Colombian experience with the use of tofacitinib in severe acute ulcerative colitis: A case series study. / Experiencia colombiana con el uso de tofacitinib en colitis ulcerosa aguda grave: estudio de serie de casos.

INTRODUCTION: Tofacitinib is indicated in patients with moderate to severe ulcerative colitis (UC); however, given its rapid onset of action, it may constitute an alternative in patients with hospitalized severe acute UC. There are few data on this indication in the literature. The aim of this study was to describe the efficacy and safety of tofacitinib in the management of patients with hospitalized UC, as well as its clinical characteristics and other treatment patterns. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Descriptive observational study of adults and children with CUAG treated with tofacitinib between June 2019 and December 2022 in Colombia. Sociodemographic and clinical variables were collected, therapeutic response was evaluated in different periods of time and descriptive analysis of quantitative and qualitative variables was performed. RESULTS: Six patients (five adults and one pediatric), mean age 33.2 (SD: 8.5) years, with CUAG. Symptom remission was obtained in 100% of patients at day 7 after tofacitinib initiation. In three patients information was obtained beyond 6 months, with 100% clinical, biochemical, and endoscopic remission and without requiring colectomy. In the case of the pediatric patient, symptom remission was achieved one week after starting tofacitinib, remaining in clinical, biochemical and endoscopic remission beyond 6 months. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Tofacitinib represents a rescue therapeutic alternative in CUAG, with rapid clinical response, adequate tolerance and less need for colectomy, being sustained for periods beyond 6 months.

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in Colombian pediatric patients: Real world experience. / Tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa moderada a grave en pacientes pediátricos colombianos: experiencia en mundo real.

INTRODUCTION: There are no studies on efficacy of tofacitinib for moderate-severe ulcerative colitis (UC) in pediatric patients in Latin America. The aim of this study was to describe the efficacy and safety, in real world, treated with tofacitinib in our setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Case series of pediatric patients with UC who received treatment with tofacitinib in induction phase for 8 weeks and then maintenance therapy between November 2021 and February 2023. RESULTS: Four female patients, median age 14.5 (SD 2.1; RIQ 12.5-16.5) years, all with prior biologic exposure, all 4 with prior use of anti-TNF, and 2/4 with prior use of anti-integrin. Clinical, biochemical and endoscopic remission was obtained in 3/4 at induction. Information was obtained from 3 patients in 6-month maintenance, 2/3 remained in clinical, biochemical and endoscopic remission and 1/3 has not achieved biochemical or endoscopic remission. Information was obtained from 1 patient in 12-month maintenance, achieving clinical and biochemical remission, however, endoscopic remission has not been achieved. One patient was initiated for severe acute UC with risk of colectomy, with significant improvement after 7 days, reaching therapeutic objectives at induction. No serious adverse events were reported in any of the cases. CONCLUSIONS: Efficacy and safety are demonstrated with tofacitinib in pediatric patients. With high percentage of response in induction treatment, sustained over time, and safe. In the context of severe acute hospitalized UC, it has a role as a potential rescue therapy due to its rapid action.

Tofacitinib in the treatment of moderate to severe ulcerative colitis in Colombia: Real world experience. / Tofacitinib en el tratamiento de la colitis ulcerosa moderada a grave en Colombia: experiencia en mundo real.

INTRODUCTION: There are no studies on efficacy of tofacitinib for ulcerative colitis (UC) in Latin America. The aim of this study was to describe the efficacy and safety, in the real world, of patients with moderate-severe UC treated with tofacitinib in our setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Multicenter descriptive observational study, in patients with UC who received treatment with tofacitinib in induction phase for 8 weeks and then, maintenance therapy, between June 2019 and June 2022. RESULTS: Thirty-four adult patients, 50% female, mean age 38.1 (range 22-72) years. 76.5% pancolitis, and 20.6% left colitis. 79.4% failure to tumor necrosis factor inhibitors (anti-TNFs), and 35.3% to vedolizumab. 14.7% naïve to biologic therapy. 23.5% had previous extraintestinal manifestations. During induction, 58.8% of patients achieved clinical, biochemical and endoscopic remission. During maintenance, 76.9% of patients at 26 weeks and 66.6% at 52 weeks presented clinical remission. Eight patients presented adverse events, none of them cardiovascular or thromboembolic. 44.1% were steroid-dependent, and 23.5% required steroids as rescue therapy. 38.3% required an increase in tofacitinib to 10mg every 12h during maintenance. In 17.6% tofacitinib was discontinued due to lack of efficacy. We included three pediatric-aged female patients, mean age 15.3 (range 14-17) years, 2/3 with pancolitis and 1/3 with left colitis, all with prior exposure to biologic therapy, who had clinical, biologic and endoscopic remission at induction. CONCLUSIONS: In this first Latin American study with tofacitinib in UC, efficacy and safety are demonstrated in the treatment of our patients with moderate to severe activity.

