 45% (standardized mortality ratio, 0.55; 95% CI, 0.44-0.69) were found in the observed cumulative cases and deaths, respectively, compared with the expected cases and deaths. CONCLUSIONS: One-time endoscopic screening was associated with a significant and consistent reduction in ESCC incidence and mortality among individuals aged 40 to 69 years in high-risk areas.

Numerical design of a high-performance polarization beam splitter assisted by composite subwavelength gratings.

We report a compact polarization beam splitter (PBS) consisting of slotted waveguides assisted by composite subwavelength gratings (CSWGs) on a silicon-on-insulator platform. By tailoring the material anisotropy of the CSWGs, coupling strengths of transverse-electric (TE) and transverse-magnetic (TM) polarization coupling strengths are respectively suppressed and enhanced significantly, achieving concurrent improvements in polarization extinction ratio (PER), device footprint, and working bandwidth (BW) compared with purely slotted waveguides. Differing in construction from mono-material SWGs, the CSWGs comprise silicon strips covered with a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer of the same thickness as the slot layer of the slotted waveguides, simplifying the fabrication process and further reducing device length. Numerical simulations show significant improvement in PERTM from about 15 dB for the purely slotted waveguides to 28 dB for the proposed design, with a 40% reduction in device length at a wavelength of λ = 1550 nm. Within a BW of ∼60 nm, the proposed PBS achieves PERTM ∼25 dB, PERTE >15 dB, and insertion loss (ILs) <0.1 dB for TE and TM modes. Fabrication tolerance investigations are also described and discussed. The proposed idea paves the way for simultaneous improvements in PER, footprint, and working BW for PBSs comprising a variety of coupled-waveguide systems.

Petersen estimator, Chapman adjustment, list effects, and heterogeneity.

We use a nonparametric mixture model for the purpose of estimating the size of a population from multiple lists in which both the individual effects and list effects are allowed to vary. We propose a lower bound of the population size that admits an analytic expression. The lower bound can be estimated without the necessity of model-fitting. The asymptotical normality of the estimator is established. Both the estimator itself and that for the estimable bound of its variance are adjusted. These adjusted versions are shown to be unbiased in the limit. Simulation experiments are performed to assess the proposed approach and real applications are studied.

Chemical adsorption of oxytetracycline from aqueous solution by modified molecular sieves.

The removal of oxytetracycline (OTC) from aqueous solution on modified molecular sieve via adsorption was investigated in the present work. The copper(II) modified molecular sieve had the much higher adsorbed amount than unmodified one. The bigger pore, the more adsorption sites benefitted for the adsorbed amount of OTC. The exchanged amount of copper(II) and the acid-base property of solution were important factors influencing the removal efficiency. The adsorption kinetics, the adsorption isotherm, the adsorption thermodynamics and the proposed adsorption mechanism were studied. The analysis of adsorption isotherm indicated it is a monolayer adsorption. The fitting with adsorption kinetics, pseudo-second-order model, deduced chemical adsorption is the main rate controlling step. And the new formation of Cu-O chemical bond and the changes at bands of N-H vibration and C-N vibration by Fourier transform infrared spectrometer further confirmed the proposal adsorption mechanism was the chemical complexation of copper(II) in modified 13X with NH2 group of OTC. As the real exchanged amount of copper(II) was 149.07 mg·g-1 and the solution pH 7.0, the adsorption capacity of modified 13X for OTC reached the maximum of 2,396 mg·g-1 (with the initial concentration of 1,000 mg·L-1).

Superiority of laparoscopy in the peritoneal dialysis catheter reset surgery.

