Prognostic marker CD27 and its micro-environmental in multiple myeloma.

BACKGROUND: The Cluster of Differentiation 27 (CD27) is aberrantly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM) -derived. This expression facilitates the interaction between tumor and immune cells within TME via the CD27-CD70 pathway, resulting in immune evasion and subsequent tumor progression. The objective of this study is to investigate the correlation between CD27 expression and the prognosis of MM, and to elucidate its potential relationship with the immune microenvironment. METHODS: In this research, CD27 expression in T cells within the 82 newly diagnosed MM microenvironment was assessed via flow cytometry. We then examined the association between CD27 expression levels and patient survival. Subsequent a series of bioinformatics and in vitro experiments were conducted to reveal the role of CD27 in MM. RESULTS: Clinical evidence suggests that elevated CD27 expression in T cells within the bone marrow serves as a negative prognostic marker for MM survival. Data analysis from the GEO database has demonstrated a strong association between MM-derived CD27 and the immune response, as well as the hematopoietic system. Importantly, patients with elevated levels of CD27 expression were also found to have an increased presence of MDSCs and macrophages in the bone marrow microenvironment. Furthermore, the PERK-ATF4 signaling pathway has been implicated in mediating the effects of CD27 in MM. CONCLUSIONS: We revealed that CD27 expression levels serve as an indicative marker for the prognosis of MM patients. The CD27- PERK-ATF4 is a promising target for the treatment of MM.

Comparing perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive via a single left intercostal space incision with median sternotomy coronary artery bypass grafting: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

BACKGROUND: The perioperative outcomes following off-pump multi-vessel minimally invasive surgery (MICS) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) via a single left intercostal space incision has not been well evaluated. METHOD: From July 2019 to January 2022, a total of 444 patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) were enrolled and divided into MICS (n = 179) and sternotomy CABG (n = 265). Perioperative outcomes were compared between these two groups, including intraoperative blood loss, postoperative first 24 h drainage, ventilation duration, length of stay (LOS) in ICU and total LOS in hospital. Intraoperative blood flow of graft vessels were measured by transit-time flow measurement after vascular anastomosis and mean flow (MF) and pulsatile index (PI) were compared. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in preoperative profiles between these two groups except younger and lower proportion of female in MICS. No significant difference in the number of graft vessels was observed between MICS (3.18 ± 0.74) and sternotomy CABG (3.28 ± 0.86). Compared to sternotomy CABG, patients with MICS showed longer operation duration [(4.33 ± 0.86) h versus (5.10 ± 1.09) h], fewer intraoperative blood loss [700 (600, 900) mL versus 500 (200, 700) mL], fewer postoperative first 24 h drainage [400 (250, 500) mL versus 300 (200, 400) mL], shorter postoperative ventilation duration [16.5 (12.5, 19.0) h versus 15.0 (12.0, 17.0) h], LOS in ICU [20.0 (16.0, 23.0) h versus 18.0 (15.0, 20.0) h] and total LOS in hospital [(14.5 ± 3.9) d versus (12.6 ± 2.7) d] (all p < .001). MI and PI of graft vessels were similar and no significant differences in major perioperative complications and mortality were observed between MICS and sternotomy CABG (all p > .05). CONCLUSION: Off-pump multi-vessel MICS may be an alternative treatment for patients with multi-vessel CAD with better perioperative outcomes than sternotomy CABG.

Surgical Challenges in Multi-Vessel Minimally Invasive Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting.

