BiVO4 Photoanodes Enhanced with Metal Phosphide Co-Catalysts: Relevant Properties to Boost Photoanode Performance.

Achieving highly performant photoanodes for oxygen evolution is key to developing photoelectrochemical devices for solar water splitting. In this work, BiVO4 photoanodes are enhanced with a series of core-shell structured bimetallic nickel-cobalt phosphides (MPs), and key insights into the role of co-catalysts are provided. The best BiVO4 /Ni1.5 Co0.5 P and BiVO4 /Ni0.5 Co1.5 P photoanodes achieve a 3.5-fold increase in photocurrent compared with bare BiVO4 . It is discovered that this enhanced performance arises from a synergy between work function, catalytic activity, and capacitive ability of the MPs. Distribution of relaxation times analysis reveals that the contact between the MPs, BiVO4 , and the electrolyte gives rise to three routes for hole injection into the electrolyte, all of which are significantly improved by the presence of a second metal cation in the co-catalyst. Kinetic studies demonstrate that the significantly improved interfacial charge injection is due to a lower charge-transfer resistance, enhanced oxygen-evolution reaction kinetics, and larger surface hole concentrations, providing deeper insights into the carrier dynamics in these photoanode/co-catalyst systems for their rational design.

Diallyl disulfide, the bioactive component of Allium species, ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by mediating the crosstalk of farnesoid X receptor and yes-associated protein 1 signaling pathway.

Environmental pollution, virus infection, allergens, and other factors may cause respiratory disease, which could be improved by dietary therapy. Allium species are common daily food seasoning and have high nutritional and medical value. Diallyl disulfide (DADS) is the major volatile oil compound of Allium species. The present study aims to explore the preventive effect and potential mechanism of DADS on pulmonary fibrosis. C57BL/6J mice were intratracheally injected with bleomycin (BLM) to establish pulmonary fibrosis and then administrated with DADS. Primary lung fibroblasts or A549 were stimulated with BLM, followed by DADS, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) agonist (GW4064), yes-associated protein 1 (YAP1) inhibitor (verteporfin), or silencing of FXR and YAP1. In BLM-stimulated mice, DADS significantly ameliorated histopathological changes and interleukin-1ß levels in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. DADS decreased fibrosis markers, HIF-1α, inflammatory cytokines, and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in pulmonary mice and activated fibroblasts. DADS significantly enhanced FXR expression and inhibited YAP1 activation, which functions as GW4064 and verteporfin. A deficiency of FXR or YAP1 could result in the increase of these two protein expressions, respectively. DADS ameliorated extracellular matrix deposition, hypoxia, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and inflammation in FXR or YAP1 knockdown A549. Taken together, targeting the crosstalk of FXR and YAP1 might be the potential mechanism for DADS against pulmonary fibrosis. DADS can serve as a potential candidate or dietary nutraceutical supplement for the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis.

The therapeutic and prognostic role of cuproptosis-related genes in triple negative breast cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to observe the potential impact of known cuproptosis-related genes (CRGs) on triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) development, as well as their associated molecular mechanisms, immune infiltration mechanisms and potential therapeutic agents. RESULTS: Based on the Cox Proportional Hazard Model, 11 CRGs may be especially important in TNBC development and progression (considered as the Key-TNBC-CRGs). The expression of several Key-TNBC-CRGs (e.g., ATP7A, PIK3CA, LIAS, and LIPT) are associated with common mutations. The SCNA variation of 11 Key-TNBC-CRGs are related to differences immune infiltration profiles. In particular, depletion of ATP7A, ATP7B, CLS, LIAS, and SCL31A1 and while high amplification of NLRP3 and LIPT2 are correlated with decreased immune infiltration. In our Cox proportional hazards regression model, there is a significant difference in the overall survival between high-risk and low-risk groups. The HR in the high-risk group is 3.891 versus the low-risk group. And this model has a satisfactory performance in Prediction of 5-15-year survival, in particular in the 10-year survival (AUC = 0.836). Finally, we discovered some potential drugs for TNBC treatment based on the strategy of targeting 11 Key-TNBC-CRGs, such as Dasatinib combined with ABT-737, Erastin or Methotrexate, and Docetaxel/Ispinesib combination. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, CRGs may play important roles in TNBC development, and they can impact tumor immune microenvironment and patient survival. The Key-TNBC-CRGs interact mutually and can be influenced by common BC-related mutations. Additionally, we established a 11-gene risk model with a robust performance in prediction of 5-15-year survival. As well, some new drugs are proposed potentially effective in TNBC based on the CRG strategy.

