[Correlation between fluid parameter and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients based on repeated body composition analyses].

Objective: To explore the correlation between fluid load index and cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients based on repeated body composition analyses. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted to collect the clinical data of patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) in the Department of Nephrology, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from July to September 2020. The pre-dialysis fluid overload (FO) index-overhydration (OH) was measured by bioelectrical impedance method, and the follow-up monitoring was conducted every 6 months. According to the baseline OH value, patients were divided into non-FO group (OH≤2.5 L) and FO group (OH>2.5 L). Moreover, according to the repeated measurements, the patients were divided into continuous non-FO group, continuous FO group and intermittent FO group. All patients were followed up until October 1, 2022, and the outcomes were recorded. The end point of follow-up was cardiovascular events. The cumulative incidence of cardiovascular events was calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method, and the risk factors of cardiovascular events were analyzed by Cox proportional hazards regression model. Results: A total of 289 patients were included, including 88 patients (30.4%) with FO and 201 patients (69.6%) with non-FO. There were 168 males (58.1%) and 121 (41.9%) females, with an average age of (58±13) years and an average follow-up time of (22.0±6.5) months. Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that the incidence of cardiovascular events in the baseline FO group was higher than that in the non-FO group (log-rank χ2=14.44, P<0.001). The incidence of cardiovascular events in both the continuous FO group and the intermittent FO group was higher than that in the continuous non-FO group (log-rank χ2=41.47, P<0.001; log-rank χ2=18.36, P<0.001). After adjustment for gender, age, comorbidities, and biochemical indicators, the incidence of cardiovascular events in the baseline FO group was 1.850 times of the non-FO group (95%CI: 1.046-3.271, P=0.034). The incidence of cardiovascular events in the continuous FO group was 4.679 times of the continuous non-FO group (95%CI: 2.189-10.002, P<0.001). The incidence of cardiovascular events in the intermittent FO group was 3.410 times of the continuous non-FO group (95%CI: 1.696-6.857, P=0.001). Conclusions: OH value measured by bioelectrical impedance can be used as an important reference index for clinical monitoring of cardiovascular events in MHD patients. Continuous chronic and intermittent exposures to FO are risk factors for cardiovascular events in hemodialysis patients.

[Clinical analysis of 244 cases with abdominal wall endometriosis].

Objective: To investigate the clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment, outcomes and prognostic factors of abdominal wall endometriosis (AWE). Methods: A total of 265 AWE patients who underwent surgical treatment in The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University from January 2010 to April 2023 were retrospectively selected, and 244 patients had complete follow-up data. According to different depth of lesions, the enrolled patients were divided into three types: type Ⅰ (subcutaneous fat layer, n=30), type Ⅱ (anterior sheath muscle layer, n=174) and type Ⅲ (peritoneum layer, n=40). The general clinical features, perioperative conditions, recurrent outcome and prognostic factors were analyzed in three types. Results: (1) Compared with type Ⅲ patients, the age of onset, parity and incidence of pelvic endometriosis were significantly decreased in type Ⅱ patients [(32.0±4.0) vs (30.0±4.6) years, 1.6±0.6 vs 1.4±0.5, 10.0% (4/40) vs 1.7% (3/174), respectively; all P<0.05], while the proportion of patients with transverse incision was significantly increased [37.5% (15/40) vs 67.3% (115/171); P<0.01]. The first symptoms of type Ⅰ and type Ⅱ were mainly palpable mass in the abdominal wall [73.3% (22/30), 63.2% (110/174), respectively], but the first symptom of type Ⅲ was pain in the abdominal wall [55.0% (22/40); all P<0.05]. (2) No matter the results of preoperative B-ultrasound or intraoperative exploration, the lesion diameters of type Ⅰ, type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ showed significant upward trends (all P<0.05). The proportions of lesion diameter≥3 cm in type Ⅱ and type Ⅲ [67.8% (118/174), 80.0% (32/40)] were significantly higher than that in type Ⅰ (all P<0.05). The median operation time and blood loss of type Ⅰ and Ⅱ were significantly lower than those of type Ⅲ (type Ⅰ vs type Ⅲ: 37.5 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05; type Ⅱ vs type Ⅲ: 35.0 vs 50.0 minutes, 10 vs 20 ml, all P<0.05). (3) The median follow-up time was 49 months, the overall symptom remission rate was 98.4% (240/244), and the recurrence rate was 7.0% (17/244). There were no significant differences in recurrence rate and recurrence free time among three types (all P>0.05). Multivariate regression analysis showed that the depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication were not significant factors for postoperative recurrence (all P>0.05). Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of type Ⅲ are the most serious, including obvious abdominal pain symptoms, larger lesion diameter, prolonged operation time, increased intraoperative blood loss and increased incidence of pelvic endometriosis. Complete resection of lesions is an effective treatment for AWE, with high symptom remission rate and low recurrence rate. The depth, number, diameter of lesions and postoperative adjuvant medication are not risk factors for recurrence.