CHARACTERIZING COVID-19-RELATED RETINAL VASCULAR OCCLUSIONS: A Case Series and Review of the Literature.

PURPOSE: To describe clinical and ophthalmologic features and outcomes of patients with coronavirus disease-19 with retinal vascular occlusions. METHODS: Retrospective multicenter case series and PubMed review of cases reported from March 2020 to September 2021. Outcome measures are as follows: type of occlusion, treatments, best-corrected visual acuity, and central macular thickness on optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients were identified. Fifteen patients with a median age of 39 (30-67) years were included in the multicenter study. Vascular occlusions included central retinal vein occlusion (12 eyes), branch retinal vein occlusion (4 eyes), and central retinal artery occlusion (2 eyes). Three cases were bilateral. Baseline best-corrected visual acuity was 20/45 (no light perception-20/20). Baseline central macular thickness was 348.64 (±83) µm. Nine eyes received anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents, dexamethasone intravitreal implant, or both. Final best-corrected visual acuity was 20/25 (no light perception-20/20), and central macular thickness was 273.7 ± 68 µm (follow-up of 19.6 ± 6 weeks). Among the 24 cases from the literature review, retinal vein occlusion was the predominant lesion. Clinical characteristics and outcomes were similar to those found in our series. CONCLUSION: Coronavirus disease-19-associated retinal vascular occlusions tend to occur in individuals younger than 60 years. Retinal vein occlusion is the most frequent occlusive event, and outcomes are favorable in most cases.

Necrotizing gastritis as a rare complication in a pediatric patient with acute lymphoid leukemia. / Gastritis necrotizante como complicación infrecuente en un paciente pediátrico con leucemia linfoide aguda.

Necrotizing gastritis is an infrequent entity with unknown prevalence, the diagnosis is often incidental during exploratory laparotomy or autopsies of patients with acute abdomen. OBJECTIVE: To present a clinical case of necrotizing gastritis, a rare entity that should be taken into account in the context of immunocompromised patients with associated risk factors. CLINICAL CASE: 7-year-old male schoolboy diagnosed with T-precursor acute lymphoid leukemia, finishing induction chemotherapy cycle with PETHEMA 2013 protocol. He presented 12 days of symptoms characterized by epigastric abdominal pain and vomiting, initially acute pancreatitis was suspected, ruled out by normal pancreatic enzymes and abdominal computed tomography. Due to suspicion of acid peptic disease associated with steroids, treatment with proton pump inhibitors and prokinetics was started. Considering dyspepsia with alarm signs, such as progression of neutropenia, increased C-reactive protein and clinical deterioration, esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) was performed, compatible with necrotizing gastritis, confirmed by histopathology. He received pharmacological management, zero regimen and parenteral support, and progressive improvement was evidenced in imaging controls. After fasting for 30 days, enteral nutrition was started, well tolerated, with ambulatory follow-up. After improvement, chemotherapy plan was completed, highlighting complete remission, without complications after 2 years. CONCLUSION: Necrotizing gastritis is a rare entity, in the case described the risk factors were immunocompromise, previous management with corticosteroids and cytotoxic therapy, and possibly, exposure to stressful situations during hospitalization. Early diagnosis and treatment determined a favourable prognosis.

Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada disease in Spain.