OBJECTIVES: Minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) has emerged as an alternative treatment for patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease, but there are certain surgical challenges inherent in the adoption of this approach. The present study was conducted to provide insight regarding the outcomes associated with our first 118 cases, to discuss the surgical difficulties encountered in these patients, and to outline the potential countermeasures. METHODS: Between January 2017 and January 2020, 118 patients underwent multi-vessel MICS CABG. These patients were stratified into two groups based upon whether they did or did not experience surgical challenges, and early clinical outcomes were compared between these groups to assess the incidence of technical difficulties and associated factors. RESULTS: Surgical challenges arose in 38 of the 118 cases in this study, including 13 cases of exposure-related difficulties, 11 cases of proximal anastomosis-related difficulties, 15 cases of distal anastomosis-related difficulties, 4 cases of LITA-related difficulties, and 3 cases of lung-related difficulties. Relative to the other 80 patients, those patients for whom intraoperative technical challenges arose experience significant increases in operative duration (4.94 ± 0.89 vs. 5.59 ± 1.11 h, P=0.001), intraoperative blood loss (667 ± 313 vs. 892 ± 532 mL, P=0.005), length of the ICU admission (17.59 ± 3.51 vs. 22.59 ± 17.31 h, P=0.015), and the duration of postoperative hospitalization (5.96 ± 1.23 vs. 6.71 ± 1.92 days, P=0.012). There were no significant differences between these groups with respect to the mean graft number, major complications such as stroke or organ dysfunction, or one-year graft patency. CONCLUSIONS: There is a substantial learning curve associated with performing off-pump MICS CABG to treat multi-vessel disease. Surgical challenges encountered during this procedure may increase the operative duration, intraoperative blood loss, ICU admission, and the duration of postoperative hospitalization. However, these issues do not appear to compromise the efficacy of complete revascularization, and early clinical outcomes associated with this procedure remain acceptable.

Acceptance of seasonal influenza vaccination and associated factors among pregnant women in the context of COVID-19 pandemic in China: a multi-center cross-sectional study based on health belief model.

BACKGROUND: Seasonal influenza can circulate in parallel with coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in winter. In the context of COVID-19 pandemic, the risk of co-infection and the burden it poses on healthcare system calls for timely influenza vaccination among pregnant women, who are the priority population recommended for vaccination. We aimed to evaluate the acceptance of influenza vaccination and associated factors among pregnant women during COVID-19 pandemic, provide evidence to improve influenza vaccination among pregnant women, help reduce the risk of infection and alleviate the burden of healthcare system for co-infected patients. METHODS: We conducted a multi-center cross-sectional study among pregnant women in China. Sociodemographic characteristics, health status, knowledge on influenza, attitude towards vaccination, and health beliefs were collected. Locally weighted scatterplot smoothing regression analysis was used to evaluate the trends in the acceptance of influenza vaccine. Logistic regression was applied to identify factors associated with vaccination acceptance. RESULTS: The total acceptance rate was 76.5% (95%CI: 74.8-78.1%) among 2568 pregnant women enrolled. Only 8.3% of the participants had a history of seasonal influenza vaccination. In the logistic regression model, factors associated with the acceptance of influenza vaccine were western region, history of influenza vaccination, high knowledge of influenza infection and vaccination, high level of perceived susceptibility, perceived benefit, cues to action and low level of perceived barriers. Among 23.5% of the participants who had vaccine hesitancy, 48.0% of them were worried about side effect, 35.6% of them lacked confidence of vaccine safety. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlighted that tailored strategies and publicity for influenza vaccination in the context of COVID-19 pandemic are warranted to reduce pregnant women's concerns, improve their knowledge, expand vaccine uptake and alleviate pressure for healthcare system.

Specific Activation In Vivo of HIV-1 by a Bromodomain Inhibitor from Monocytic Cells in Humanized Mice under Antiretroviral Therapy.

Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) effectively suppresses HIV-1 replication and enables HIV­infected individuals to live long, productive lives. However, the persistence of HIV-1 reservoirs of both T and myeloid cells with latent or low-replicating HIV-1 in patients under cART makes HIV-1 infection an incurable disease. Recent studies have focused on the development of strategies to activate and purge these reservoirs. Bromodomain and extraterminal domain proteins (BETs) are epigenetic readers involved in modulating gene expression. Several bromodomain inhibitors (BETi) are reported to activate viral transcription in vitro in HIV-1 latency cell lines in a P-TEFb (CDK9/cyclin T1)-dependent manner. Little is known about BETi efficacy in activating HIV-1 reservoir cells under cART in vivo Here we report that a BETi (I-BET151) efficiently activated HIV-1 reservoirs under effective cART in humanized mice in vivo Interestingly, I-BET151 during suppressive cART in vivo activated HIV-1 gene expression only in monocytic cells and not in CD4+ T cells. We further demonstrate that BETi preferentially enhanced HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells rather than in T cells and that whereas CDK9 was involved in activating HIV-1 by I-BET151 in both monocytic and T cells, CDK2 enhanced HIV-1 transcription in monocytic cells but inhibited it in T cells. Our findings reveal a role for CDK2 in differential modulation of HIV-1 gene expression in myeloid cells and in T cells and provide a novel strategy to reactivate monocytic reservoirs with BETi during cART.IMPORTANCE Bromodomain inhibitors have been reported to activate HIV-1 transcription in vitro, but their effect on activation of HIV-1 reservoirs during cART in vivo is unclear. We found that BETi (I-BET151) treatment reactivated HIV-1 gene expression in humanized mice during suppressive cART. Interestingly, I-BET151 preferentially reactivated HIV-1 gene expression in monocytic cells, but not in CD4 T cells, in cART-treated mice. Furthermore, I-BET151 significantly increased HIV-1 transcription in monocytic cells, but not in HIV-1-infected CD4 T cells, via CDK2-dependent mechanisms. Our findings suggest that BETi can preferentially activate monocytic HIV-1 reservoir cells and that a combination of reservoir activation agents targeting different cell types and pathways is needed to achieve reactivation of different HIV-1 reservoir cells during cART.

Hepatitis B virus infection and immunopathogenesis in a humanized mouse model: induction of human-specific liver fibrosis and M2-like macrophages.

The mechanisms of chronic HBV infection and immunopathogenesis are poorly understood due to a lack of a robust small animal model. Here we report the development of a humanized mouse model with both human immune system and human liver cells by reconstituting the immunodeficient A2/NSG (NOD.Cg-Prkdc(scid) Il2rg(tm1Wjl)/SzJ mice with human HLA-A2 transgene) with human hematopoietic stem cells and liver progenitor cells (A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mice). The A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mouse supported HBV infection and approximately 75% of HBV infected mice established persistent infection for at least 4 months. We detected human immune responses, albeit impaired in the liver, chronic liver inflammation and liver fibrosis in infected animals. An HBV neutralizing antibody efficiently inhibited HBV infection and associated liver diseases in humanized mice. In addition, we found that the HBV mediated liver disease was associated with high level of infiltrated human macrophages with M2-like activation phenotype. Importantly, similar M2-like macrophage accumulation was confirmed in chronic hepatitis B patients with liver diseases. Furthermore, gene expression analysis showed that induction of M2-like macrophage in the liver is associated with accelerated liver fibrosis and necrosis in patients with acute HBV-induced liver failure. Lastly, we demonstrate that HBV promotes M2-like activation in both M1 and M2 macrophages in cell culture studies. Our study demonstrates that the A2/NSG-hu HSC/Hep mouse model is valuable in studying HBV infection, human immune responses and associated liver diseases. Furthermore, results from this study suggest a critical role for macrophage polarization in hepatitis B virus-induced immune impairment and liver pathology.

[Detection of cytochrome P450 3A4 gene polymorphism guides for labor analgesia with sufentanil medication].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) 3A4 rs2242480 and inter-individual differences of sufentanil consumption in accouchement sans douleur. METHODS: A total of 131 parturient women were collected. According to the distribution of genotypes and allele frequencies of rs2242480, the doses of sufentanil were individually designed. CC homozygotes were given the standard analgesia dose, CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes were given 87.6% of standard sufentanil dose. RESULTS: Visual analogue score (VAS) between CC group and CT/TT group were 3.67±1.2 and 3.44±1.5, consistent with the expected analgesic standards. The difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSION: The parturient women carrying CT heterozygotes and TT homozygotes of CYP3A4 rs2242480 required less sufentanil in accouchement sans douleur.

Loss of collectrin, an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 homolog, uncouples endothelial nitric oxide synthase and causes hypertension and vascular dysfunction.