Peritoneal dialysis catheter surgery has been used in clinical treatment for nearly 40 years, and open surgery under local anesthesia is the conventional method. However, catheter displacement after open surgery is still the thorny issue during our clinical practice. Then the reset surgery is often required to be taken again. Nowadays, laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter draws our attention due to its advantages of accurate positioning, smaller incision, and less pain, and its clinical application has been limited. While laparoscopic surgery is recognized, there are few relevant studies on whether there is difference during the catheter reset process between the two surgical approaches. In this study, we mainly discussed the rate of secondary catheter migration, the incidence of complications after catheter reset for two surgical approaches and the hospital stay as well as the total clinical cost for the two surgical approaches. In this study, we retrospectively analyzed 25 cases of end-stage renal disease, who received catheterization for peritoneal dialysis and regular peritoneal dialysis in our hospital from March 2010 to December 2013, and had a medical history of catheter migration. We collected the relevant clinical data for all patients. Fifteen patients selected laparoscopic catheter reset, and 10 patients selected the traditional surgical method for catheter reset by themselves. For all patients enrolled, we analyzed the incidence of secondary catheter migration and postoperative complications, hospitalization time, and total cost for different methods of reset. Through the studies above, we found that laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter surgery offered accurate catheter location and a small incision that was easy to heal. Besides, the incidence of postoperative complications for the laparoscopic surgery was lower than that for traditional surgical approach for catheter reset. The average hospitalization time for laparoscopic surgery was shorter than that for the traditional surgical approach. The total cost of laparoscopic surgery was more than that of the traditional surgery. Therefore, the rational application of a laparoscopic peritoneal dialysis catheter and reset surgery can increase the success rate of peritoneal dialysis, reduce the complications, shorten hospitalization time of patients, and thus enhance patient's confidence to stick it out.

Biomimetic mineralization of hydrated magnesium carbonate for hydrogel reinforcement and heavy metal adsorption.

With excessive Mn(Ⅱ) and Cu(Ⅱ) pollution in aquatic environments posing potential health risks to inhabitants, the emergence of carbon capture, utilization and storage (CCUS) technology has promoted the improvement of heavy metal remediation technologies. Using hydrothermal sediment as a crystal seed, rhamnolipid was used to mediate biomimetic mineralization to prepare hydrated magnesium carbonate (HMC) composites to enhance the Mn(Ⅱ)/Cu(Ⅱ) adsorption performance of alginate hydrogels. Hydrothermal sediment is beneficial for accelerating biomimetic mineralization, while rhamnolipid can induce a crystalline phase transformation from dypingite to nesquehonite. The addition of sediment significantly enhanced the compressive mechanical properties and thermal stability of the hydrogels. The adsorption performances of the nesquehonite and dypingite hydrogels were better for Mn(II) and Cu(II), respectively. An increase in the amount of sediment improved the adsorption of Cu(II) by the hydrogels appropriately, resulting in stronger selectivity for Cu(II). The adsorption of Mn(II) and Cu(II) on the hydrogel beads was thermodynamically spontaneous. The inhibitory effects of sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (SDBS), fulvic acid (FA) and alginate on Cu(II) adsorption were more obvious than those of bovine serum albumin (BSA). Both the complexation of functional groups on alginate and mineralization by HMC participated in the adsorption of Mn(II) and Cu(II).

Contrasting fate and binding behavior of Mn and Cu with dissolved organic matter during in situ remediation using multicomponent capping in malodorous black water.

The common use of peroxides in the remediation of malodorous black water may lead to the activation of heavy metals in sediment when eliminating black and odorous substances. The mechanisms of heavy metal interactions with dissolved organic matter (DOM) in response to in situ capping have not been elucidated, but this information could guide the optimization of capping materials. We developed a capping material consisting of hydrothermally carbonized sediment (HCS), hydrated magnesium carbonate (HMC) and sodium percarbonate (SPC) and used microcosm experiments to investigate the dynamics of Mn and Cu at the sediment-water interface in malodorous black water. The results showed that HCS, HMC and SPC contributed multiple functions of mechanical protection, chemical isolation and oxygen provision to the new caps. HMC promoted the conversion of Mn/Cu into carbonate minerals. The optimal mass proportions were 25 % HCS, 60 % HMC and 15 % SPC based on the mixture design. In situ capping altered the fate and transformation of metals in the sediment-overlying water profile in the short term through Mn immobilization and Cu activation. The complexation of Cu(II) ions was significantly stronger than that of Mn(II) ions. In situ capping had a significant effect on the order of complexation of different fluorescent DOM molecules with Mn(II)/Cu(II) ions: microbial byproducts and fulvic acid-like components were preferentially complexed with Cu(II) ions after capping, while phenolic and humic acid-like components preferentially interacted with Mn(II) ions. Humic-like components bound to Cu were affected the most by capping treatment, whereas protein-like components were relatively weakly affected. Our study provides valuable knowledge on the impact of in situ capping on DOM-metal complexes.

Organic Passivation-Enhanced Ferroelectricity in Perovskite Oxide Films.

