[Determination of alveolar macrophage function in nonspecific lung diseases by the simultaneous estimation of phagocytosis and acid phosphatase activity]. / Opredelenie funktsional'nogo sostoianiia al'veoliarnykh makrofagov pri nespetsificheskikh zabolevaniiakh legkikh putem odnovremennogo ucheta aktivnosti fagotsitoza i kisloi fosfatazy.

The aim of this investigation was to increase the accuracy of the determination of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages with phagocytic functions, isolated from bronchial washings, to reduce the time necessary for this determination and to compare the results thus obtained with the clinical signs of the disease. 46 patients with nonspecific pulmonary diseases were examined. The method of the simultaneous evaluation of the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and the level of acidic phosphatase activity during phagocytosis was found to ensure greater accuracy in the determination of the functional activity of alveolar macrophages and to reduce the time necessary for the evaluation of the reaction by 1.5 hours. In patients with non-specific pulmonary diseases the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages decreased, which was accompanied by a lower level of acidic phosphatase consumption.

[Effect of leukocytic interferon on the functional state of bronchoalveolar phagocytes in lung diseases]. / Vliianie leikotsitarnogo interferona na funktsional'noe sostoianie bronkhoal'veoliarnykh fagotsitov pri zabolevaniiakh legkikh.

A study was made of the effect of leukocytic interferon on the phagocytic activity of alveolar macrophages and neutrophils in patients with chronic bronchitis, tuberculosis and sarcoidosis of the lungs. Cells isolated from the patients' bronchoalveolar washing off were used. It was concluded that short-term incubation of macrophages and neutrophils with interferon resulted in phagocytosis enhancement and increased intensity of metabolic processes in them. Interferon produced the most noticeable effect on cells with an initially reduced absorption capacity.

[Effects of intravascular laser irradiation of blood on the immune status of patients with bronchial obstructive diseases of the lungs]. / Vliianie vnutrisosudistogo lazernogo oblucheniia krovi na immunnyi status bol'nykh bronkhoobstruktivnymi zabolevaniiami legkikh.

Thirty-eight patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma and thirty-four ones with chronic obstructive bronchitis were exposed to laser irradiation of blood. Control group given standard chemotherapy, consisted of 30 bronchial asthma and 30 chronic obstructive bronchitis patients. The immunity assessed in both groups exhibited the following changes in the study patients: T-lymphocytes count rose as well as their proliferative ability and concentration of immunoglobulins, the activity of oxygen-dependent metabolism inhibited, neutrophil absorptive capacity reduced. Restoration of normal cell function can serve a criteria of on-going laser therapy efficacy.

[Immunodeficiency states in lung diseases and the possible ways for their correction]. / Immunodefitsitnye sostoianiia pri zabolevaniiakh legkikh i vozmozhnye puti ikh korrektsii.

The author discusses problems on the mechanisms of formation of immunodeficiency state in pulmonary diseases. It is suggested that T-cell deficit revealed in pulmonary pathology is caused by several factors (intoxication, mediators of allergic-reactions immune complexes, C-reactive protein, hormones, endorphin-like substances etc.), the removal of which furthers normalization of the immune system. Data are reported on the possible variants of secondary immunodeficiency states and the main regularities for immunocorrection are discussed.

[The characteristics of the immune status of patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis in PiM phenotypic variants of the alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor]. / Osobennosti immunnogo statusa bol'nykh khronicheskim obstruktivnym bronkhitom pri PiM fenotipicheskikh variantakh al'fa 1-ingibitora proteinaz.

The connection between alpha 1-proteinase inhibitor variants and immunity disorders in patients with chronic obstructive bronchitis is considered in the article. As a result of investigation disorders of both T- and B-immunity systems were found. They consisted in decrease of the content and proliferative activity of T-lymphocytes, changes in their populational composition, dysfunction of B-lymphocytes, dysimmunoglobulinemia. These changes were more pronounced in allele M3+ carriers constituting the risk group on chronic lung diseases.

