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OBJECTIVE: Studies suggest that men who undergo assisted reproductive technologies (ART) may have a higher risk of cardiovascular disease; however, limited data on this matter is available. This observational pilot study aimed to investigate the overall vascular health of fathers with history of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) compared to fathers whose partners conceived spontaneously. METHODS: Diet quality, physical activity, sedentary behavior as well as overall vascular function including the assessment of pulse wave analysis, intima-media thickness (cIMT), arterial stiffness of the common carotid artery (CCA) and blood lipids, were evaluated. RESULTS: A total of 34 fathers with history of ICSI and 29 controls (48.49 [46.32 - 57.09] years vs. 47.19 [40.62 - 55.18] years, p = 0.061) were included. After adjusting for age, no significantly increased cardiovascular risk was detected regarding vascular function. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest an unaltered cardiovascular risk profile in fathers with history of ICSI. In the future, prospective multicenter studies are required to validate these preliminary results.
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Doenças Cardiovasculares , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Pai , Injeções de Esperma Intracitoplásmicas , Humanos , Masculino , Projetos Piloto , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Adulto , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Análise de Onda de Pulso , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Exercício Físico/fisiologia , Estudos de Casos e ControlesRESUMO
Increased aortic stiffness predisposes cardiac afterload and influences cardiac function. Congenital heart diseases involving aortic arch malformation and extended cardiovascular surgery, i.e. univentricular heart diseases, can lead to increased aortic stiffness. This study aimed to investigate whether Fontan patients (FO) have increased aortic stiffness within distinct aortic segments, and whether these parameters relate to Fontan-specific haemodynamics. In a prospective case-control study, 20 FO and 49 heart-transplanted control subjects with biventricular circulation underwent invasive cardiac catheterisation. We invasively measured pulse wave velocity (PWV) in the ascending aorta and along the entire aorta. Haemodynamic parameters, including end-diastolic pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, the cardiac index and systemic vascular resistance index were also assessed. FO exhibited significantly higher ascending aorta PWV (aPWV) than controls (FO: 7.2 ± 2.4 m/s|Controls: 4.9 ± 0.7 m/s, p < 0.001) and compared to the inner group central aorta PWV (cPWV; FO: 5.5 ± 1.2 m/s|Controls: 5.3 ± 1.0 m/s). Multivariate analysis confirmed this aPWV elevation in FO even after adjusting for age and BMI. aPWV and cPWV were almost identical within the control group. Correlation analyses revealed associations between cPWV and blood pressure in controls, while correlations were less apparent in FO. We detected no significant association between the aPWV and other haemodynamic parameters in any of our groups. FO exhibit increased aPWV, indicating specific vascular stiffness in the ascending aorta, while their overall aortic stiffness remains comparable to controls. Further research is needed to understand the implications of these findings on Fontan circulation and long-term cardiovascular health. CENTRAL MESSAGE: Fontan patients show increased aortic arch pulse wave velocity, suggesting specific vascular stiffness. PERSPECTIVE STATEMENT: Our study offers rare insights into pulse wave velocity in Fontan patients, highlighting increased arterial stiffness in the aortic arch. Vascular stiffness was particularly increased in the area of surgical reconstruction. This indicates the need for further research on vascular stiffness in Fontan circulation to understand its impact on cardiovascular health. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German clinical trial registration, DRKS00015066.