A modified triangular Double-J stent for retrograde intrarenal surgery improvement of free-stone rate, and quality of life: a randomized controlled, multiple centers, perspective trial.

PURPOSE: The goal of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of modified triangular double-J (DJ) stent in 1-2 cm renal or ureter calculi after retrograde intrarenal surgery (RIRS) via a randomized, controlled clinical study. METHODS: A total of 196 patients with 1-2 cm renal or ureter calculi who were performed RIRS and received 7Fr modified triangular DJ stents (100 cases) or 6Fr normal DJ stents (96 cases). All operations were performed by experienced surgeons. The clinical characteristics and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age, gender, BMI, location, hydronephrosis, urea WBC, urea RBC, BUN, Cr, laser emission time, operation time, Hb loss, postoperative BUN, postoperative Cr. Patients who received modified triangular DJ stents were shown to have higher stone-free rate (p = 0.038), but lower general health (p = 0.004). CONCLUSION: The modified triangular 7Fr DJ stents were more efficient for patients underwent RIRS than 6Fr normal DJ stents.

Can vitamin B6 alleviate the adverse reactions of quadruple anti-Helicobacter pylori regimen? : randomized controlled trial.

BACKGROUND: Vitamin B6 is an essential water-soluble vitamin for humans. It is often used to prevent a variety of neuropathies, relieve vomiting, and relieve symptoms such as hand and foot neuritis. AIM: To evaluate whether vitamin B6 can alleviate the adverse reactions caused by the quadruple anti-Helicobacter pylori treatment regimen containing minocycline and metronidazole. METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial, 280 patients with H. pylori infection were randomly placed into one of two treatment groups-the conventional treatment group and the vitamin B6 supplement treatment group-for 2 weeks. The primary endpoint was the total incidence of adverse reactions up to 2 weeks after treatment initiation. The study was designed according to CONSORT Medicinal Interventions. And it was registered with Chinese Clinical Trial Registry under the number ChiCTR2100053833. RESULTS: In terms of efficacy, vitamin B6 does not affect the efficacy of conventional regimen. In the vitamin B6 supplement treatment group, the incidence of adverse reactions was 56.92%, which was significantly lower than the 74.62% observed in the conventional treatment group. In addition, the severity of adverse reactions was also significantly reduced. The proportion of moderate to severe central nervous system symptoms decreased from 58.7 to 14.63%. And, the proportion of moderate to severe gastrointestinal reactions decreased from 33.33 to 0%. We speculate that the mechanism of vitamin B6 of reducing adverse reaction may be related to the production of GABA in the brain. CONCLUSIONS: Vitamin B6 can alleviate adverse reactions of the quadruple anti-H. pylori regimen containing minocycline and metronidazole.

Demulsifier-Inspired Superhydrophilic/Underwater Superoleophobic Membrane Modified with Polyoxypropylene Polyoxyethylene Block Polymer for Enhanced Oil/Water Separation Properties.

Demulsifiers are considered the key materials for oil/water separation. Various works in recent years have shown that demulsifiers with polyoxypropylen epolyoxyethylene branched structures possess better demulsification effects. In this work, inspired by the chemical structure of demulsifiers, a novel superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic membrane modified with a polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene block polymer was fabricated for enhanced separation of O/W emulsion. First, a typical polyoxypropylene polyoxyethylene triblock polymer (Pluronic F127) was grafted onto the poly styrene-maleic anhydride (SMA). Then, the Pluronic F127-grafted SMA (abbreviated as F127@SMA) was blended with polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) for the preparation of the F127@SMA/PVDF ultrafiltration membrane. The obtained F127@SMA/PVDF ultrafiltration membrane displayed superhydrophilic/underwater superoleophobic properties, with a water contact angle of 0° and an underwater oil contact angle (UOCA) higher than 150° for various oils. Moreover, it had excellent separation efficiency for SDS-stabilized emulsions, even when the oil being emulsified was crude oil. The oil removal efficiency was greater than 99.1%, and the flux was up to 272.4 L·m-2·h-1. Most importantly, the proposed F127@SMA/PVDF membrane also exhibited outstanding reusability and long-term stability. Its UOCA remained higher than 150° in harsh acidic, alkaline, and high-salt circumstances. Overall, the present work proposed an environmentally friendly and convenient approach for the development of practical oil/water separation membranes.