Azelastine nasal spray inhibiting sympathetic function on human nasal mucosa in patients with allergy rhinitis.

BACKGROUND: Azelastine hydrochloride (azelastine) nasal spray is a histamine receptor-1 (H1) antagonist often used in treating allergic rhinitis to relieve its symptoms. However, the effects of azelastine to influence decongestion on human nasal mucosa in patients with allergic rhinitis are not yet fully explored and merit further exploration. The effects of azelastine on the vasocontractile responses generated by smooth muscles in the vascular structures of human nasal mucosa were investigated directly in vitro. METHODS: We examined the effectiveness of azelastine on isolated human nasal mucosa by testing: 1) the effect on mucosa resting tension; 2) the effect on mucosal contraction caused by 10-6 M methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic; 3) the effect of the drugs on electrically induced mucosal contractions. RESULTS: The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of azelastine at doses of 10â€"6 M or above elicited a significant dilation response to 10â€"6 M methoxamine-induced mucosal contraction. Azelastine could inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike mucosal contraction. Moreover, increase in concentration of azelastine had minimal effect on basal tension of nasal mucosa. CONCLUSIONS: The technique in our study is simple and reproducible. Azelastine could inhibit both EFS and methoxamine-induced nasal mucosal contractions in vitro. This study highlights that although azelastine nasal spray is often used in treating allergic rhinitis to improve symptoms, nasal obstruction may be not relieved immediately due to the anti-sympathetic effect of azelastine.

Effects of sumatriptan nasal spray (Imigran) on human nasal mucosa.

OBJECTIVES: Sumatriptan (Imigran) is a potent and highly selective 5-HT1 receptor agonist often used in treating acute migraine. Intranasal sumatriptan is well absorbed and is generally effective in relieving headache. However, the effects of Imigran on human nasal mucosa have rarely been well explored, to verify the effect of Imigran, which act on human nasal mucosa directly in vitro. DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS: We examined the effectiveness of Imigran on human nasal mucosa by testing: (i) effect on human nasal mucosa resting tension; (ii) effect on contraction caused by 10-6  mol/L methoxamine as a sympathetic mimetic; and (iii) effect of the drugs on electrically induced on human nasal mucosa contractions. RESULTS: The results indicated that addition of methoxamine to the incubation medium caused the nasal mucosa to contract in a dose-dependent manner. Addition of Imigran at doses of 10-4  mol/L elicited a significant relaxation response to 10-6  mol/L methoxamine-induced contraction. Imigran could not inhibit electrical field stimulation-induced spike contraction. It also had a minimal effect on the basal tension of nasal mucosa as the concentration increased. CONCLUSIONS: The study indicated that high concentrations of Imigran had a significant spasmolytic effect by antagonising α-adreoceptors and nasal obstruction could not be released in the patient combined with acute migraine and stuffy nose by concomitant α-adrenergic agonist nasal spray plus Imigran nasal spray.