PURPOSE: To describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada (VKH) disease in Spain. METHODS: This was a retrospective multicenter analysis of data from VKH patients followed for at least 6 months. The data collected were related to demographics, clinical manifestations, treatments, and complications. RESULTS: Participants were 112 patients (224 eyes), from 13 tertiary referral centers, of mean age 37.5 ± 14.7 years; 83.9% were women. Ethnicities were 61.6% Caucasian and 30.4% Hispanic. The disease was classified as complete in 16.1%, incomplete in 55.4%, and probable in 28.6%. When seen for the first time, the clinical course was acute in 69.6%, recurrent chronic in 15.2%, and chronic in 14.3%. The most frequent treatment was corticosteroids (acute stage 42.2%, maintenance stage 55.6%). The most common complications were cataract (41.1%) and ocular hypertension (16.1%). In most eyes, visual acuity was improved (96.7%) or remained stable at the end of follow up. CONCLUSION: VKH in Spain mostly affects women and presents as incomplete acute stage disease. Visual prognosis is good. Cataract and glaucoma are the two most frequent complications.

Hallazgos clínicos, epidemiológicos y virológicos del primer brote de covid-19 en Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia / Clinical, epidemiological and virological findings of the first covid-19 outbreak in Medellín, Antioquia, Colombia / Achados clínicos, epidemiológicos e virológicos do primeiro surto de covid-19 em Medellín, Antioquia, Colômbia

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica, epidemiológica y virológicamente el primer brote de covid-19, a partir del caso primario en Medellín (Colombia), a través de las acciones de vigilancia y control epidemiológico realizadas para su contención. Metodología: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Los casos secundarios se identificaron teniendo en cuenta la definición del protocolo del Instituto Nacional de Salud. La recolección de datos fue obtenida del Sistema de Vigilancia en Salud Pública, la investigación epidemiológica de campo, historia clínica y resultados de laboratorio. Se tuvieron en cuenta patrones clínicos de la enfermedad (signos y síntomas), componentes epidemiológicos (acciones de vigilancia y control de la transmisión) y virológicos (con el uso de la prueba diagnóstica para sars-CoV-2 y la evaluación de la recuperación virológica). La confirmación de los casos se hizo por técnica de detección diagnóstica de coronavirus Wuhan 2019 por Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction - Real Time, protocolo Charité, Berlín, Alemania 2020, procesadas en e informadas por el Laboratorio Nacional de Referencia del Instituto Nacional de Salud. Resultados: El caso primario de Medellín ingresó al país el 2 de marzo de 2020, procedente de Madrid (España) y fue confirmado el 9 de marzo. Se identificaron 52 contactos estrechos en 9 conglomerados. Las acciones de vigilancia en salud pública permitieron identificar 5 casos relacionados en una fase temprana de la enfermedad. Conclusiones: La caracterización del caso primario en Medellín permitió identificar el primer brote de covid-19 y orientar las medidas de control epidemiológico, como aislamientos, tomas de muestras, seguimiento a contactos y búsquedas de casos secundarios.

Abstract Objective: To characterize clinically, epidemiologically and virologically the first outbreak of covid-19, from the primary case in Medellín (Colombia), through surveillance and epidemiological control carried out for its containment. Methodology: Retrospective descriptive study. Secondary cases are identified taking into account the definition of the protocol of the National Institute of Health. Data collection was obtained of the Public Health Surveillance System, research epidemiological field, medical history and results of laboratory. Clinical patterns of the disease (signs and symptoms), epidemiological components (transmission surveillance and control actions) and virological (with the use of the diagnostic test for sars-CoV-2 and the evaluation of virological recovery). The confirmation of the cases was done by the diagnostic detection technique of Wuhan coronavirus 2019 by reverse transcription polymerase Chain Reaction - Real Time, Charité protocol, Berlin, Germany 2020, processed in and reported by the National Laboratory of Reference of the National Institute of Health. Results: The Medellín's primary case entered the country on March 2, 2020, from Madrid (Spain) and was confirmed on March 9. 52 close contacts were identified in 9 clusters. The surveillance actions in public health made it possible to identify 5 related cases in an early phase of the disease. Conclusions: The characterization of the primary case in Medellín seek to identify the first outbreak of covid-19 and guide the epidemiological control measures, such as isolations, intakes of samples, follow-up contacts and case searches secondary.