BACKGROUND: Collectrin is an orphan member of the renin-angiotensin system and is a homolog of angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, sharing ≈50% sequence identity. Unlike angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, collectrin lacks any catalytic domain. Collectrin has been shown to function as a chaperone of amino acid transporters. In rodents, the renal expression of collectrin is increased after subtotal nephrectomy and during high-salt feeding, raising the question of whether collectrin has any direct role in blood pressure regulation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Using a susceptible genetic background, we demonstrate that deletion of collectrin results in hypertension, exaggerated salt sensitivity, and impaired pressure natriuresis. Collectrin knockout mice display impaired endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation that is associated with vascular remodeling, endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling, decreased nitric oxide production, and increased superoxide generation. Treatment with Tempol, a superoxide scavenger, attenuates the augmented sodium sensitivity in collectrin knockout mice. We report for the first time that collectrin is expressed in endothelial cells. Furthermore, collectrin directly regulates l-arginine uptake and plasma membrane levels of CAT1 and y(+)LAT1 amino acid transporters in endothelial cells. Treatment with l-arginine modestly lowers blood pressure of collectrin knockout mice. CONCLUSIONS: Collectrin is a consequential link between the transport of l-arginine and endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling in hypertension.

A natural flavonoid glucoside, icariin, regulates Th17 and alleviates rheumatoid arthritis in a murine model.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune inflammatory disease that causes deformity of the joints and physical disability. Icariin, a natural flavonoid glucoside isolated from plants in the Epimedium family, has been proven to have various pharmacological activities. A recent study showed that icariin suppressed cartilage and bone degradation in mice of collagen-induced arthritis. However, the mechanism needs to be further investigated. In our current study, we found that icariin reduced the arthritis score and the incidence of arthritis compared with that in mice treated with water. Icariin inhibits the expression of various osteoclastogenic markers, such as ß3 integrin, cathepsin K, and MMP9 in vitro. Icariin treatment in mice with CIA also resulted in less number of Th17 cells and decreased ratio of CD4(+)IL-17(+) cells. The alleviated arthritis score and incidence of arthritis and reduced serum levels of IgG2a induced by icariin were abolished with additional IL-17 administration. Furthermore, icariin inhibited STAT3 activation in T cells and STAT3 inhibitor resulted in decreased IL-17 production and alleviated RA. In conclusion, icariin decreases Th17 cells and suppresses the production of IL-17, which contributes to the alleviated rheumatoid arthritis, through the inhibition of STAT3 activation.

[Research progress of drugs commonly used to anti-rheumatoid arthritis].

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a kind of chronic, progressive, multiple, invasive autoimmune disease with two chief cclinical manifestations arthrosynovitis and ex-arthrosis, easy to occur in middle-aged women, also occur in children and the elderly, is characterized by progressive and break out repeatedly. RA pathogenesis is complex, there is no special treatment, used in treatment of R drug varied, new drugs and new therapies also emerge in endlessly, main including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), slow action anti-rheumatism medicine (SAARDs), glucocorticoids (GCs), biological agent, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine preparations, domestic market for rheumatoid main drug treatment are NSAIDs, SAARDs, GCs, traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medicine preparations. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Chinese medi- cine preparations for the treatment of RA have its unique advantages, show the characteristics of overall adjustment, multi-level and multiple targets, and also can alleviate and against side effects of western medicine. In recent years, more and more get people's atten- tion. This paper reviewed the research progress and treatment features of commonly used therapeutic agents for the treatment of RA in recent years, which provides reference and basis for future medicine anti-RA.

A retrospective cohort study on the influencing factors for macrosomia in singleton pregnancies.