Perovskite oxides and organic-inorganic halide perovskite materials, with numerous fascinating features, have been subjected to extensive studies. Most of the properties of perovskite materials are dependence on their ferroelectricity that denoted by remanent polarization (Pr). Thus, the increase of Pr in perovskite films is mainly an effort in material physics. At present, commonplace improvement schemes, i.e., controlling material crystallinity, and post-annealing by using a high-temperature process, are normally used. However, a simpler and temporal strategy for Pr improvement is always unavailable to perovskite material researchers. In this study, an organic coating layer, low-temperature, and vacuum-free strategy is proposed to improve the Pr, directly increasing the Pr from 36 to 56 µC cm-2. Further study finds that the increased Pr originates from the suppression of the oxygen defects and Ti defects. This organic coating layer strategy for passivating the defects may open a new way for the preparation of higher-performance and cost-effective perovskite products, further improving its prospective for application in the electron devices field.

The Development of Carbon/Silicon Heterojunction Solar Cells through Interface Passivation.

Passivating contactsin heterojunction (HJ) solar cells have shown great potential in reducing recombination losses, and thereby achieving high power conversion efficiencies in photovoltaic devices. In this direction, carbon nanomaterials have emerged as a promising option for carbon/silicon (C/Si) HJsolar cells due to their tunable band structure, wide spectral absorption, high carrier mobility, and properties such as multiple exciton generation. However, the current limitations in efficiency and active area have hindered the industrialization of these devices. In this review, they examine the progress made in overcoming these constraints and discuss the prospect of achieving high power conversion efficiency (PCE) C/Si HJ devices. A C/Si HJ solar cell is also designed by introducing an innovative interface passivation strategy to further boost the PCE and accelerate the large area preparationof C/Si devices. The physical principle, device design scheme, and performanceoptimization approaches of this passivated C/Si HJ cells are discussed. Additionally, they outline potential future pathways and directions for C/Si HJ devices, including a reduction in their cost to manufacture and their incorporation intotandem solar cells. As such, this review aims to facilitate a deeperunderstanding of C/Si HJ solar cells and provide guidance for their further development.

Comparison of the upper and lower airway microbiome in early postoperative lung transplant recipients.

The upper and lower respiratory tract may share microbiome because they are directly continuous, and the nasal microbiome contributes partially to the composition of the lung microbiome. But little is known about the upper and lower airway microbiome of early postoperative lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Using 16S rRNA gene sequencing, we compared paired nasal swab (NS) and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs. The microbiome between the two compartments were significantly different in Shannon diversity and beta diversity. Four and eight core NS-associated and BALF-associated microbiome were identified, respectively. NS samples harbored more Corynebacterium, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas, while BALF contained more Ralstonia, Stenotrophomonas, Enterococcus, and Pedobacter. The within-subject dissimilarity was higher than the between-subject dissimilarity, indicating a greater impact of sampling sites than sampling individuals on microbial difference. There were both difference and homogeneity between NS and BALF microbiome in early postoperative LTRs. High levels of pathogens were detected in both samples, suggesting that both of them can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. The differences between upper and lower airway microbiome mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals. IMPORTANCE: Lung transplantation is the only therapeutic option for patients with end-stage lung disease, but its outcome is much worse than other solid organ transplants. Little is known about the NS and BALF microbiome of early postoperative LTRs. Here, we compared paired samples of the nasal and lung microbiome from 17 early postoperative LTRs and showed both difference and homogeneity between the two samples. Most of the "core" microbiome in both NS and BALF samples were recognized respiratory pathogens, suggesting that both samples can reflect the diseases characteristics of transplanted lung. We also found that the differences between upper and lower airway microbiome in early postoperative LTRs mainly come from sampling sites instead of sampling individuals.

On population size estimators in the Poisson mixture model.

Estimating population sizes via capture-recapture experiments has enormous applications. The Poisson mixture model can be adopted for those applications with a single list in which individuals appear one or more times. We compare several nonparametric estimators, including the Chao estimator, the Zelterman estimator, two jackknife estimators and the bootstrap estimator. The target parameter of the Chao estimator is a lower bound of the population size. Those of the other four estimators are not lower bounds, and they may produce lower confidence limits for the population size with poor coverage probabilities. A simulation study is reported and two examples are investigated.

Co-encapsulation of resveratrol in fish oil microcapsules optimally stabilized by enzyme-crosslinked whey protein with gum Arabic.

