Phosphorylated AKT expression in tumor-adjacent normal tissue is associated with poor prognosis in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma.

The AKT pathway serves important roles in tumor cell growth. Its overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in a number of types of cancer; however, the role of AKT in the role of the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains unclear. The present study was undertaken to explore the clinical relevance of phosphorylated AKT (p-AKT) in HCC. The level of p-AKT in tumor (TU) and paired adjacent normal liver (AN) tissue from 202 HCC patients was evaluated with immunohistochemistry. The results demonstrated that p-AKT was more highly expressed in TU than in AN tissue. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression revealed that patients with a high expression of p-AKT (AN) exhibited reduced overall and relapse-free survival times; this was not observed at a statistically significant level in p-AKT (TU). Additionally, the high expression of p-AKT (AN) was positively correlated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HCC patients. These results support the hypothesis that AKT activation is a mechanism of HCV-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, suggesting that AKT can be a therapeutic target for the treatment of recurrent HCC subsequent to surgical resection.

Molecular solutions to the binary integer programming problem based on DNA computation.

Binary optimization is a widely investigated topic in integer linear programming. This study proposes a DNA-based computing algorithm for solving the significantly large binary integer programming (BIP) problem. The proposed approach is based upon Adleman and Lipton's DNA operations to solve the BIP problem. The potential of DNA computation for the BIP problem is promising given the operational time complexity of O(nxk).

Tissue regeneration patterns in acellular bovine pericardia implanted in a canine model as a vascular patch.

It was noted in our previous study that acellular tissues can provide a natural microenvironment for host cell migration and proliferation to accelerate tissue regeneration. The purpose of this study was to further investigate the tissue regeneration patterns in acellular bovine pericardia fixed with glutaraldehyde or genipin as a biological patch to repair a defect in the pulmonary trunk in a canine model. The implanted samples were retrieved at distinct durations postoperatively. The structural remodeling of retrieved samples was then examined. It was found that the degree of inflammatory reaction observed for the genipin-fixed acellular patch was significantly less than its glutaraldehyde-fixed counterpart. At 1 month postoperatively, intimal thickening was found on the inner surfaces of both studied groups. The intimal thickening observed on the glutaraldehyde-fixed acellular patch was significantly thicker than its genipin-fixed counterpart. An intact layer of endothelial cells was found on the intimal thickening of the genipin-fixed acellular patch, whereas endothelial cells did not universally and totally cover the entire surface of the glutaraldehyde-fixed acellular patch. Additionally, fibroblasts with neocollagen fibrils and myofibroblasts were observed in the acellular patches for both studied groups, an indication of tissue regeneration. This phenomenon was more prominent for the genipin-fixed acellular patch than its glutaraldehyde-fixed counterpart. At 6 months postoperatively, foci of chondroid and/or bony metaplasia were found in each retrieved sample for both studied groups. The observed adverse response of chondroid metaplasia may be attributed to a compliance mismatch at the implanted site of the canine pulmonary trunk after implantation or a lack of angiogenesis in the regenerated tissue observed at 1 month postoperatively. Bony metaplasia may then develop as in other chondroid tissues. It was reported that ischemia is a usual cause of metaplasia.

Restrictive dermopathy: report of two siblings.

Restrictive dermopathy (RD) is a rare and lethal autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by very tight, thin, and easily eroded skin and contracture of joints. We present two siblings in a family. Case 1, a female neonate, showed mild characteristic presentations of RD and survived for 16 days, and Case 2, a male neonate, was stillborn with typical severe features of RD. His skin biopsy showed typical histological findings, and genetic study revealed a homozygous nonsense mutation on the exon 6 of zinc metalloproteinase STE24 (ZMPSTE24). The exact pathogenic mechanism of RD remains poorly understood. The most recent studies on mutations in lamin A and/or ZMPSTE24 have shed some light on the pathophysiology of RD and may help direct the development of future therapeutic approaches.

Endometriosis coexisting with dermoid cyst in a single ovary: a case report.

Endometriosis coexisting with a dermoid cyst of the ovary is extraordinarily rare, although both these benign conditions are said to be common in women in the reproductive age group. There are only two previous case reports,which is evident from our literature review from January 1960 through January 2010. Acute abdomen is one of the greatest diagnostic challenges and easily ignored by the clinicians to exclude the possibility of gynecologic illness. A 35-year-old woman was referred by the doctor in Family clinic. She experienced a three-day period of severe right lower abdominal pain and intermittent vomiting. Ultrasonography identified a bilocular, cystic, hypoechoic, and hyperechoic tumor, 7 cm × 6 cm × 6 cm in the right adnexal region. Laparoscopic cystectomy was performed under the impression of ovarian cyst with torsion or hemorrhage. The frozen section was benign and appendiceal status was adequate. Histopathologic examination described an ovarian cyst composed of endometrial-type lining with stromacells (endometriosis) and benign teratoma tissue with plenty of skin appendages and sebaceous glands. We report this unusual and interesting ovarian mass to remind physicians that the usage of the Endobag after cystectomy, the benefits on minimizing operative time, spilled opportunity, and postoperative complications. Laparoscopic techniques for large ovarian masses might be considered. The experience of the surgeon is also very important to prevent misdiagnosis or complication. Further follow up is mandatory for this simultaneous finding of ovarian endometriosis with coincidental dermoid cyst as a separate pathology in single ovary of such a nature. It also presents a challenge to the clinicians and to the pathologists.