Dengue virus inactivation by minipool TnBP/Triton X-45 treatment of plasma and cryoprecipitate.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A minipool solvent/detergent (S/D; 1% TnBP/1% Triton X-45; 31°C) process was developed for viral inactivation of plasma and cryoprecipitate used for transfusion. The goal of this study was to determine the rate and extent of inactivation of dengue virus (DENV) during this process. MATERIALS AND METHODS: DENV-1 was propagated using C6/36 mosquito cells to an infectivity titre close to 9 log and spiked (10% v/v) into individual plasma and cryoprecipitate samples from two distinct donors. Samples were taken right after spiking and during viral inactivation treatment by 1% TnBP-1% Triton X-45 at 31°C. DENV-1 infectivity was assessed on Vero E6 cells by a focus-forming assay (FFA). Culture medium and complement-inactivated plasma were used as experimental controls. Experiments were done in duplicate. RESULTS: DENV-1 infectivity was 7·5 log in spiked plasma and 7·1 and 7·3 log in spiked cryoprecipitate. There was no loss of DENV-1 infectivity in the spiked materials, nor in the controls not subjected to S/D treatment. No infectivity was found in plasma and cryoprecipitate subjected to S/D treatment at the first time-point evaluated (10 min). CONCLUSION: DENV-1 was strongly inactivated in plasma and cryoprecipitate, respectively, within 10 min of 1% TnBP/1% Triton X-45 treatment at 31°C. These data provide a reassurance of the safety of such S/D-treated plasma and cryoprecipitate with regard to the risk of transmission of all DENV serotypes and other flaviviruses.

Effects of thermosonication on the fate of Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis in mango juice.

UNLABELLED: In this study, the effects of thermosonication and thermal treatment on Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis in mango juice were investigated at 50 and 60°C. Besides, nonlethal injury of Salm. Enteritidis after both treatments was also examined. The highest inactivation was attained with thermosonication at 60°C. The inactivation rate was different for both pathogens, and Salm. Enteritidis was found to be more sensitive to thermosonication than E. coli O157:H7. Salmonella Enteritidis was recovered in all treated samples, except those subjected to more than 5-min thermosonication at 60°C. It was found that the introduction of high-intensity ultrasound enhanced the inactivation of pathogens compared to thermal treatment alone. On the other hand, Salm. Enteritidis was detected in a number of samples following incubation in universal pre-enrichment broth, but no growth was detected after incubation in mango juice. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Fruit juices are commonly heat treated to inactivate micro-organisms and enzymes. However, excessive heat treatments may result in undesirable changes in juice quality. Treatment by power ultrasound, a nonthermal technology, may be an alternative processing technique to pasteurize fruit juices. This study highlights the effectiveness of thermosonication in inactivating Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella Enteritidis in mango juice.

Identification of a new HLA-DRB1 *16 variant, DRB1*16:19 by sequence-based typing in a Chinese Han.

The sequence of the novel allele is identical to HLA-DRB1*16:02:01 except for one nucleotide change at nt203 (G→A), resulting in a coding change, 39 R (CGC)→H (CAC).

Application of reversed A2/O process on removing nitrogen and phosphorus from municipal wastewater in China.

The application of reversed A2/O process in practice in China is mainly discussed in this paper. As a new process on nitrogen and phosphorus removal, principle and technical features of reversed A2/O process are also summarized. The application in rebuilt wastewater treatment plant shows that reversed A2/O process not only has merits on high nitrogen and phosphorus removal efficiency, but also has merits on energy saving. The application in newly-build wastewater treatment plant shows that infrastructure and equipment investment of reversed A2/O process economized 15% and 10% respectively, compared to conventional A2/O process. The practical application shows that reversed A2/O process is a new nitrogen and phosphorus removal process, which is suitable for China's national conditions.

Identification of a new HLA-B*40 allele, HLA-B*4081, in a Chinese individual.