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BACKGROUND: Pulmonary vascular disease (PVD) affects the majority of preterm neonates with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and significantly determines long-term mortality through undetected progression into pulmonary hypertension. Our objectives were to associate characteristics of pulmonary artery (PA) flow and cardiac function with BPD-associated PVD near term using advanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for improved risk stratification. METHODS: Preterms <32â weeks postmenstrual age (PMA) with/without BPD were clinically monitored including standard echocardiography and prospectively enrolled for 3â T MRI in spontaneous sleep near term (AIRR (Attention to Infants at Respiratory Risks) study). Semi-manual PA flow quantification (phase-contrast MRI; no BPD n=28, mild BPD n=35 and moderate/severe BPD n=25) was complemented by cardiac function assessment (cine MRI). RESULTS: We identified abnormalities in PA flow and cardiac function, i.e. increased net forward volume right/left ratio, decreased mean relative area change and pathological right end-diastolic volume, to sensitively detect BPD-associated PVD while correcting for PMA (leave-one-out area under the curve 0.88, sensitivity 0.80 and specificity 0.81). We linked these changes to increased right ventricular (RV) afterload (RV-arterial coupling (p=0.02), PA mid-systolic notching (t2; p=0.015) and cardiac index (p=1.67×10-8)) and correlated echocardiographic findings. Identified in moderate/severe BPD, we successfully applied the PA flow model in heterogeneous mild BPD cases, demonstrating strong correlation of PVD probability with indicators of BPD severity, i.e. duration of mechanical ventilation (rs=0.63, p=2.20×10-4) and oxygen supplementation (rs=0.60, p=6.00×10-4). CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in MRI PA flow and cardiac function exhibit significant, synergistic potential to detect BPD-associated PVD, advancing the possibilities of risk-adapted monitoring.
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Displasia Broncopulmonar , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Doenças Vasculares , Recém-Nascido , Lactente , Humanos , Artéria Pulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Pulmão/diagnóstico por imagem , Displasia Broncopulmonar/diagnóstico por imagem , Imageamento por Ressonância Magnética , Doenças Vasculares/complicaçõesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Energy drinks (EDs) are popular beverages among minors. To date, clinical studies investigating ED-induced effects on the pediatric cardiovascular system are sparse. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single, bodyweight-adjusted ED dosage on 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in healthy children and adolescents. METHODS: This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants received a single, bodyweight-adjusted ED amount or a placebo drink on 2 consecutive days at similar morning hours. Twenty-four-hour ABPM was assessed via an automated oscillometric blood pressure device after beverage consumption on both study days. RESULTS: A total of 17 healthy children and teenagers (13.90 (12.29-17.89) years) were included in the final analysis. The ED consumption led, compared to the placebo intake, to a significantly higher 24-h systolic (115.90 (110.22-118.04) vs. 110.64 (108.09-115.45) mmHg, p = 0.013) and diastolic blood pressure (66.08 (64.20-68.32) vs. 62.63 (61.40-66.46) mmHg, p = 0.005). CONCLUSIONS: The single, bodyweight-adjusted ED consumption is linked with a significantly higher systolic as well as diastolic 24-h blood pressure in healthy children and adolescents. Minors, particularly those with an increased cardiovascular morbidity, should be discouraged from drinking EDs. IMPACT: Energy drinks (EDs) are consumed by many children and teenagers. While adverse cardiovascular events after ED consumption were reported in the literature, the effects of these beverages on the pediatric 24-h blood pressure profile have not been systematically evaluated yet. In our manuscript, we demonstrate for the first time that acute ED consumption is associated with a significantly higher 24-h systolic blood pressure and diastolic blood pressure in healthy minors.
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Sistema Cardiovascular , Bebidas Energéticas , Adolescente , Humanos , Criança , Bebidas Energéticas/efeitos adversos , Monitorização Ambulatorial da Pressão Arterial , Método Simples-Cego , Pressão Sanguínea , Peso CorporalRESUMO
Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is important in the noninvasive echocardiographic assessment of right heart function. This retrospective observational study shows correlations of TAPSE with invasive right heart catheterization parameters after pediatric heart transplantation (HTx). The study included patients after pediatric HTx with cardiac catheterizations in 2018/2019 and measurement of TAPSE (n = 52 patients with 57 examinations; 50.9% adults, 52.6% female, median age: 18.54 years). TAPSE was compared with normal values. Stepwise, linear and multiple regression were used to show influencing variables on TAPSE. Mean TAPSE z-score was -3.48 (SD: 2.25) and 68.4% of HTx-recipients showed abnormally reduced TAPSE (z-score â2) compared to normal values. Multiple regression (p-value <0.001; corrected R2 = 0.338) showed significant correlations of time since HTx (p-value <0.001) and mPAP (p-value: 0.008) with TAPSE z-scores. Divided into subgroups (time since HTx <10 and ≥10 years), TAPSE and mPAP correlated only ≥10 years after HTx (p-value = 0.002). This study provides data of TAPSE even ≥10 years after pediatric HTx. Most patients showed a decreased TAPSE early after HTx, which improved over time. TAPSE z-scores correlated significantly with time since HTx and mPAP, especially ≥10 years post-HTx. Therefore, TAPSE must be used carefully in the early follow-up.