Effect of Hypertension on EPR effect Induced by Polymer Nanomicelles in Renal Cell Carcinoma in vitro.

Objective: To investigate the effect of hypertension on the (enhanced permeability and retention, EPR) effect induced by polymer nanomicelles in renal cell carcinoma in vitro. Methods: A total of 80 patients with renal cell carcinoma treated at the Department of Urology Surgery in the Dept. of Urology of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from Oct. 2019 to Oct. 2020, were analyzed retrospectively. The hypertension group (experimental group) included 40 patients, and the normal blood pressure group (control group) included 40 patients. The diagnosis of renal clear cell carcinoma was confirmed by preoperative auxiliary examinations, such as ultrasonography and CT combined with postoperative pathological analysis. All patients underwent laparoscopic radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Polymer nanomicelles (loaded with prolonium iodide) were perfused into the resected kidney specimens within the specified time. The iodine enrichment of polymer nanomicelles in renal tumors was assessed by CT scanning. The peak EPR effect and the time to the peak were statistically compared between the two groups. Results: No significant differences were found in age, sex, location of kidney disease, tumor location or tumor size between the two groups (p> 0.05). The peak (χ̄±S) of the EPR effect in experimental group was 3.60±0.95 ug/cm3 and 3.01±0.96 ug/cm3 in control group, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (p< 0.05). The time to the peak of the EPR effect was 3.76±0.75 h in experimental group and 3.82±0.93 hour in control group, respectively. No statistically significant difference was found in the time to the peak of the EPR effect between the two groups (p> 0.05). Conclusion: Hypertension has a certain effect on the EPR effect induced by polymer nanomicelles in renal cell carcinoma in vitro.

Application of Micro-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Micro-PCNL) combined with FURL in 1-2 cm symptomatic, refractory lower calyceal stones.

Objective: To investigate the safety and efficacy of Micro-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Micro-PCNL) combined with flexible ureteroscopic lithotomy (FURL) in the treatment of 1-2 cm symptomatic, refractory lower calyceal stones. Methods: A retrospective analysis was performed concerning the clinical data of 28 patients with 1-2 cm symptomatic, refractory lower calyceal stones. When there was a difficulty in performing FURL in Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2019 to February 2022, ultrasound-guided F4.8 visual puncture was performed on the lower calyceal stone,with a holmium laser was then used to treat the remaining stones, followed by drainage using a flexible ureteroscopic sheath and postoperative indwelling of the ureteral stent without a nephrostomy tube. The surgery time, intraoperative bleeding and stone-free rate(SFR) were recorded, and the VAS score was used to evaluate the patients' pain status. Results: The surgery was completed successfully in an average of 43.46 ± 10.04 minutes, and the puncture time was 3.46 ± 0.69 minutes. The SFR was 85.71%(24/28) and 92.86%(26/28) at one day and 30 days after surgery, respectively. Two patients with residual stones greater than 0.6 cm in size underwent extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy four weeks after surgery. Patients were followed up for three months after surgery, and the SFR was revised to 96.43%(27/28). In addition, the VAS scores of all patients decreased significantly from before to after surgery, and the difference was statistically significant(p< 0.05). Conclusion: Micro-Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy (Micro-PCNL) combined with FURL is safe and effective in the treatment of 1-2 cm symptomatic, refractory lower calyceal stones.

The impact of Helicobacter pylori infection and eradication therapy containing minocycline and metronidazole on intestinal microbiota.

BACKGROUND: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is associated with remodeling of gut microbiota. Many studies have found H. pylori infection and eradication therapy can alter the gut microbiota. However, few studies explored the impact of eradication therapy containing minocycline and metronidazole on gut microbiota. AIM: The objective of the present study was to explore the changes of gut microbiota after H. pylori infection. Besides, learn more about the dynamic changes of gut microbiota during different stages of eradication treatment containing minocycline, metronidazole, bismuth agents and proton pump inhibitors. METHODS: Sixty stool samples from the patients with H. pylori infection before eradication, 14 and 42 days after eradication, and ten stool samples from non-infected individuals were collected. Subsequently, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to analyze these samples, and the results were evaluated by using alpha diversity, beta diversity and microbial composition analyses. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States was also used to predict the metabolic pathways according to the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database. RESULTS: The alpha and beta diversity of the microbiota changed significantly in H. pylori infected individuals, but returned to baseline 42 days after eradication therapy. At the genus level, the abundances of Bacteroidetes, [Ruminococcus]_gnavus_group, Ruminococcaceae_Incertae_Sedis, Tuzzrealla, Butyricicoccus were significantly lower in the H. pylori infected group. Bacterial abundance was also dynamically changing during eradication treatment. In addition, PICRUST analysis found the levels of uronic acid metabolism, uncharacterized transport system, and biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids were higher in H. pylori infected individuals than in the non-infected group. CONCLUSIONS: Intestinal microbiota diversity, composition, functional predictions altered significantly after H. pylori infection, and gradually returned to healthy control levels after the application of eradication therapy containing minocycline and metronidazole in one month and a half.