Resumo Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica, epidemiológica e virologicamente o primeiro surto de covid-19, desde o caso primário em Medellín (Colômbia), por meio das ações de vigilância e controle epidemiológico realizadas para sua contenção. Metodologia: Estudo descritivo retrospectivo. Os casos secundários foram identificados tendo em consideração a definição do protocolo do National Institute of Health. A coleta de dados foi obtida junto ao Sistema Único de Vigilância em Saúde, pesquisa epidemiológica de campo, história clínica e resultados laboratoriais. Foram considerados os padrões clínicos da doença (sinais e sintomas), componentes epidemiológicos (ações de vigilância e controle da transmissão) e virológicos (com uso do teste diagnóstico para sars-CoV-2 e avaliação da recuperação virológica). A confirmação dos casos foi feita pela técnica de detecção diagnóstica de coronavírus Wuhan 2019 por Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase de Transcrição Reversa - Tempo Real, protocolo Charité, Berlim, Alemanha 2020, processada e relatada pelo Laboratório de Referência Nacional do Instituto Nacional de Saúde. Resultados: O caso primário de Medellín entrou no país em 2 de março de 2020, a partir de Madrid (Espanha) e foi confirmado em 9 de março. 52 contatos próximos foram identificados em 9 clusters. As ações de vigilância em saúde pública possibilitaram a identificação de 5 casos relacionados em fase inicial da doença. Conclusões: A caracterização do caso primário em Medellín permitiu identificar o primeiro surto de covid-19 e orientar medidas de controle epidemiológico, como isolamento, amostragem, acompanhamento de contatos e busca de casos secundários.

Incidencia y factores asociados al síndrome sibilante del lactante, Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia / Incidence and associated factors to wheezing in infants, Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia

Introducción: Los cuadros broncoobstructivos en lactantes son causa frecuente de consulta a servicios ambulatorios, acudir a urgencias u hospitalización. Se presentan en forma recurrente o recidivante, con secuelas a largo plazo. Objetivo: Establecer la incidencia y los factores asociados para desarrollar síndrome sibilante (SS) y su recurrencia durante los dos primeros años de vida. Metodología: Estudio retrospectivo de cohorte. Se indagó sobre presencia de sibilancias, edad de la primera crisis, eventos en los primeros dos años de vida, y aspectos reconocidos previamente como factores de riesgo. Se estimó tasa de incidencia y probabilidad de estar libre de SS a los dos años, así como los factores asociados con la presencia de SS recurrente y no recurrente. Resultados: Se estudiaron 139 varones y 159 niñas residentes en el Área Metropolitana de Bucaramanga, Colombia. La tasa de incidencia a dos años es de 1,22 episodios/100 meses-persona (IC95% 0,97-1,47), con probabilidad de llegar al segundo cumpleaños sin SS es 67,0% (IC95% 60,7 a 72,4%). Los factores asociados con SS no recurrente fueron historia familiar de rinitis (RR 2,56) o asma (RR 2,11), y convivir con fumadores (RR 2,00); SS recurrente fueron historia familiar de rinitis (RR 8,79) o asma (RR 3,43), consumo de alimentos alergénicos (RR 6,82), asfixia perinatal (RR 6,36), asistir al jardín infantil (RR 3,37) y convivir con menores de 10 años (RR 1,63). Discusión: La incidencia de SS es similar a la encontrada en países desarrollados. Muchos factores asociados son prevenibles, que de intervenirse ayudaría a disminuir el riesgo de que los lactantes enfermen o que recurran. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 131-140.