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Transplante de Coração , Hipertensão Pulmonar , Adulto , Humanos , Criança , Feminino , Adolescente , Masculino , Artéria Pulmonar , Ecocardiografia , Estudos Retrospectivos , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Função Ventricular Direita , Volume SistólicoRESUMO
AIMS: Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis with possible long-term impact of general cardio-vascular health. An endothelial glycocalyx disorder during the disease's acute phase might predispose to long-term vascular anomalies leading to endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis. To investigate any association between increased cardiovascular risk and endothelial glycocalyx, we assessed circulating glycocalyx components in patients with a KD history, and analysed their association with acute-phase clinical features and more importantly, with patients' current cardiovascular risk factors. METHODS: This prospective observational cohort study included 51 subjects: 31 patients with a history of KD, and 20 healthy subjects matched for age and sex. We analysed serum syndecan-1 and hyaluronan via ELISA. We assessed features reported during the acute phase of KD such as blood counts, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and coronary artery aneurysms (CAA), and their current blood pressure and lipid markers in relation to measured glycocalyx components. RESULTS: Our multivariate analysis revealed that hyaluronan and syndecan-1 levels were not associated with KD. However, the latter exhibited a significant association with acute-phase blood count alterations in patients with KD. Furthermore, significant interactions of hyaluronan and syndecan-1 with certain cardiovascular risk factors like blood lipids and blood pressure were only present in KD patients. CONCLUSION: Vasculitis during KD's acute phase might predispose to a long-term endothelial glycocalyx alteration, influenced by other factors having a vascular impact such as blood pressure and circulating lipids. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German Clinical Trials Register on 25th February 2016, DRKS00010071 https://www.drks.de/drks_web/.
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Aneurisma Coronário/sangue , Células Endoteliais/metabolismo , Glicocálix/metabolismo , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/sangue , Sindecana-1/sangue , Adolescente , Biomarcadores/sangue , Pressão Sanguínea , Criança , Aneurisma Coronário/diagnóstico , Aneurisma Coronário/epidemiologia , Células Endoteliais/patologia , Feminino , Glicocálix/patologia , Fatores de Risco de Doenças Cardíacas , Humanos , Ácido Hialurônico/sangue , Incidência , Lipídeos/sangue , Masculino , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/diagnóstico , Síndrome de Linfonodos Mucocutâneos/epidemiologia , Valor Preditivo dos Testes , Prognóstico , Estudos Prospectivos , Medição de Risco , Adulto JovemRESUMO
An increasing number of children are conceived by assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Several studies indicated vascular alterations in ART children. However, limited data is available within the adult ART population. Therefore, this study investigated the overall vascular health of young ART adults in comparison to spontaneously conceived peers. In total, 16 ART subjects and 22 spontaneously conceived peers (22.06 ± 2.21 years vs. 22.00 ± 2.14 years, p = 0.194) were enrolled for the assessment of endothelial function, brachial blood pressure, central blood pressure, pulse wave velocity, carotid intima-media thickness, and blood lipids. No significant differences in vascular function were detected between the in vitro fertilization subgroup (n = 9), the intracytoplasmic sperm injection subgroup (n = 7) and spontaneously conceived peers. This pilot study suggests an unimpaired vascular function in young ART adults. In the future, multi-centric studies with a greater sample size are required to confirm the results of the current study and enable precise cardiovascular risk stratification of the adult ART population.