Circ_0037866 Contributes to the Tumorigenesis of Renal Cell Carcinoma by Sequestering miR-384 to Elevate Chromobox 5 Expression.

BACKGROUND: Circular RNAs (circRNAs) were demonstrated to have roles in the carcinogenesis of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). Hence, this work aimed to determine the functions and molecular mechanism of circ_0037866 in regulating the progression of RCC. METHODS: Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and Western blotting were used to detect the levels of genes and proteins. In vitro assays, including colony formation, 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine, flow cytometry, transwell assays, and in vivo tumor formation, were conducted to investigate the effects of circ_0037866 on RCC tumorigenesis. Dual-luciferase reporter assay, RNA pull-down, and RNA immunoprecipitation assay were used to confirm the interaction between miR-384 and circ_0037866 or Chromobox 5 (CBX5). RESULTS: Circ_0037866 is a stable circRNA and was found to be increased in RCC tissues and cells. Functionally, circ_0037866 silencing suppressed RCC cell survival, invasion, and migration in vitro, and impeded RCC cell tumorigenesis in the subcutaneous xenograft model. Mechanistically, circ_0037866 could function as a sponge for miR-384 to elevate the expression of its target CBX5. Furthermore, a series of rescue experiments showed that miR-384 inhibition reversed the anticancer effects of circ_0037866 knockdown on RCC cells; besides that, miR-384 restoration suppressed RCC cell growth and mobility, which were attenuated by CBX5 overexpression. CONCLUSION: Circ_0037866 knockdown restrains the tumorigenesis of RCC by miR-384/CBX5, revealing a promising molecular target for RCC therapy.

Removal of Antimony in Wastewater by Antimony Tolerant Sulfate-Reducing Bacteria Isolated from Municipal Sludge.

Antimony (Sb), a global and priority controlled pollutant, causes severe environmental issues. Bioremediation by microbial communities containing sulfate-reducing bacteria (SRB) is considered to be among the safest, economical, and environmentally friendly methods to remove Sb from wastewater. However, the roles of SRB species in these communities remain uncertain, and pure cultures of bacteria that may be highly efficient have not yet been developed for Sb removal. In this study, an Sb tolerant community was enriched from municipal sludge, and molecular ecological analysis showed that Escherichia (40%) and Desulfovibrio (15%) were the dominant bacteria. Further isolation and identification showed that the enriched SRB strains were closely related to Cupidesulfovibrio oxamicus, based on the molecular analyses of 16S rRNA and dsrB genes. Among them, a strain named SRB49 exhibited the highest activity in removal of Sb(V). SRB49 was able to remove 95% of Sb(V) at a concentration of 100 mg/L within 48 h under optimum conditions: a temperature of 37-40 °C, an initial pH value of 8, 4 mM of sulfate, and an initial redox potential of 145-229 mV. SEM-EDX analysis showed that SRB49 did not adsorb Sb(V) but reduced and precipitated Sb(V) via the formation of Sb2S3. The results demonstrated the potential roles that pure cultures of SRB species may play in Sb removal and the use of Sb-tolerant SRB strains for Sb remediation.

Parthenolide, bioactive compound of Chrysanthemum parthenium L., ameliorates fibrogenesis and inflammation in hepatic fibrosis via regulating the crosstalk of TLR4 and STAT3 signaling pathway.