To explore the influencing factors of singletons with macrosomia, and to develop interventions for the prevention of macrosomia. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 26,379 pregnant women who established the Maternal and Child Health Record and gave birth from January 1, 2019 to December 31, 2019 in a community health service center in Haidian district, Beijing. The study analyzed factors such as maternal age, ethnicity, education level, prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), parity, folic acid supplementation, gestational diabetes mellitus, gestational hyper, hypothyroidism in pregnancy (including subhypothyroidism), hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, and infant gender. Univariate analysis was performed using the χ2 test, and multivariate analysis was performed using non-conditional multivariate logistic regression analysis. Out of 26,379 live births, 5.8% (1522/26,379) were macrosomia and 94.2% (24,857/26,379) were non-macrosomia. Univariate analysis revealed that maternal age, prepregnancy BMI, education level, parity, hypothyroidism during pregnancy, and infant gender were identified as influencing factors for macrosomia (P < .05). Multivariate analysis showed that maternal age ≥ 35 years, education level of high school or below, pre-pregnancy BMI, hypothyroidism, male infant, and parity were all influencing factors for macrosomia (P < .05). Prepregnancy overweight or obesity, male infants, multiparity, and low education level are risk factors for macrosomia. Multiple factors can contribute to macrosomia, and therefore, maternal health care should be strengthened, and early interventions should be taken for the above-mentioned factors in the local area.

[Safety analysis of application of medical anti-adhesion modified chitosan in cardiac surgery].

OBJECTIVE: To verify the application safety of medical anti-adhesion modified chitosan (Baifeimi) in cardiac surgery. METHODS: From August to December 2010, 42 patients undergoing surgery for congenital heart disease, valvular heart disease or ischemic heart disease were selected and divided into testing (n = 22) and control (n = 20) groups. After complete intraoperative hemostasis, two sheets of anti-adhesion modified chitosan (Baifeimi) were placed on the surface of heart and vessels in the testing group and then chest was closed. And the control group underwent routine chest closing without an application of Baifeimi. The systemic and local reactions and drainage fluid were observed. The postoperative drainage fluid was subject to bacteria culture. Blood routines and laboratory tests at preoperation and Day 1 and Week 1 postoperation were performed to evaluate the changes of chemical, biological and immunological parameters. RESULTS: There was no occurrence of systemic reaction, local inflammation or exudation.Wounds were healed at Phase I. The drainage fluid of pericardium and mediastina had no significant intergroup difference. Drainage was unobstructed in the testing group. A comparison of two groups revealed that the differences of aspartate aminotransferase ( (24 ± 17) vs (40 ± 22) U/L), preoperative and postoperative immunoglobulin A( (1.9 ± 0.7) vs (2.9 ± 1.4) g/L, (2.3 ± 0.9) vs (3.3 ± 1.5) g/L) were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). But the average values of both group stayed within a normal range without clinical significance while other indices had no significant difference. The bacteria cultures of all patients in the control group were negative. CONCLUSIONS: Anti-adhesion modified chitosan is both convenient and safe for clinical application. The duration of cardiac surgery is not extended.No systemic or local adverse event is reported. There is no interference of hepatic, renal or immune functions.

A study on the perioperative effects of obesity on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting and its surgical techniques.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to discuss the perioperative effects of obesity on minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and its surgical techniques. METHODS: A total of 582 patients with multivessel lesion who underwent off-pump CABG by our medical group of Beijing Anzhen Hospital between January 2017 and January 2021 were divided into the minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) group and the conventional group (median sternotomy) according to the surgical method used. The body mass index of the patients was calculated, based on which both groups were divided into obese (≥28 kg/m2) and non-obese subgroups (<28 kg/m2). First, the perioperative data of the obese subgroups of both MICS and conventional groups were compared. Second, the obese and non-obese subgroups were compared in the MICS group. RESULTS: Despite a higher proportion of diabetes in the MICS group, there was no significant difference in preoperative baseline nor in the incidence of major complications within 30 days after surgery between obese subgroups of the MICS and conventional groups. The MICS group had a significantly lower rate of poor wound healing, along with a higher predischarge Barthel Index. Also, the preoperative baseline between the obese and non-obese subgroups of the MICS group exhibited no statistical differences. The obese subgroup had longer postoperative ventilator assistance, while other intraoperative data and postoperative observation indexes exhibited no significant differences. CONCLUSIONS: MICS CABG method is safe and feasible for obese patients with multivessel lesion. Minimally invasive surgery is beneficial to wound healing in obese patients. However, it requires a thorough preoperative evaluation and adequate surgical experience and skills.

A modified chordal transfer technique to treat anterior mitral leaflet prolapse.