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Background: Minors are considered the main consumer group of energy drinks (EDs). The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of ED consumption on left ventricular (LV) hemodynamics and efficiency in healthy children and teenagers. Methods: This study was a randomized, single-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover clinical trial. Study participants consumed a weight-adjusted amount of an ED or a placebo on two consecutive days. LV hemodynamics and efficiency parameters were evaluated non-invasively by generating LV pressure−volume loops (PVLs) through simultaneous echocardiography and blood pressure measurement. Results: A total of 24 children and teenagers (14.90 ± 2.27 years, 13 male) were included in the present study. Conventional echocardiographic parameters of LV function did not show significant differences between both beverage groups. The non-invasive generation of LV PVLs revealed a significantly lower cardiac efficiency 240 min after the ED consumption compared to the placebo intake (140.72 (133.21−149.73) mmHg vs. 135.60 (124.78−140.33) mmHg, p < 0.01). Conclusions: Acute ED consumption is associated with a significantly lower cardiac efficiency in healthy minors. The generation of non-invasive LV PVLs might be beneficial in the assessment of subtle changes in LV efficiency. Further studies need to investigate the influence of chronic ED consumption on LV function and morphology.
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Bebidas Energéticas , Adolescente , Criança , Ventrículos do Coração , Hemodinâmica , Humanos , Masculino , Método Simples-Cego , Função Ventricular Esquerda/fisiologiaRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) and nephrotoxicity affect long-term survival after heart transplantation (HTX). Studies, mostly conducted in adults, showed a positive effect of everolimus (EVL) on these problems. We describe the effects of conversion of the immunosuppressive therapy to an everolimus including regime on CAV, renal function, and safety in heart transplanted children/adolescents. METHODS: This retrospective single-center study included 36 participants (mean time after HTX 6.3 ± 4.7 years). Descriptive pre/post-comparisons were performed with an observation period partially up to 4 years. Impact on CAV was assessed based on intravascular imaging and Stanford grading. Safety analysis included cytomegalovirus (CMV)-infection and acute rejection. RESULTS: In terms of CAV (9 out of 36 patients) four showed no progression, three an improvement, one a worsening; one new diagnosis. The average CrCl showed a significant improvement 6, 12, and 24 months after conversion regarding all patients (n = 29). There was no acute rejection or CMV-infection. CONCLUSION: Conversion to an EVL-based therapy after pediatric HTX is a safe immunosuppressive regime without increasing risk of acute rejection or CMV-infection. There was some evidence of reduction in progression of CAV and a significant improvement of the renal function.
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Everolimo , Transplante de Coração , Adolescente , Adulto , Aloenxertos , Criança , Everolimo/uso terapêutico , Rejeição de Enxerto/tratamento farmacológico , Rejeição de Enxerto/etiologia , Rejeição de Enxerto/prevenção & controle , Transplante de Coração/efeitos adversos , Humanos , Imunossupressores/uso terapêutico , Estudos RetrospectivosRESUMO
Reduced adherence after heart transplantation increases the risk for acute rejection. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the patient's satisfaction with outpatient care and quality of life (QOL) after pediatric and adult heart transplantation. Observational study after pediatric (n = 22) and adult (n = 65) heart transplantation and the parents of the pediatric patients (n = 22) to evaluate the patients' satisfaction with outpatient care and QOL. Established standardized questionnaires were used for patient satisfaction (ZAP survey) and QOL (SF36); the latter was compared with the cohort of the BGS98 survey (BGS98 cohort). ZAP score: excellent results with almost all values >80. QOL: pediatric cohort showed significantly higher values in physical functioning (P = 0.041) and role physical (P = 0.003) but significantly lower values in the sub-scale general health (P = 0.02) compared to adult cohort. In comparison with BGS98 cohort, children showed almost similar results, whereas adult cohort showed worse values in physical and emotional functioning, but higher values regarding general health. The QOL of patients after pediatric heart transplantation is comparable to a standardized reference population in Germany, whereas adult patients show reduced physical and emotional functioning, but better values regarding general health. The patients' satisfaction with the outpatient care is very high.