The current study focused on the regulatory effects of parthenolide (PNL), a bioactive component derived from Chrysanthemum parthenium L., against hepatic fibrosis via regulating the crosstalk of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in activated hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). HSCs or Raw 264.7 macrophages were activated by TGF-ß or LPS for 1 hr, respectively, and then treated with PNL, CLI-095 (TLR4 inhibitor), or Niclosamide (STAT3 inhibitor) for the indicated time to detect the crosstalk of TLR4 and STAT3. PNL significantly decreased the expressions of α-SMA, collagen I, and the ratio of TIMP1 and MMP13 in TGF-ß-activated HSCs. PNL significantly reduced the releases of pro-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-6, IL-1ß, IL-1α, IL-18, and regulated signaling P2X7r/NLRP3 axis activation. PNL obviously induced the apoptosis of activated HSCs by regulating bcl-2 and caspases family. PNL significantly inhibited the expressions of TLR4 and STAT3, including their downstream signaling. PNL could regulate the crosstalk of TLR4 and STAT3, which were verified by their inhibitors in activated HSCs or Raw 264.7 cell macrophages. Thus, PNL could decrease the expressions of fibrosis markers, reduce the releases of inflammatory cytokines, and also induce the apoptosis of activated HSCs. In conclusion, PNL could bi-directionally inhibit TLR4 and STAT3 signaling pathway, suggesting that blocking the crosstalk of TLR4 and STAT3 might be the potential mechanism of PNL against hepatic fibrosis.

Efficacy evaluation of Lattice Carbon Dioxide Laser Therapy in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy and postoperative complications of lattice carbon dioxide laser in the treatment of postmenopausal patients with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence. METHODS: A total of 30 postmenopausal female patients with mild to moderate stress urinary incontinence, recruited from the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from September to November 2019, were selected as the study subjects and treated with lattice carbon dioxide laser therapy. Treatment was given at intervals of one month. The degree of urinary incontinence, the urinary incontinence questionnaire (ICI-Q-SF) score, and the urinary incontinence quality of life scale (I-QOL)) Score, surgical satisfaction, one hour pad test and postoperative complications before treatment and after each treatment of all patients were respectively recorded and compared. RESULTS: Compared with those before treatment, the grade of urinary incontinence and ICI-Q-SF scores of these 30 patients after each treatment were lower, and their I-QOL scores were higher. The difference of one hour urine pad test was statistically significant (P<0.05), but the follow-up data of three months after the third treatment was close to that of one month after the first treatment. The satisfaction rate of these 30 patients was 76.67% (23/30). After treatment, only one patient presented vaginal itching discomfort on the first day after surgery and the symptoms disappeared three days later. No obvious complications occurred in the other 29 patients. CONCLUSION: The treatment of mild and moderate postmenopausal patients with stress urinary incontinence with lattice carbon dioxide laser can effectively reduce the incidence of incontinence and improve the quality of life.

[Research status and prospect of artificial intelligence technology in the diagnosis of urinary system tumors].

With the rapid development of artificial intelligence technology, researchers have applied it to the diagnosis of various tumors in the urinary system in recent years, and have obtained many valuable research results. The article sorted the research status of artificial intelligence technology in the fields of renal tumors, bladder tumors and prostate tumors from three aspects: the number of papers, image data, and clinical tasks. The purpose is to summarize and analyze the research status and find new valuable research ideas in the future. The results show that the artificial intelligence model based on medical data such as digital imaging and pathological images is effective in completing basic diagnosis of urinary system tumors, image segmentation of tumor infiltration areas or specific organs, gene mutation prediction and prognostic effect prediction, but most of the models for the requirement of clinical application still need to be improved. On the one hand, it is necessary to further improve the detection, classification, segmentation and other performance of the core algorithm. On the other hand, it is necessary to integrate more standardized medical databases to effectively improve the diagnostic accuracy of artificial intelligence models and make it play greater clinical value.