Chordal transfer from the intact posterior mitral leaflet (PML) to the anterior mitral leaflet (AML) is an effective way to correct anterior leaflet prolapse and provides good long-term results. However, it is difficult to determine the accurate segment of the PML which needs to be transferred and the suture point of the leaflets. We describe a modified technique to determine the correct segment that needs to be transferred to effectively correct AMLs with elongated or ruptured chordae. This technique renders performing chordal transfer easier and more accurate.

Comparing patient outcomes following minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgery vs. coronary artery bypass grafting: a single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: This present research was designed for comparing coronary artery disease (CAD) patient outcomes following minimally invasive coronary artery bypass grafting surgery (MICS) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG). Methods: From 2014-2017, 679 CAD patients underwent MICS (n=281) or CABG (n=398) and were evaluated for the present study. Patient data were analyzed using 1:1 propensity score-matched assessment and a multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model, and primary study achievements comprised major adverse cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCEs), myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac death, heart failure (HF), revascularization, and stroke. The median follow-up period was 2.68 years. Results: CABG patients exhibited a trend towards higher cumulative overall rates of MACCEs at 2 years (CABG: 6.2% vs. MICS: 3.8%) and 4 years (CABG: 9.3% vs. MICS: 7.6%) [adjusted hazard ratio (HR): 1.33; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.33-5.39 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.687], although this difference was not significant. No significant differences in 2- or 4-year cardiac death rates were observed between groups (CABG: 3.5%, 5.6% vs. MICS 2.8%, 2.8%; adjusted HR: 0.23; 95% CI: 0.03-1.81 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.160). Further, there existed no discrepancies in rates of MI (P=1.000), HF (adjusted HR: 4.76; 95% CI: 0.01-6.40 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.996), stroke (adjusted HR: 9.58; 95% CI: 0.11-25.24 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.320), or repeated revascularization (adjusted HR: 1.71; 95% CI: 0.01-7.21 for CABG vs. MICS; P=0.631) when comparing these patient groups. In a multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression analysis, patients that were male (adjusted HR: 5.28; 95% CI: 1.48-18.83; P=0.010) and cases with a history of previous MI epsiodes (adjusted HR: 3.20; 95% CI: 1.09-9.37; P=0.034) were found to be at a higher risk of MACCEs. Conclusions: Follow-up data indicated that the MICS and CABG treatments could achieve similar outcomes.

Biopharmaceutical and Pharmacokinetic Activities of Oxymatrine Determined by a Sensitive UHPLC-MS/MS Method.

BACKGROUND: Oxymatrine is known as one of the most promising alkaloids from Sophora flavescens for its excellent pharmacological effects. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this research is to assess the biopharmaceutical and pharmacokinetic activities of oxymatrine and clarify its mechanisms of absorption and metabolism. METHODS: The biological characteristics of oxymatrine were systematically investigated by UHPLC-MS/MS. The mechanisms of absorption and metabolism of oxymatrine were further clarified through incubation in rat liver microsomes and transport across the Caco-2 monolayer cell absorption model. RESULTS: It was found that the absolute oral bioavailability of oxymatrine was 26.43%, and the pharmacokinetic parameters Cmax, Tmax, and t1/2 were 605.5 ng/mL, 0.75 h, and 4.181 h after oral administration, indicating that oxymatrine can be absorbed quickly. The tissue distribution tests showed that oxymatrine distributed throughout all the organs, with the small intestine accumulating the highest level, followed by the kidney, stomach, and spleen. The Papp in Caco-2 cell line absorption model was over 1 × 10-5 and PDR 1.064, and t1/2 of oxymatrine in rat liver microsome in vitro was 1.042 h, indicating that oxymatrine can be absorbed easily through passive diffusion and CYP450 enzymes could be involved in its metabolism. The plasma protein binding rate of oxymatrine was 2.78 ± 0.85%. CONCLUSION: Oxymatrine can be absorbed into blood easily through passive diffusion, mainly distributed in the intestine, stomach, liver, and spleen in vivo, and CYP450 enzymes in the liver could be involved in its metabolism.