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Transplante de Coração , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto , Assistência Ambulatorial , Criança , Humanos , Satisfação do Paciente , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The aim of the current study is to measure long-term executive function, motor outcome, and QoL in children, adolescents, and young adults after VAD and Htx. METHODS: Patients were examined during routine follow-up. Investigation tools were used as follows: Examination for MND of motor outcomes, Epitrack® for attention and executive functioning, and Kidscreen-52 and EQ-5D-5L questionnaires for QoL. Additional data were retrospectively obtained by an analysis of patient medical records. RESULTS: Out of 145 heart transplant recipients at the department of pediatric cardiology of the University Hospital Munich, 39 were implanted with a VAD between 1992 and 2016. Seventeen (43.6%) patients died before or after Htx; 22 (56.4%) patients were included in our study. Mean age at transplant was 9.52 years (range: 0.58-24.39 years, median 9), and the mean follow-up time after Htx was 6.18 years (range: 0.05-14.60 years, median 5.82). MND examination could be performed in 13 patients (normal MND: n = 11, simple MND: n = 1, complex MND: n = 1). Executive functioning was tested in 15 patients. Two (13.3%) patients had good results, six (40%) average results, three (20%) borderline results, and four (26.7%) impaired results. QoL (Kidscreen n = 7, EQ-5D-5L n = 8) was similar to a healthy German population. CONCLUSION: Motor outcome, executive functioning and QoL in survivors of VAD bridging therapy and Htx can be good, though underlying diseases and therapies are associated with a high risk of cerebral ischemic or hemorrhagic complications.
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Função Executiva , Transplante de Coração , Coração Auxiliar , Destreza Motora , Qualidade de Vida , Adolescente , Atenção , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Seguimentos , Indicadores Básicos de Saúde , Humanos , Lactente , Masculino , Testes Neuropsicológicos , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Estudos Retrospectivos , Adulto JovemRESUMO
The goal of the study was to compare the early postoperative course after fenestrated lateral atrial tunnel (LT) and non-fenestrated extracardiac conduit (EC) Fontan operation (FO) in a single center where both techniques were parallelly used. Between 2004 and 2012, 56(32.7%) children underwent LT and 113(66.1%) EC FO. The mean age was 3.7 ± 2.9 years and mean weight was 14.6 ± 7.3 kg. The most common malformation was hypoplastic left heart syndrome (50.9%). The general approach was to perform LT in children after hemi-Fontan operation and EC in patients after Glenn anastomosis. Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. The hospital survival was 100%. In EC group, cardiopulmonary bypass time (CPB) was shorter (p = 0.004) and less patients needed aortic cross-clamping (p < 0.001). Children after EC stayed longer in the hospital (p = 0.016) and manifested more often prolonged effusions (p = 0.038). The incidence of all forms of junctional rhythm was higher in the LT group, early postoperatively (p < 0.001), during hospitalization (p = 0.004) and at discharge (p < 0.001). Children after LT required more often temporary pacemaker stimulation (p < 0.001). Patients without postoperative normofrequent sinus rhythm had longer CPB time (p = 0.008) and were more often operated on with aortic cross-clamping (p = 0.028). Lateral atrial tunnel Fontan operation with fenestration facilitates early adaptation to the total passive pulmonary flow, but predisposes the patients to the loss of sinus rhythm. The crucial role in the preservation of sinus rhythm plays the last step of the multistage surgery of the single ventricle malformations, probably not only the surgical technique but also factors associated with the cardiopulmonary bypass.