Introduction: Bronchoobstructive disease in infants is frequent cause of assistance to primary and emergency services, and hospitalization, too. These are recurrent or non-recurrent, with long-term sequelae. Objective: To establish the incidence and associated factors for developing wheezing syndrome (WS) and its recurrence during the first two years of life. Methodology: A retrospective cohort. A survey was conducted to determine wheezing incidence, age at first crisis, event number in the first two years of life, and aspects previously recognized as risk factors. It was estimated incidence rate and likelihood of being free of WS at two years, as well as the associated factors with recurrent and non-recurrent WS. Results: We studied 139 boys and 159 girls dwelling in the Bucaramanga Metropolitan Area, Colombia. The incidence rate for two years is 1.22 events/100 person-months (95%CI 0,97-1,47), with a potential to reach the second birthday without WS of 67.0% (95%CI 60.7 to 72.4%). Associated factors with non-recurrent WS were family history of recurrent rhinitis (RR 2.56) or asthma (RR 2.11), and live with smokers (RR 2.00); for recurrent WS were a family history of rhinitis (RR 8.79 ) or asthma (RR 3.43), consumption of allergenic food (RR 6.82), perinatal asphyxia (RR 6.36), to attend kindergarten (RR 3.37), and to be living with children under 10 years (RR 1,63). Discussion: The incidence of WS is similar to others found in developed countries. Many risk factors are preventable, and their intervention would help to reduce the risk to suffer WS. Salud UIS 2011; 43 (2): 131-140.

Síndrome de Prune Belly: presentación de un caso y revisión de la literatura / Prune Belly Syndrome: case report and review

INTRODUCCIÓN: El síndrome de Prune Belly (SPB), también conocido como el síndrome de Eagle Barrett, se caracteriza por una triada de anomalías que incluye grados variables de hipoplasia de la musculatura abdominal, anomalías del tracto urinario y criptorquidia bilateral. OBJETIVO: Se describe el caso de un paciente masculino con Síndrome de Prune Belly y se realiza una revisión de la literatura sobre esta rara enfermedad. CONCLUSIÓN: La característica arrugada del abdomen similar a una ciruela pasa, le da el nombre al síndrome. Además, puede estar asociado a alteraciones cardiovasculares, respiratorias, ortopédicas y gastrointestinales.

INTRODUCTION: Prune-belly syndrome, also known as Eagle-Barrett syndrome is characterized by a triad of anomalies that include varying degrees of abdominal musculature hypoplasia, urinary tract anomalies, and bilateral cryptorchidism. OBJECTIVE: We describe the case of a male patient with Prune Belly Syndrome and we review the literature on this rare disease. CONCLUSIONS: The characteristic wrinkled, prune-like abdomen, gives the name to the syndrome. Can also be associated with cardiovascular, respiratory, orthopedic and gastrointestinal anomalies.

Impétigo contagiosos: evaluación de siete esquemas de tratamiento / Contagious impetigo: evaluation of 7 schemes of treatment

Se evaluán 247 pacientes pediátricos con impétigo, de Enero a Diciembre 1985. Los pacientes ingresan aleatoriamente a varios esquemas de terapia. Se concluye que el tratamiento exclusivo con medidas higiénicas es insuficiente (63.8% de fracasos). El tratamiento con terapia tópica con Yodo Povidona o Rifamicina es más efectivo que el tratamiento con antibióticos por vía oral y significativamente más económico

Cuidados intensivos pediátricos: experiencia en la unidad HCSFP (Hospital Central de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Policiales / Intensive care in pediatrics: experience in HCSFP (Central Sanity Hospital of the Police Forces)

Al cumplirse el primer año de funcionamiento de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos de Pediatría del Hospital Central de la Sanidad de las Fuerzas Policiales, la experiencia es como sigue: De un total de 1220 egresos del Departamento de Pediatría 228 casos (18. 76%). Fueron hospitalizados en la Unidad. Del total de egresos, 150 casos (65. 8%). Fueron del sexo masculino y 78 (34. 2%) del sexo femenino. Incidencia por edades: 36 casos (15. 8%) neonatos. Predominio de menores de 2 años con un 71% (162 casos) y el 29% correspondieron a mayores de dos años. Entre las patologías más frecuentes: 1. Patología Respiratoria (36. 7%). 2. Patología Digestiva (28%) y 3. Patología Neurológica (19. 3%). La mortalidad global fue de 13 casos (5. 7%) correspondiendo mayor mortalidad al sexo masculino con 10 (76. 9%) y al grupo etario de los menores de dos años con 9 defunciones (69. 2%). La causa más frecuente de mortalidad fue la patología neurológica con 7 casos (53. 8%) seguida de la sepsis con 3 (23%) y la respiratoria con dos casos (15. 4%)