O/W emulsion and its spray-dried microcapsule contain the oil phase and the protein matrix, providing the potential to co-encapsulate different antioxidants. However, antioxidants were generally encapsulated in the oil phase of microcapsule, its protein matrix is rarely used. It is first to prove the possibility to encapsulate resveratrol in the emulsified oil droplets at high wall/core ratios. The optimal microcapsule with 1.75% surface oil was fabricated with 15% transglutaminase-crosslinked WPI (TGase-WPI) and 5% gum Arabic (GA). Resveratrol mainly located in the protein matrix of initial emulsion and reconstituted microcapsule. The effects of TGase-WPI/GA microcapsule and resveratrol co-encapsulation on DHA/EPA and lipid hydroperoxides/TBARS were different. The interfacial protein, the partition of resveratrol in the emulsified oil droplets and its storage stability and inhibitory effect on size change of reconstituted microcapsules increased as the polyphenol increased. These results expand the potential use of spray-dried microcapsules as co-encapsulation carriers.

General population preferences for cancer care in health systems of China: A discrete choice experiment.

BACKGROUND: The increasing incidence of cancer in China has posed considerable challenges for cancer care delivery systems. This study aimed to determine the general population's preferences for cancer care, to provide evidence for building a people-centered integrated cancer care system. METHODS: We conducted a discrete choice experiment that involved 1,200 participants in Shandong Province. Individuals were asked to choose between cancer care scenarios based on the type and level of hospitals, with various out-of-pocket costs, waiting time, and contact working in the hospitals. Individual preferences, willingness to pay, and uptake rate were estimated using a mixed-logit model. RESULTS: This study included 848 respondents (70.67%). Respondents preferred county hospitals with shorter hospitalization waiting times and contact working in hospitals. Compared to the reference levels, the three highest willingness to pay values were related to waiting time for hospitalization (¥97,857.69-¥145411.70-¥212,992.10/$14512.70-$21565.16-$31587.61), followed by the county-level hospital (¥32,545.13/$4826.58). The preferences of the different groups of respondents were diverse. Based on a county-level general hospital with contact in the hospital, 50% out-of-pocket costs and a waiting time of 15 days, the probability of seeking baseline care was 0.37. Reducing the waiting time from 15 to 7, 3, and 0 days, increases the probability of choosing a county-level hospital from 0.37 to 0.58, 0.64, and 0.70, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: This study suggests that there is a substantial interest in attending county-level hospitals and that reducing hospitalization waiting time is the most effective measure to increase the probability of seeking cancer care in county-level hospitals.

Willingness to pay for packaging cancer screening of Chinese rural residents.

BACKGROUND: This study examined the acceptance and willingness to pay (WTP) of rural residents toward packaging cancer screening (PCS) to provide a reference basis for promoting the screening sustainable development. METHODS: A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted among rural residents aged 40-69. The combination of double-bounded dichotomous choices and open-ended questions in the Contingent Valuation Method was used to guide participants' WTP. Logistic regression was used to explore the influencing factors of participants' screening acceptance, and Tobit model was used to analyze the associated factors of WTP. RESULTS: Of the 959 respondents, 89.36% were willing to accept PCS, but 10.64% stated unwillingness for the dominant reason that they did not attend clinics until symptom onset. Willingness to accept screening was significantly associated with region (Dongchangfu, OR = 0.251, 95%CI: 0.113~0.557; Linqu, OR = 0.150, 95%CI: 0.069~0.325), age with 60-69 (OR = 0.321, 95%CI: 0.126~0.816), annual income with 10,000-30,000 (OR = 1.632, 95%CI: 1.003~2.656) and having cancer-screening experience (OR = 0.581, 95%CI: 0.371~0.909). And 57.66% of participants were willing to pay part of the screening cost among those willing to accept PCS. The residents' average WTP was ¥622, accounting for 20.73% of the total cost (¥3000). Willingness to pay for PCS was positively correlated with male gender, self-employed occupation, residence in Feicheng (than Linqu), higher income, and having cancer-screening experience. CONCLUSIONS: Most rural residents were willing to accept free PCS, more than half of them were willing to pay part of the ¥3000 total cost, but their WTP-values were low. It is necessary to carry out PCS publicity activities to improve public awareness and participation in precancerous screening. Additionally, for expanding the coverage and sustainability of screening, the appropriate proportion of rural residents to pay for screening costs should be controlled at about 20%, and governments, insurance and other sources are encouraged to actively participate to cover the remaining costs.