Single-Port Percutaneous Nephroscopy combined with GreenLight Laser in Simple Renal Cyst.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the therapeutic effect of percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser on simple renal cyst. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted to review the clinical data, surgical procedures, intraoperative bleeding, postoperative adverse reactions, and length of stay of 32 patients who had been admitted to Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from January 2018 to February 2019. All patients had been diagnosed with simple renal cyst by imaging examination and met the surgical indications for single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with GreenLight laser for unroofing and decompression of the renal cyst. Among the 32 patients, there were 18 males and 14 females, with 15 cases on the left and 17 on the right. The patients aged 38 to 62 years old, with an average of 45 years old. Thirteen cases were hospitalized mainly due to complaint of lumbar pain, and 19 cases were admitted after a renal cyst was found by physical examination. The diameter of the cyst ranged from 4.2 to 9.1 cm, with an average of 6.1 cm. A percutaneous nephroscopic channel was established during the surgery. Once a nephroscope was placed into the cyst, GreenLight laser (energy of 80W) was used to remove the free cyst wall 0.3cm from the renal parenchymal margin under direct vision. After the incision margin was observed with no obvious exudation under microscope, the cyst wall was removed through the channel and sent for pathological examination. A drainage catheter was placed near the cyst cavity. RESULTS: All the 32 patients were successfully operated, without transition to laparoscopic and open surgery. The operations took 30 to 62 minutes, with an average of 45 minutes. The intraoperative bleeding ranged from three to 14 ml, with an average of 10 ml. No adverse events such as postoperative infection, fever, or active bleeding occurred. The drainage catheters were removed one to three days after operation, with an average of 1.5 days after operation. The drainage volume was 20 to 55 ml, with an average of 35 ml. No obvious liquid extravasation was seen in all cases. The length of stay after operation ranged from three to five days, with an average of 3.5 days. Postoperative pathological reports all suggested renal cyst wall. The patients were followed up for six months, and no cyst recurred. CONCLUSIONS: Single-port percutaneous nephroscopy combined with Green Light laser could provide significant clinical effect in treating simple renal cyst with minimal trauma.

Experience in the application of laparoscopic anatomical adrenalectomy via the renal cortex surface monolayer.

OBJECTIVE: To discuss the clinical application of laparoscopic anatomical adrenalectomy via the renal cortex surface in the operation of adrenal masses. METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed on 231 patients with adrenal masses who were received and cured in the urology department of the Affiliated Hospital of Hebei University from July 2016 to January 2019. All patients received retroperitoneal adrenalectomy by means of laparoscopic anatomical adrenalectomy via the renal cortex surface. Operation duration, bleeding volume, postoperative complications, retention time of the drainage tube were measured and analyzed, and postoperative follow-up surveys were administered. RESULTS: All cases were successfully operated. Two cases were converted to open surgery due to the presence of large adrenal tumors, and the patients suffered no significant complications. The mean operation duration, bleeding volume and retention time of the drainage tube were 31 minutes, 20 mL and 1.2±0.6 d, respectively. In terms of the postoperative pathology of adrenal tumors, 183 cases were shown to have adenomas, 34 had pheochromocytomas, nine had schwannomas, 3 had metastases from lung cancer, and two had sarcomas. A total of 174 patients were followed up for three to 18 months. Only one case with sarcoma that relapsed within half a year of the operation. CONCLUSION: In the treatment of adrenal masses, laparoscopic anatomical adrenalectomy via the renal cortex surface has many advantages including the large operation space, clear view of anatomical markers, little bleeding, small trauma, few postoperative complications, simple operational procedures and short learning curves. This technique needs clinical promotion.

Bioinspired Superwettable Covalent Organic Framework Nanofibrous Composite Membrane with a Spindle-Knotted Structure for Highly Efficient Oil/Water Emulsion Separation.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted broad interest in a number of fields including gas access, catalysis, and ionic adsorption. However, owing to the low stability in water, the application of COFs in the field of oil/water separation is extensively impeded. In this paper, we synthesized COF-DhaTab/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nanofibrous composite membranes with a bioinspired spindle-knotted structure via a facile blending electrospinning method. The COF-DhaTab/PAN composite membrane shows prewetting-induced superoleophobicity under water and superhydrophobicity under oil. It possesses outstanding rejection ratio (>99.9%), excellent antifouling performance, and ultrahigh oil/water mixture flux up to 4229.29 L/m2h even though driven only by gravity. Specifically, an extraordinary oil contact angle under water (152.3°) and a satisfied water contact angle under oil (153.7°) were offered by the composite membrane. These are mainly attributed to the spindle-knotted structures induced by COFs. To the best of our knowledge, the application of COF/PAN composite membrane in the field of oil/water separation has never been reported. It is an innovative approach for oily wastewater treatment and oil purification.

Fabrication of a PPS Microporous Membrane for Efficient Water-in-Oil Emulsion Separation.

Separation of emulsified water/oil mixtures is a worldwide concern. However, poor chemical and solvent resistance of general polymeric membranes limit these membranes for application in the separation process. In this study, a poly(phenylene sulfide) (PPS) porous membrane with a rough concave topographic feature was fabricated, which exhibited excellent superoleophilicity and under-oil superhydrophobicity. The membrane is capable of separating both surfactant-free and surfactant-stabilized emulsions with a high flux. All of the water contents of the treated oils were below 300 ppm. The excellent water resistance property and cycling performance support the PPS membrane displaying an excellent reusability. Additionally, this PPS membrane was also certified to be used in strong solvents for a long time. In conclusion, the successful application of the thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method may provide a new approach to fabricate the PPS membrane and improve its properties, and the application of the PPS membrane to separate water-in-oil emulsions is promising in practical applications.

