Ultrapure single-band red upconversion luminescence in Er3+ doped sensitizer-rich ytterbium oxide transparent ceramics for solid-state lighting and temperature sensing.

Achieving single-band upconversion (UC) is a challenging but rewarding approach to attain optimal performance in diverse applications. In this paper, we successfully achieved single-band red UC luminescence in Yb2O3: Er transparent ceramics (TCs) through the utilization of a sensitizer-rich design. The Yb2O3 host, which has a maximum host lattice occupancy by Yb3+ sensitizers, facilitates the utilization of excitation light and enhances energy transfer to activators, resulting in improved UC luminescence. Specifically, by shortening the ionic spacing between sensitizer and activator, the energy back transfer and the cross-relaxation process are promoted, resulting in weakening of green energy level 4S3/2 and 2H11/2 emission and enhancement of red energy level 4F9/2 emission. The prepared Yb2O3: Er TCs exhibited superior optical properties with in-line transmittance over 80% at 600 nm. Notably, in the 980nm-excited UC spectrum, green emission does not appear, thus Yb2O3: Er TCs exhibit ultra-pure single band red emission, with CIE coordinates of (0.72, 0.28) and color purity exceeding 99.9%. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of pure red UC luminescence in TCs. Furthermore, the luminescent intensity ratio (LIR) technique was utilized to apply this pure red-emitting TCs for temperature sensing. The absolute sensitivity of Yb2O3: Er TCs was calculated to be 0.319% K-1 at 304 K, which is the highest level of optical thermometry based on 4F9/2 levels splitting of Er3+ known so far. The integration between pure red UC luminescence and temperature sensing performance opens up new possibilities for the development of multi-functional smart windows.

C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio is a predictor of hepatitis B virus related decompensated cirrhosis: time-dependent receiver operating characteristics and decision curve analysis.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection remains a major health problem and HBV-related-decompensated cirrhosis (HBV-DC) usually leads to a poor prognosis. Our aim was to determine the utility of inflammatory biomarkers in predicting mortality of HBV-DC. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 329 HBV-DC patients were enrolled. Survival estimates for the entire study population were generated using the Kaplan-Meier method. The prognostic values for model for end-stage liver disease (MELD) score, Child-Pugh score, and inflammatory biomarkers neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio (LMR) for HBV-DC were compared using time-dependent receiver operating characteristic curves and time-dependent decision curves. RESULTS: The survival time was 23.1±15.8 months. Multivariate analysis identified age, CAR, LMR, and platelet count as prognostic independent risk factors. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that CAR of at least 1.0 (hazard ratio, 7.19; 95% confidence interval, 4.69-11.03), and LMR less than 1.9 (hazard ratio, 2.40; 95% confidence interval, 1.69-3.41) were independently associated with mortality of HBV-DC. The time-dependent receiver operating characteristic indicated that CAR showed the best performance in predicting mortality of HBV-DC compared with LMR, MELD score, and Child-Pugh score. The results were also confirmed by time-dependent decision curves. CONCLUSION: CAR and LMR were associated with the prognosis of HBV-DC. CAR was superior to LMR, MELD score, and Child-Pugh score in HBV-DC mortality prediction.