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Arritmias Cardíacas/etiologia , Técnica de Fontan/efeitos adversos , Átrios do Coração/cirurgia , Cardiopatias Congênitas/cirurgia , Arritmias Cardíacas/diagnóstico , Procedimentos Cirúrgicos Cardíacos , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Suscetibilidade a Doenças , Eletrocardiografia , Técnica de Fontan/métodos , Humanos , Síndrome do Coração Esquerdo Hipoplásico/cirurgia , LactenteRESUMO
Low cardiorespiratory fitness is associated with higher cardiovascular risk, whereas high levels of cardiorespiratory fitness protect the cardiovascular system. Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial distensibility are well-established parameters to identify subclinical cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this study investigated the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness and muscular strength on carotid intima-media thickness and arterial distensibility in 697 children and adolescents (376 girls), aged 7-17 years. Cardiorespiratory fitness and strength were measured with the test battery FITNESSGRAM; carotid intima-media thickness, arterial compliance, elastic modulus, stiffness index ß, and pulse wave velocity ß were assessed by B- and M-mode ultrasound at the common carotid artery. In bivariate correlation, cardiorespiratory fitness was significantly associated with all cardiovascular parameters and was an independent predictor in multivariate regression analysis. No significant associations were obtained for muscular strength. In a one-way variance analysis, very fit boys and girls (58 boys and 74 girls>80th percentile for cardiorespiratory fitness) had significantly decreased stiffness parameters (expressed in standard deviation scores) compared with low fit subjects (71 boys and 77 girls<20th percentile for cardiorespiratory fitness): elastic modulus -0.16±1.02 versus 0.19±1.17, p=0.009; stiffness index ß -0.15±1.08 versus 0.16±1.1, p=0.03; and pulse wave velocity ß -0.19±1.02 versus 0.19±1.14, p=0.005. Cardiorespiratory fitness was associated with healthier arteries in children and adolescents. Comparison of very fit with unfit subjects revealed better distensibility parameters in very fit boys and girls.
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Pressão Sanguínea/fisiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Artérias Carótidas/fisiopatologia , Aptidão Física/fisiologia , Resistência Vascular , Rigidez Vascular/fisiologia , Adolescente , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/prevenção & controle , Artérias Carótidas/diagnóstico por imagem , Espessura Intima-Media Carotídea , Criança , Estudos Transversais , Feminino , Seguimentos , Alemanha/epidemiologia , Humanos , Incidência , Masculino , Estudos Prospectivos , Fatores de Risco , UltrassonografiaRESUMO
Sudden death in young competitive athletes can be avoided by implementation of pre-participation screening programmes. A screening programme should be performed only by trained physicians and should include the athlete's personal and family history, physical examination results, and the readings from a 12-lead-electrocardiogram. The athlete should undergo this screening programme every second year to detect progressive diseases. In addition, the programme should include detailed instructions to the athletes to pause training during infections in order to prevent sudden death due to myocarditis.
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Atletas , Doenças Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Doenças Cardiovasculares/epidemiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Adolescente , Adulto , Cardiologia , Doenças Cardiovasculares/complicações , Criança , Eletrocardiografia/métodos , Europa (Continente)/epidemiologia , Feminino , Humanos , Masculino , Programas de Rastreamento , Anamnese , Miocardite , Pediatria , Exame Físico , Instituições Acadêmicas , Sociedades Médicas , Esportes , Adulto JovemRESUMO
OBJECTIVE: The burden of cardiac disease in childhood is unknown. It will be a sum of 1% of living births in the general population, suffering from Congenital Heart Disease (CHD) + approximately 2.5% of the general population suffering from bicuspid aortic valve diseases + an unknown higher prevalence of acquired diseases. Cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias - sudden cardiac death (SCD), rheumatic heard disease, hypertension and accelerating atherosclerosis are among the most frequent. Adding on, genetic syndromes including cardiac defects, endocarditis and myocarditis we can address a large pediatric population worldwide, suffering from heart disease. Diagnosis and treatment of these diseases are not afforded in many countries worldwide due to luck of human and material resources. The aim of this paper is to describe how some of the above mentioned diseases can be either early detected or prevented. The working Group "Cardiovascular Prevention" of the Association of European Pediatric and Congenital Cardiology (AEPC) focused on