RESUMO
Expansion of CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes is common in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients. Its ability to produce high levels of proinflammatory cytokines is probably the key role of these cells in CHF. IL-10 is a candidate for limiting CD4+CD28null T-lymphocyte responses, whereas tumour necrosis factor (TNF) is the cytokine most closely involved in the loss of CD28 expression. Serum levels of TNF and IL-10 were measured in 65 CHF patients (mean age, 65.2 ± 13.84 years). Patients with an IL-10/TNF ratio ≥1 had significantly lower levels of CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes than those with a ratio <1. In vitro, IL-10 reduced the frequency of proliferative CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes stimulated with anti-CD3. Pre-treatment with IL-10 before anti-CD3 stimulation was required for the cytokine to inhibit TNF production by CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes. In addition to the previously described effect of IL-10 on HLA-DR and ICAM-1 expression, LFA-3 protein and mRNA levels were reduced in the presence of the cytokine in monocytes. IL-10 inhibition on CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes may be mediated by a reduction in HLA class II and LFA-3 expression because blocking interactions with these costimulators has similar effects to those of IL-10 treatment. Moreover, costimulation through CD2/LFA-3 interaction is enough to induce proliferation and cytokine production in CD4+CD28null T-lymphocytes.
RESUMO
BACKGROUND: The current incidence and outcomes of structural transcatheter procedures in heart transplant (HTx) recipients and left-ventricular assist devices (LVAD) carriers is unknown. AIMS: To provide insights on structural transcatheter procedures performed across HTx and LVAD patients in Spain. METHODS: Multicenter, ambispective, observational nationwide registry. RESULTS: Until May/2023, 36 percutaneous structural interventions were performed (78% for HTx and 22% for LVAD) widely varying among centers (0%-1.4% and 0%-25%, respectively). Percutaneous mitral transcatheter edge-to-edge (TEER) was the most common (n = 12, 33.3%), followed by trancatheter aortic valve replacement (n = 11, 30.5%), and tricuspid procedures (n = 9, 25%). Mitral TEER resulted in mild residual mitral regurgitation in all but one case, mean gradient was <5 mmHg in 75% of them at 1-year, with no mortality and 8.3% re-admission rate. Tricuspid TEER resulted in 100% none/mild residual regurgitation with a 1-year mortality and readmission rates of 22% and 28.5%, respectively. Finally, trancatheter aortic valve replacement procedures (n = 8 in LVADs due to aortic regurgitation and n = 3 in HTx), were successful in all cases with one prosthesis degeneration leading to severe aortic regurgitation at 1-year, 18.2% mortality rate and no re-admissions. Globally, major bleeding rates were 7.9% and 12.5%, thromboembolic events 3.7% and 12.5%, readmissions 37% and 25%, and mortality 22% and 25%, in HTx and LVADs respectively. No death was related to the implanted transcatheter device. CONCLUSIONS: Most centers with HTx/LVAD programs perform structural percutaneous procedures but with very inconsistent incidence. They were associated with good safety and efficacy, but larger studies are required to provide formal recommendations.
RESUMO
INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: The multiparametric implantable cardioverter-defibrillator HeartLogic index has proven to be a sensitive and timely predictor of impending heart failure (HF) decompensation. We evaluated the impact of a standardized follow-up protocol implemented by nursing staff and based on remote management of alerts. METHODS: The algorithm was activated in HF patients at 19 Spanish centers. Transmitted data were analyzed remotely, and patients were contacted by telephone if alerts were issued. Clinical actions were implemented remotely or through outpatient visits. The primary endpoint consisted of HF hospitalizations or death. Secondary endpoints were HF outpatient visits. We compared the 12-month periods before and after the adoption of the protocol. RESULTS: We analyzed 392 patients (aged 69±10 years, 76% male, 50% ischemic cardiomyopathy) with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (20%) or cardiac resynchronization therapy defibrillators (80%). The primary endpoint occurred 151 times in 86 (22%) patients during the 12 months before the adoption of the protocol, and 69 times in 45 (11%) patients (P<.001) during the 12 months after its adoption. The mean number of hospitalizations per patient was 0.39±0.89 pre- and 0.18±0.57 postadoption (P<.001). There were 185 outpatient visits for HF in 96 (24%) patients before adoption and 64 in 48 (12%) patients after adoption (P<.001). The mean number of visits per patient was 0.47±1.11 pre- and 0.16±0.51 postadoption (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS: A standardized follow-up protocol based on remote management of HeartLogic alerts enabled effective remote management of HF patients. After its adoption, we observed a significant reduction in HF hospitalizations and outpatient visits.