[F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope for the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the practicability and safety of the F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope in the diagnosis and treatment of hematospermia. METHODS: This study included 12 cases of refractory hematospermia accompanied by perineal or lower abdominal pain and discomfort. All the patients failed to respond to two months of systemic anti-inflammatory medication and local physiotherapy. Seminal vesicle tumor and tuberculosis were excluded preoperatively by rectal seminal vesicle ultrasonography, MRI or CT. Under epidural anesthesia, microscopic examination was performed with the F4.8 miniature nephroscope through the urethra and ejaculatory duct orifice into the seminal vesicle cavity, the blood clots washed out with normal saline, the seminal vesicle stones extracted by holmium laser lithotripsy and with the reticular basket, the seminal vesicle polyps removed by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the seminal vesicle cavity rinsed with diluted iodophor after operation. RESULTS: Of the 10 patients subjected to bilateral seminal vesiculoscopy, 3 with unilateral and 2 with bilateral seminal vesicle stones were treated by holmium laser lithotripsy, saline flushing and reticular-basket removal, 2 with seminal vesicle polyps by holmium laser ablation and vaporization, and the other 3 with blood clots in the seminal vesicle cavity by saline flushing for complete clearance. The 2 patients subjected to unilateral seminal vesiculoscopy both received flushing of the seminal vesicle cavity for clearance of the blood clots. The operations lasted 10－55 (25 ± 6) minutes. There were no such intra- or post-operative complications as rectal injury, peripheral organ injury, and external urethral sphincter injury. The urethral catheter was removed at 24 hours, anti-infection medication withdrawn at 72 hours, and regular sex achieved at 2 weeks postoperatively. The patients were followed up for 6－20 (7 ± 2.3) months, during which hematospermia and related symptoms disappeared in 10 cases at 3 months and recurrence was observed in the other 2 at 4 months after surgery but improved after antibiotic medication. CONCLUSIONS: The F4.8 visual miniature nephroscope can be applied to the examination of the seminal vesicle cavity and treatment of seminal vesicle stones and polyps, with the advantages of minimal invasiveness, safety and reliability.

Effects of visual standard channel combined with visual superfine precision puncture channel or super-mini channel percutaneous nephrolithotomy on multiple renal calculi.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the therapeutic effects of visual standard channel combined with visual superfine precision puncture channel or super-mini percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) on multiple renal calculi. METHODS: A total of 86 patients with multiple renal calculi were retrospectively analyzed. According to different working channels, they were divided into a visual puncture channel group (visual puncture standard channel combined with visual superfine precision puncture channel, n=38) and a conventional puncture channel group (standard channel combined with super-mini channel, n=48). The two groups were compared in terms of time of channel establishment, surgical time, reduction of hemoglobin, phase I clearance rate of calculi, and surgical complications. RESULTS: The time of establishing visual/conventional standard channel was (4.5±1.5) min vs. (6.8±1.8) minutes (t=6.326, P=0.000), and the time of establishing visible superfine/super-mini channel was (4.52±0.97) minutes vs. (7.76±1.35) minutes (t=2.017, P=0.000). The surgical time was (92±15) minutes vs. (115±13) minutes (t=26.640, P=0.000). The Phase-I clearance rate was 86.7% (33/38) vs. 87.5% (42/48) (χ2=0.008, P=0.928), the reduction of hemoglobin was (12.21±2.5) g/L vs. (13.22±3.5) g/L (t=2.017, P=0.137), the blood transfusion rate was 13.16 (5/38) vs. 8.33% (4/48) (χ2=0.006, P=0.941), the postoperative fever rate was 7.89% (3/38) vs. 14.58 (7/48) (χ2=0.006, P=0.941), and the hospitalization stay length was (6.5±1.0) vs. (6.6±1.2) (t=0.413, P=0.681). There were no significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Both surgical approaches had high clearance rates of multiple renal calculi, safety, reliability and few complications. However, compared with the conventional puncture channel, the visual one was easy to operate and dramatically shortened the time of establishment, thus being safer and more accurate.