some forms of them since its formation in 2011. These areas are: 1) some forms of critical CHD, 2) sudden cardiac death linked to sport activities and 3) detecting- preventing cardio vascular diseases CVD in the young. Methods-Populations: Measurements of pre and post ductal saturation of oxygen using pulse oximeters, after the first day from birth, can early and cheaply detect critical Ductal Arteriosus dependent pulmonary or systemic and cyanotic CHD, saving lives and decreasing significantly the cost of medical care. This screening test can be applied to all neonates as late as possible after their birth and before released to their homes. A combination of detailed medical history, physical examination and 12 lead ECG, during a pre-participation in sport activities medical screening test can prevent SCD, related to a variety of nosology. This combined screening test can be applied to all children before they are exposed to school or leisure sport activities. Screening to early detect and treating existent risk factors (RF) for CVD as well as preventing obesity and hypertension, contributes in lowering the burden of CVD. Specific screening tests as laboratory measurements of lipids, fasting glucose or regular measurements of Blood Pressure and waist to hip ratio in children with a family history of CVD or other co-morbidity that provokes accelerating atherosclerosis must be done on a regular basis. RESULTS: Since 2010, four European studies reporting the test accuracy of routine pulse oximetry screening, in over 150.000 babies, have delivered new data. A systematic review and meta-analysis of 230.000 screened babies, reported high specificity, moderate sensitivity and a low false-positive rate. Routine screening for critical CHD using pulse oximetry is being increasingly supported and was added to the recommended uniform screening panel in the USA in 2011. Evaluating children with CHD before their involvement in sport activities, so a clear view in what they can and what they can't to is vital for their safety. For children involved in competitive or leisure sport activities, an initial evaluation and a yearly F/U is vital. In cases of near SCD events an additional thorough investigation and appropriate management is required. Investigating the severity of the existing RF and cooperating with Pediatricians in their treatment (e.g. heredity forms of hyperlipidemias, existing hypertension) of them is essential. Furthermore preventing acceleration of atherosclerosis in patients with: Diabetes Mellitus I, II, chronic renal disease, post Kawasaki disease, post heart transplantation patients, Cardio-Metabolic Syndrome patients, by eradicating RF primordially or by alternating them by opposing a healthy life style or by medicine treatment, has sown in many studies to post pone clinical events in adulthood. DISCUSSION: As many studies have proved the role of preventive measures that can alternate the outcome of cardiac diseases in childhood. AEPC/Preventive Cardiology working group is in the process to publish in the near future guidelines on this topic.
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(1) Background: The aim of this review was to identify and summarize adverse cardiovascular health events associated with the simultaneous consumption of energy drinks (ED) and alcohol. Potential prevention strategies and the implementation of research toward the underlying mechanisms for these pathologies were highlighted to emphasize the need for further investigation and to encourage more attention to this field. (2) Methods: The PubMed database was searched for case reports linked with adverse cardiovascular events after simultaneous ED and alcohol consumption. Inclusion criteria were: the reported age of the patient is between 16 and 35 years and confirmed co-consumption of EDs and alcohol. All relevant articles that met the inclusion criteria were fully read and all relevant data was extracted. The extracted data was summarized and presented in this review of cases. (3) Results: In total, 10 cases were identified. The analysis showed that mainly young adults (median age = 24.5 years), in particular men (80%) were affected. The three parts of the cardiovascular system affected were heart rhythm (42%), myocardial function (33%), and coronary arteries (25%). In 3 cases the outcome was fatal. Moreover, preexisting health conditions and/or potential trigger factors were present in 60% of selected cases. (4) Conclusions: This review of case reports suggests that the simultaneous consumption of EDs and alcohol can lead to adverse cardiovascular health events and even incidents with fatal outcomes were reported. Potential trigger factors and preexisting health conditions seem to increase the probability of adverse cardiovascular health events. Consumers should be informed about the potential risks and follow responsible consumption behavior to prevent future health events. More systematic studies are needed to determine the acute effects on the cardiovascular system in young adults.
