Long-term trends of nasopharyngeal carcinoma mortality in China from 2006 to 2020 by region and sex: an age-period-cohort analysis.

BACKGROUND: China has a high mortality from nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). The NPC mortality trends in China from 2006 to 2020 were described and analyzed to understand its epidemiological characteristics by region and sex and to explore age, period, and cohort effects. METHODS: This study utilized NPC mortality data from the China Health Statistical Yearbook. A joinpoint regression model was used to fit the standardized NPC mortality and age-specific mortality. The age-period-cohort model was applied to investigate age, period, and cohort effects on NPC mortality risk. RESULTS: The results showed that the NPC mortality rate in China has been declining steadily. From 2006 to 2020, the standardized NPC mortality rate in most age groups showed a significant downward trend. The annual percentage change was smaller in rural areas than in urban areas. The mortality risks of rural males and rural females from 2016 to 2020 were 1.139 times and 1.080 times those from 2011 to 2015, respectively. Both urban males born in 1984-1988 and rural males born in 1979-1983 exhibited an increasing trend in NPC mortality risk. CONCLUSIONS: Our study confirmed the effectiveness of NPC prevention and treatment strategies in China from 2006 to 2020. However, it underscored the urgent need for targeted interventions in rural areas to further reduce NPC mortality rates.

Mortality rates for mental disorders by gender in urban and rural areas in China from 2006 to 2020: An age-period-cohort analysis.

This study was to explore the trends of mortality rates for mental disorders by gender in urban and rural areas in China (2006-2020) and estimate the independent effects of age, period, and cohort on the mortality of mental disorders. This study employs data from the China Health Statistical Yearbook. The data were analysed using joinpoint regression analysis as well as age-period-cohort analysis. Results revealed the age-standardized mortality rates of mental disorders in China showed a downward trend, and women had a faster rate of decline than men over the years 2006-2020. Age, period, and birth cohort effects were statistically significant in the trend analysis of mental disorder mortality, and compared with period and cohort effects, age effects were the leading correlate of mental disorder mortality. The risk of death increased with advancing age. Our findings suggest that the mortality of mental disorders showed a downward trend, but some effective measures, especially regarding mental disorders, need to be taken to protect people with these disorders and prevent their occurrence in the setting of an ageing population.

Analysis of Rheumatic Heart Disease Mortality in the Chinese Population: A JoinPoint and Age-Period-Cohort Study.

(1) Background: We aimed to analyze rheumatic heart disease (RHD) mortality trends in China's urban and rural areas and to determine the roles of age, period, and cohort effects. (2) Methods: Based on mortality data extracted from the China Health Statistics Yearbook, we calculated the crude mortality rate of RHD. Age-adjusted rates were computed by the direct method using the 2020 census as the standard population. The annual percentage change (APC) and average annual percentage change (AAPC) were determined by the JoinPoint regression model. The age-period-cohort model was used to estimate the effects of age, period, and cohort. (3) Results: From 2006 to 2020, the general trend in RHD standardized mortality declined. The RHD mortality rate was higher in rural than in urban areas and among females than males. The elderly (over 60 years old) were at high risk for RHD deaths in China. The age effect increased with age, and the cohort effect showed a declining trend as chronology grew, but the period effect was not significant. (4) Conclusions: China has achieved great success in RHD, but RHD mortality may increase with age. Compared with the period effect, age and cohort effects dominated the risk of RHD deaths.