A novel human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B*40 allele, officially named B*4081, was identified during routine high-resolution sequence-based typing in a Chinese potential hematopoietic stem cell transplantation donor. The HLA-B*4081 allele shows one nucleotide difference from B*400101 in exon 2 at nucleotide position 124 where G-->C (codon 18 GGG-->CGG) resulting in a coding change, 18Gly is changed to Arg, this is a unique nucleotide change among the HLA class I alleles, suggesting a point mutation mechanism.

Full length sequence of a novel HLA-B*132202 allele.

Full length sequences of this novel HLA-B*132202 allele are identical to those of HLA-B*132201 allele, except for a synonymous amino acid substitution from ACG to ACC at codon 138 in exon 3.

Complete genomic sequence of a novel HLA-B*1325 allele observed in a Chinese Han individual.

The complete genomic sequence of HLA-B*1325 allele shows one nucleotide difference from B*130101 at nt 302 where A --> G resulting in an amino acid substitution from Asn(AAC) to Ser(AGC) at codon 77 in exon 2.

Full-length sequence of a novel allele, HLA-Cw*070205.

The full-length sequences of exons 1-8 of this novel HLA-Cw*070205 allele are identical to those of HLA-Cw*07020101, except for one nucleotide change at nt 498 in exon 3 from C to T, which result in a synonymous amino acid substitution from ATC to ATT at codon 142 in exon 3.

A frame shift due to a two-nucleotide deletion results in an HLA-B null allele, B*9549N.

This report describes the identification of a new human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I null allele, B*9549N, resulting from a premature stop codon in exon 3.

Full length sequence of the HLA-Cw*0361 allele identified in a Chinese Han potential bone marrow donor from Northern China.

HLA-Cw*0361 allele differs from Cw*030301 by one nucleotide substitution at nt 566 from T to A, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 165 from Val to Glu.

A novel HLA-B*37 allele, B*370105, was identified in a Chinese Han individual.

We report here the sequence of a novel human leukocyte antigen B*37 allele, B*370105, which is identical to B*370101 except for a single nucleotide substitution in exon 3 at nucleotide 558 where C>A, codon 162 GGC>GGA, no coding change.

Genomic sequence of HLA-Cw*1222 allele identified in a Chinese Han patient from Southern China.

The genomic sequence of HLA-Cw*1222 allele is identical to Cw*120202 except for a single-nucleotide substitution at codon 87 (CAG-->CGG) resulting in an amino acid change from Gln to Arg.

Full length sequence of a novel HLA-B*3818 allele differs from HLA-B*380201 allele in exon 4 and intron 5.

The full length sequence of HLA-B*3818 differs from HLA-B*380201 at nt 660 in exon 4 (C-->A) and genomic position 2133 in intron 5 (A-->C).

A novel HLA-B*54 allele, B*5417, identified in a Northern Chinese Han individual.

The full-length sequence of HLA-B*5417 differs from HLA-B*5401 only by single-nucleotide change at nt 709 where A-->C resulting in a amino acid substitution from Ile (ATC) to Val (GTC) at codon 213 in exon 4.

A novel HLA-Cw*0124 allele found in a Chinese Han patient from Southern China.

The sequence of novel HLA-Cw*0124 allele differs from Cw*0103 by one nucleotide change at nt 806 from C to A, resulting in an amino acid change at codon 245 from Ala to Glu.

Chemical composition and physicochemical properties of green banana (Musa acuminata x balbisiana Colla cv. Awak) flour.

Flour was prepared from peeled and unpeeled banana Awak ABB. Samples prepared were subjected to analysis for determination of chemical composition, mineral, dietary fibre, starch and total phenolics content, antioxidant activity and pasting properties. In general, flour prepared from unpeeled banana was found to show enhanced nutrition values with higher contents of mineral, dietary fibre and total phenolics. Hence, flour fortified with peel showed relatively higher antioxidant activity. On the other hand, better pasting properties were shown when banana flour was blended with peel. It was found that a relatively lower pasting temperature, peak viscosity, breakdown, final viscosity and setback were evident in a sample blended with peel.