Research progress on the treatment of advanced prostate cancer with Olaparib.

Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common malignancies in men worldwide, and metastatic castrate-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) has shown a poor prognosis. Although chemotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) have improved clinical outcomes, the median survival (MS) of patients with mCRPC is still less than 2 years. With the development of poly adenosine diphosphate-ribose polymerase inhibitor (PARPi), the treatment strategy for patients with mCRPC has markedly evolved. Olaparib, a type of PARPi that can selectively induce synthetic lethality in cancer cells with homologous recombination (HR) deficiencies, was the first type of PARPi approved for treating patients with mCRPC harboring mutations in HR repair (HRR) genes. This review discusses and summarizes the latest progress on therapeutic mechanisms, monotherapy, combination therapy, and adverse events of Olaparib.

The Effectiveness and Safety of Cinobufotalin Injection as an Adjunctive Treatment for Lung Cancer: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Cinobufotalin injection is a water-soluble preparation extracted from the skin secretion of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor or B. melanotictus Schneider, which has been widely used as an adjuvant treatment in lung cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of cinobufotalin (PubChem CID: 259776) injection as an adjunctive treatment for lung cancer. We designed a meta-analysis that performed following the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. We aim to include randomized controlled trials by systematically searching the PubMed, EMBASE, CNKI, Wanfang database, VIP, CBM, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and Chinese Clinical Trial Registry from inception to Mar 1, 2020, comparing the difference between the use of cinobufotalin injection as an adjunctive treatment and a control group without cinobufotalin injection. The objective response rate (ORR) and quality of life (QOL) will be defined as the primary outcomes, and the disease control rate (DCR) and adverse events will be defined as the secondary outcomes. We included 21 articles with 1735 cases of lung cancer patients. Comparison results show that combining with cinobufotalin injection can improve ORR (OR = 1.77, 95% CI [1.43, 2.21], P < 0.001), with low heterogeneity (P = 0.94, I 2 = 0%); DCR (OR = 2.20, 95% CI [1.70, 2.85], P < 0.001), with low heterogeneity (P = 0.60, I 2 = 0%); KPS score (OR = 3.10, 95% CI [2.23, 4.32], P < 0.001), with low heterogeneity (P = 0.85, I 2 = 0%); and the effect of pain relief (OR = 2.68, 95% CI [1.30, 5.55], P = 0.008), with low heterogeneity (P = 0.72, I 2 = 0%). Low-to-moderate evidence shows that cinobufotalin injection combined with chemotherapy can significantly increase ORR, DCR, QOL, and the effect of pain relief. Meanwhile, cinobufotalin injection did not bring additional adverse events such as hematological toxicity, gastrointestinal toxicity, cardiotoxicity, hepatotoxicity, and nephrotoxicity; however, multicenter, large-sample, high-quality clinical research results are still needed to reveal the therapeutic effect of cinobufotalin injection in small-cell lung cancer (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42020170052).

Study on the Mechanism of Ginseng in the Treatment of Lung Adenocarcinoma Based on Network Pharmacology.

BACKGROUND: Ginseng, a traditional Chinese medicine, was used to prevent and treat many diseases such as diabetes, inflammation, and cancer. In recent years, there are some reports about the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma with ginseng monomer compounds, but there is no systematic study on the related core targets and mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma up to now. Therefore, this study systematically and comprehensively studied the molecular mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma based on network pharmacology and further proved the potential targets by A549 cell experiments for the first time. METHODS: The targets of disease and drug were obtained from Gene database. Subsequently, the compound-target network was constructed, and the core potential targets were screened out by plug-in into Cytoscape. Furthermore, the core targets and mechanism of ginseng in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma were verified by MTT test, cell scratch test, immunohistochemistry, and qRT-PCR. RESULTS: 1791 disease targets and 144 drug targets were obtained by searching the Gene database. Meanwhile, 15 core targets were screened out: JUN, MAPK8, PTGS2, CASP3, VEGFA, MMP9, AKT1, TNF, FN1, FOS, MMP782, IL-1ß, IL-2, ICAM1, and HMOX1. The results of cell experiments indicate that ginseng could treat lung adenocarcinoma by cell proliferation, migration, and apoptosis. In addition, according to the results of the 15 core targets by qRT-PCR, JUN, IL-1ß, IL-2, ICAM1, HMOX1, MMP9, and MMP2 are upregulated core targets, while PTGS2 and TNF are downregulated core targets. CONCLUSION: This study systematically and comprehensively studied 15 core targets by network pharmacology for the first time. Subsequently, it is verified that 9 core targets for ginseng treatment of lung adenocarcinoma, namely, JUN, IL-1ß, IL-2, ICAM1, HMOX1, MMP9, MMP2, PTGS2, and TNF, are closely related to the proliferation, migration, and apoptosis of lung adenocarcinoma cells. This study has reference value for the clinical application of ginseng in the treatment of lung adenocarcinoma.