RESUMO
La insuficiencia cardíaca es un problema de salud creciente debido al envejecimiento de la población y a la mejoría en el pronóstico de los pacientes con cardiopatía establecida. En los últimos años, han ido apareciendo nuevos tratamientos que intentan mejorar la situación clínica, la calidad de vida y la supervivencia de aquellos pacientes que desarrollan refractariedad a los diuréticos. El empleo de estos nuevos fármacos podría tener un impacto positivo en las situaciones agudas, pero no parece que aporten beneficios adicionales para los enfermos con insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva crónica. En estos casos, las técnicas de ultrafiltración extracorpórea y, sobre todo, la diálisis peritoneal parecen demostrar mejoría de la clase funcional, reducción en las tasas de hospitalización, mejoría en la calidad de vida y reducción de la mortalidad, siendo además coste-eficiente.
Heart failure is an increasing health problem due to the aging population and the improvement in the prognosis of patients with established heart disease. In recent years new treatments have emerged that seek to improve the clinical situation, the quality of life and survival of patients who develop refractoriness to diuretics. The use of these new drugs could have a positive impact on the acute but it would not provide additional benefits for patients with chronic congestive heart failure. In these cases, extracorporeal ultrafiltration techniques and especially peritoneal dialysis seem to show improvement in functional class, reduction in hospitalization rates, improved quality of life and reduction in mortality, besides being cost-efficient.
A insuficiência cardíaca é um problema crescente de saúde devido ao envelhecimento da população e a melhora do prognóstico dos pacientes com doença cardíaca estabelecida. Nos últimos anos, novos tratamentos surgiram que procuram melhorar a situação clínica, a qualidade de vida e sobrevida dos pacientes que desenvolvem refratariedade ao uso de diuréticos. O uso desses novos fármacos poderia ter um impacto positivo sobre os efeitos agudos, mas não oferecem benefícios adicionais para os pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva crônica. Nestes casos, as técnicas de ultrafiltração extracorpórea e, especialmente, a diálise peritoneal parecem mostrar melhoria da classe funcional, redução das taxas de hospitalização, melhoria da qualidade de vida e a redução da mortalidade, e tambémé custo-eficiente.
RESUMO
Introducción. La insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) es una patología progresiva incluso con tratamiento adecuado. La eliminación de líquido ayuda en el manejo de estos pacientes. Evaluamos la eficacia de la diálisis peritoneal (DP) para tratar la IC refractaria. Pacientes y métodos. Estudio prospectivo no randomizado en pacientes con IC refractaria a dosis máximas toleradas de fármacos. Todos fueron tratados con DP. Se analizaron datos clínicos y estado funcional. Para determinar su eficacia se comparó el estado de salud percibido en los pacientes con DP respecto a los reportes de aquéllos que utilizaban tratamientos conservadores. Finalmente, se realizó un estudio de coste-utilidad. Resultados. Fueron incluidos 25 pacientes (68% varones, 66±10 años) y 16 siguieron en DP a la finalización del período de seguimiento (20±9 meses). Realizaron un solo intercambio nocturno 21 pacientes; el resto 2 ó 3 en relación al grado de insuficiencia renal. Todos mejoraron su estado funcional (4% tres grados, 64% dos y 32% uno; P<0,001); se redujo la presión sistólica en la arteria pulmonar (46±12 vs 25±9 mm Hg; P=0,007). Las tasas de hospitalización disminuyeron de forma importante (de 65±16 a 9±5 días/paciente/año; P=0,002). La expectativa de vida fue del 84% al año de tratamiento y del 72% y 58% tras 18 y 24 meses, respectivamente. La DP se asoció a mejor percepción del estado de salud que los tratamientos conservadores (0,6978 vs 0,4104; P<0,01). La DP es coste-efectiva comparada con los regímenes diuréticos. Conclusiones. La DP es una buena opción para el manejo del paciente con IC refractaria; mejora el grado funcional y la calidad de vida y reduce la hospitalización, mortalidad y los costes sanitarios.
