Coronavirus immunisation abroad among foreign-born persons in Norway. / Koronavaksinering i utlandet blant utenlandsfødte.

BACKGROUND: The Norwegian Institute of Public Health's statistics on immunisation against SARS-CoV-2 show that vaccination coverage for foreign-born persons living in Norway is lower than for persons born in Norway. As of January 2022, the difference was 18 percentage points (76 % versus 94 %). This difference is likely to be due to several factors, one of which may be that many of those who were immunised abroad have not had this registered in the Norwegian Immunisation Registry. MATERIAL AND METHOD: In November 2021, the Norwegian Institute of Public Health conducted a public health survey in the county of Viken. Respondents were asked if they had been vaccinated against the coronavirus, if they were vaccinated in Norway or abroad, and if immunisation abroad had been reported to the Norwegian health service. They were also asked to specify their country of birth. The sample was drawn from the National Population Register. The survey was conducted online and the response rate was 41 % (n = 108 738). RESULTS: A total of 105 010 (97 %) of the respondents had had at least one dose of the coronavirus vaccine. Of these, 724 (<1 %) had only been vaccinated abroad. This applied to 392 (3 %) of the 13 286 foreign-born persons, 203 (52 %) of whom had reported their immunisation to the Norwegian health service. INTERPRETATION: In this dataset, unregistered immunisation abroad explains only a small proportion of the difference in vaccination coverage between Norwegian-born and foreign-born persons.

High overall confidence in childhood vaccination in Norway, slightly lower among the unemployed and those with a lower level of education.

In Norway, childhood immunisation is offered on voluntary basis, free of charge and is delivered through trained nurses at > 650 child health centres and school health services. Maintaining high confidence in the vaccination programme is key to sustaining high vaccine uptake. We aimed to investigate confidence in childhood vaccination in the general population and to identify determinants for lower confidence. In 2017 and 2018, Statistics Norway asked questions on confidence in childhood vaccination (to all respondents) and children's vaccination history (to parents) in their routine cross-sectional survey. Respondents reported their level of agreement on a five-point Likert scale. Using a weighted analysis we calculated proportions agreeing [95% confidence interval] by respondent characteristics. Overall, 2169 individuals participated (54% response). 95.8% [94.8-96.7] answered that vaccination is important, 93.4% [92.2-94.4] thought that vaccines are safe, 96.0% [95.0-96.8] thought that vaccines are effective and for 93.4% [92.2-94.4] vaccination was compatible with their basic values. Those with lower level of education expressed lower confidence in vaccination due to conflict with their basic values (88.2% [84.7-91.0] answered positively). Those unemployed expressed lower confidence due to conflict with their basic values (81.9% [71.8-88.9]) and because of concerns about vaccines' safety (83.5% [73.7-90.1]). 96.3% [94.3-97.6] of parents (n = 580) had their children fully vaccinated, despite that one fifth answered that they at least once have had doubts on whether or not to vaccinate their children. There is high confidence in childhood vaccination in Norway. Those with a lower level of education and the unemployed reported comparatively lower confidence. To maintain high confidence in childhood vaccination, we recommend maintaining the well-informed system with easily accessible vaccinations. Furthermore, we recommend maintaining surveillance of vaccine confidence, supplemented with targeted studies on subgroups who are less confident, express doubts and/or oppose vaccination. Those studies should inform communication strategies tailored to subgroups.