[The differential diagnostic significance of neutrophilic reactions to specific antigens in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and sarcoidosis]. / Differentsial'no-diagnosticheskoe znachenie reaktsii neitrofilotsitov na spetsificheskie antigeny u bol'nykh tuberkulezom i sarkoidozom legkikh.

Similarity of clinical, roentgenological and even morphological features of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis causes difficulties in differential diagnosis. This necessitates searching for new diagnostic criteria. Comparative study of functional state of peripheral blood neutrophils and their reaction to specific antigens (tuberculin and Kveim's reagent) were studied in patients with disseminated tuberculosis and pulmonary sarcoidosis. Tuberculin was demonstrated to exert specific effects only in tuberculous patients. It stimulated migration and increased number of EAC-rosette-forming cells. Specific effects of Kveim's antigen were manifested by considerable increase of E-RFC number and decreased absorptive abilities of phagocytes in patients with sarcoidosis. Differences in effects of tuberculin and Kveim's antigen may be used for differential diagnosis of tuberculosis and sarcoidosis.

[The clinico-immunological efficacy of paspat and prodigiozan in the combined treatment of infectious-allergic bronchial asthma]. / Kliniko-immunologicheskaia éffektivnost' paspata i prodigiozana v kompleksnom lechenii infektsionno-allergicheskoi bronkhial'noi astmy.

64 patients with infectious-allergic bronchial asthma (IABA) were examined. 20 of them were co-administered paspat, 24 patients additionally received prodigiosan, 20 patients constituted control group and were given conventional treatment. Patients of all the groups were comparable in age, state of immunological reactivity of the body and severity of the disease. Immunomodulatory effect of the drugs, mainly of paspat, not only resulted in normalization of functional properties of granulocytes but also promoted liquidation of quantitative and functional IABA-conditioned immunodeficiency on the part of T- and B-lymphocytes, thus increasing effectiveness of the treatment in the whole.

[The immunological and cytogenetic changes in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Immunologicheskie i tsitogeneticheskie izmeneniia u bol'nykh tuberkulezom legkikh.

The performed studies showed that patients with active phase pulmonary tuberculosis have their T-system function suppressed, that of B-system activated, this phenomenon being the most marked in those patients with fibrocavernous tuberculosis. Increase in the activity of phagocytes was more common in patients with infiltrative tuberculosis. The immunity system state in subjects with non-active post tuberculous alterations did not depart from normal values. DNA and RNA concentrations were decreased in those patients having more pronounced immunologic disturbances (infiltrative and fibrocavernous tuberculosis), reparative capacity of RNA being altered only in patients with focal tuberculosis. Strong correlation was established between immunologic and cytogenetic indices.

[Effect of rifampicin on body immunological reactivity]. / Vliianie rifampitsina na immunologicheskuiu reaktivnost' organizma.

The studies with 60 guinea pigs and 111 albino mice showed that the daily use of rifampicin for a prolonged period of time in an oral dose of 30 mg/kg for the guinea pigs and 20 mg/kg for the mice had a pronounced effect on the immunological reactivity of the host. The use of rifampicin for 3 months resulted in changed in the structure of the lymphoid organs and suppression of T-lymphocytes. It had an inhibitory effect on the development of the anaphylactic shock in response to the resolution dose of the foreign serum. The preliminary treatment of the mice with rifampicin for 2 months lowered the primary and to a greater extent the secondary immune response induced by the sheep red blood cells.

[Effect of splenin on the development of tuberculin shock and Bordet's phenomenon in guinea pigs]. / Vliianie splenina na razvitie tuberkulinovogo shoka i fenomena Borde u morskikh svinok.

Effect of preinjection of splenin to tuberculosis-infected guinea-pigs on the development of tuberculin shock and Bordet's phenomenon was examined. In animals exposed to tuberculin shock, splenin was found to increase blast transformation of lymphocytes in response to tuberculin, as well as the degree of the proliferative reactions in lymphoid organs. It was also demonstrated that administration of splenin led to the reduction of the complement titer and the foci of tuberculosis in the organs. In guinea-pigs with the induced Bordet's phenomenon, splenin exerted no beneficial immunomodulating effect, promoting the development of more severe tuberculous lesions in the internal organs.