Mediating effect of kinesiophobia between self-efficacy and physical activity levels in post-CABG patients: protocol for a prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional study in China.

INTRODUCTION: Physical activity (PA) can improve cardiac function, exercise capacity, and quality of life, in addition to reducing mortality by 20%-30% and preventing the recurrence of adverse cardiovascular events in patients following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG). However, PA levels are low in patients after CABG. This study intends to explore the mediating effect of kinesiophobia between self-efficacy and PA levels in patients following CABG. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: The proposed study constitutes a prospective, multicentre and cross-sectional study comprising 413 patients. Four teaching hospitals with good reputations in CABG will be included in the study. All of them are located in Beijing, China, and provide medical service to the whole country. This study will assess the following patient-reported outcome measures: demographic information, International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Long, Social Support Rating Scale, Cardiac Exercise Self-Efficacy Instrument, Multidimensional Fatigue Inventory, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia Heart. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: This study conforms to the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and relevant ethical guidelines. Ethical approval has been obtained from the Ethics Committee of The Sixth Medical Centre of PLA General Hospital (approval number: HZKY-PJ-2022-2). All study participants will provide written informed consent. Findings from this study will be published in Chinese or English for widespread dissemination of the results. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: Chinese Clinical Trial Register, ChiCTR2100054098.

Comparison of early outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass grafting for multi-vessel disease conducted using minimally invasive or conventional off-pump techniques: a propensity-matched study based on SYNTAX score.

BACKGROUND: This study was designed to compare early outcomes associated with coronary artery bypass grafting for multi-vessel disease conducted using either minimally invasive or conventional off-pump techniques. METHODS: From January 2017 through January 2021, 582 patients with multi-vessel lesion coronary artery disease underwent either minimally invasive cardiac surgery coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS CABG) or conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OPCABG) treatment by our team at Anzhen Hospital. Patients in the MICS CABG group were propensity score-matched with those in the OPCABG at a 1:1 ratio (MICS CABG = 172; OPCABG = 172), using epidemiological data, preoperative clinical characteristics, and SYNTAX score as covariates. Perioperative outcomes and 6-month computed tomography angiography findings were compared between these groups. RESULTS: No significant differences between groups were observed with respect to 30-day postoperative mortality, myocardial infarction, and stroke incidence. Surgical data indicated that the MICS CABG procedure was able to cover all three main arterial territories with a relatively low need for circulatory assistance. The MICS CABG procedure was associated with a longer operative duration, but was also associated with higher postoperative hemoglobin and activities of daily living index values as well as a shorter duration of postoperative hospitalization (P < 0.05). No differences in 6-month graft patency were observed between groups. CONCLUSIONS: MICS CABG is a safe, less invasive alternative to OPCABG when performing complete revascularization provided patients are properly selected, yielding similar in-hospital outcomes and 6-month graft patency rates together with an earlier return of physical function.

Highly efficient and selective supramolecular hydrogel sensor based on rhodamine 6G derivatives.

A mercury ion sensitive fluorescent functional monomer was synthesized based on rhodamine 6G, and two highly-effective approaches about the research and development of novel macroscopic hydrogel sensor were reported. The monomer was utilized to synthesize hydrogel sensors by free radical polymerization and guest-host interaction. Hydrogel sensors have prominent selectivity to Hg2+ and can be tailored and reused, which are capable of detecting Hg2+ sensitively in flowing and standing water environment with satisfactory performance. This work is expected to open an avenue to construct novel fluorescent analysis method for Hg2+ detection.

Off-Pump Aortic Bypass for Hypoplastic Arch and Aortic Coarctation Via Anterolateral Thoracotomy.

We report the case of a 21-year-old woman who was referred with uncontrolled hypertension. Computed tomography angiography revealed aortic arch hypoplasia and severe aortic coarctation. An off-pump ascending-to-descending aortic bypass surgery using synthetic graft was performed via left anterolateral thoracotomy. The patient recovered well and was discharged home uneventfully after five days. This procedure was performed without touching the head vessels or any collateral vessels. We consider this a safe and less invasive alternative technique for adult coarctation patients who have aortic hypoplasia or interrupted aorta.