Background. Heart failure (HF) is a progressive disorder even with adequate treatment. Fluid removal may aid in the management of these patients. We evaluated the efficacy of peritoneal dialysis (PD) in the treatment of refractory HF. Patients and methods. Prospective, non-randomized study involving patients with congestive HF refractory to maximum tolerable drug treatment. All of them were treated with PD. We analysed clinical data and functional status. To determine efficacy we compared the perceived state of health to PD patients respect to those reported with conservative therapies. Finally, we carried out a cost-utility evaluation. Results. Twenty-five patients (68% men, 66±10 years) were included and 16 were still undergoing PD at the end of the follow-up period (20±9 months). Twenty-one patients underwent only one daily nocturnal exchange; the rest, 2 or 3 exchanges due to different degrees of renal failure. All of them improved their NYHA functional status, (4% three classes, 64% two, 32% one; P<0.001), with a reduction in their pulmonary artery systolic pressure (46±12 vs 25±9 mm Hg; P=0.007). Hospitalization rates underwent a dramatic reduction (from 65±16 to 9±5 days/patient/year; P=0.002). PD life expectancy was 84% after 12 months of treatment, and 72% and 58% after 18 and 24 months. PD was associated with a higher perception state of health than the conservative therapy, (0.6978 vs 0.4104; P<0.01). PD is cost-effective compared with the diuretic regimens. Conclusions. PD is a good option for patients with refractory HF; it improves the functional status and quality of life, reduces morbidity, mortality and health care costs.
Introdução. A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma patologia progressiva, mesmo com tratamento adequado. A remoção do líquido pode auxiliar no tratamento desses pacientes. Nós avaliamos a eficácia da diálise peritoneal (PD) no tratamento da insuficiência cardíaca refratária. Pacientes e métodos. Estudo prospectivo, não randomizado envolvendo pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca congestiva refratária ao tratamento medicamentoso máximo tolerado. Todos foram tratados com DP. Nós analisamos dados clínicos e estado funcional. Nós determinamos a eficácia, comparando o estado de saúde em PD em comparação com relação aos relatados com tratamento conservador. Finalmente, foi realizada uma avaliação de custo-utilidade. Resultados. Foram incluídos 25 pacientes (68% homens, 66±10 anos) e 16 estavam ainda em fase de PD no final do período de follow-up (20±9 meses). Vinte e um pacientes foram submetidos a apenas uma troca diária noturna, o resto, as trocas de 2 ou 3 devido a diferentes graus de insuficiência renal. Todos melhoraram seu status funcional da NYHA (4% três graus, 64% dois y 32% um; P<0,001); com uma redução da sua pressão sistólica da artéria pulmonar (46±12 vs 25±9 mm Hg; P=0,007). As taxas de hospitalização decresceram significativamente (de 65±16 a 9±5 dias/paciente/ano; P=0,002). A expectativa de vida era de 84% por ano de tratamento e 72% e 58% após 18 e 24 meses, respectivamente. PD foi associada com um estado de maior percepção de saúde do que o tratamento conservador (0,6978 vs. 0,4104; P<0,01). O DP é custo-utilidade em comparação com os regimes de diuréticos. Conclusàµes. O DP é uma boa opção para o manejo de pacientes com IC refratária, que melhora o estado funcional e qualidade de vida, reduz a internação, mortalidade e custos de saúde.