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The use of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) for the treatment of infertility is gaining popularity. Limited data on the overall vascular health of females with history of ART are available. This pilot study aimed to investigate the overall vascular health of females with history of ART compared to individuals who conceived spontaneously. The assessment of overall vascular health included the measurement of brachial blood pressure, central blood pressure, and pulse wave velocity, as well as the evaluation of the arterial stiffness and carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) of the common carotid arteries. Conventional blood lipids including lipoprotein a (Lp(a)) were also determined. In total, 45 females with history of ART and 52 females who conceived spontaneously were included (mean age: 47.72 ± 5.96 years vs. 46.84 ± 7.43 years, p = 0.525). An initial comparison revealed a significantly higher prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in ART females (p = 0.011). However, after multiple comparison correction, the significant result disappeared (p = 0.132). Within the cohort of ART females, no significantly higher cardiovascular risk was detected regarding vascular function. The potentially higher prevalence of elevated Lp(a) in ART females must be further investigated in future studies, as it might contribute to the impaired reproductive process in this cohort.
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May-Thurner syndrome is a venous compression syndrome of the pelvic vessels that represents a relevant risk factor for thrombus formation. The standard procedure to secure a diagnosis is venography, followed by endovascular therapy as the preferred treatment choice if the patient is symptomatic. In our case series, there are three related patients with May-Thurner syndrome. A 16-year-old female was admitted with pulmonary embolism, dyspnoea and hip pain. The compression syndrome was diagnosed with interventional venography, and the patient received venous stent implantation. Due to her family history, we also suspected her mother to be affected by the syndrome and elucidated the diagnosis shortly afterwards by invasive venography. Subsequently, we examined the patient's 19-year-old brother, and magnetic resonance imaging confirmed May-Thurner syndrome. A similar case series has not been published before. In this case, the family relation indicates a possible hereditary aspect of May-Thurner syndrome. This hypothesis should be the subject of further research. In conclusion, it is essential to assess family history thoroughly when treating patients with May-Thurner syndrome.
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This review aims to investigate and summarize adverse health events in children and adolescents associated with energy drink (ED) consumption, while also exploring the impact of simultaneous trigger factors and/or preexisting health conditions. We searched the database of PubMed, Cochrane library, and Web of Science for cases associated with ED consumption in minors up to 9 May 2023. The literature written in English met inclusion criteria if patients were <18 years of age and the ED consumption was confirmed. Records, relevant articles, and reports that met all inclusion criteria were fully read by two researchers. In total, 18 cases reporting adverse health events were included. Of those, 45% affected the cardiovascular system, 33% the neuropsychological system, and 22% other organ systems. In 33% of cases, additional triggers were reported. In 44% preexisting health conditions were present. This literature review suggests that ED intake may well be associated with adverse health events in minors. The cardiovascular and the neuropsychiatric systems seem to be predisposed. ED consumption in combination with potential trigger factors or in the presence of preexisting health conditions appears to be critical. To prevent adverse health events in the future, children and adolescents should be informed about risk factors and responsible consumption behaviors.
Assuntos
Sistema Cardiovascular , Bebidas Energéticas , Humanos , Criança , Adolescente , Bebidas Energéticas/efeitos adversos , Fatores de Risco , Ingestão de Energia , Bases de Dados FactuaisRESUMO
AIMS: Increased arterial stiffness, measured as arterial pulse wave velocity (PWV) is associated with an elevated cardiovascular risk. Although noninvasive PWV measurement methods have been validated by invasive measurement, there is little such data on pediatric patients. The purpose of this study was to 'fill the gap' by validating PWV obtained by Mobil-O-Graph in children, adolescents in comparison to young adults. METHODS: Sixty patients (25 male, mean age 16.6âyears; range 3-35âyears) were included in this study. Fifty-one patients underwent cardiac catheterization after a heart transplantation (HTX) and nine for interventional atrial septal defect-closure. Specific invasive pulse wave velocities were assessed for the ascending aorta (aPWV) and entire central aorta (cPWV). These invasive PWV results were compared to simultaneously measured brachial cuff readings using Mobil-O-Graph (oPWV) stratified by age in two groups (PEDIATRICS <18âyears|ADULTS ≥18âyears). RESULTS: Correlation analysis showed a positive linear relation between both invasive PWV measurements and the oPWV in all ages (cPWV/oPWV: r â=â0.417, aPWV/oPWV: r â=â0.628; P â<â0.001). The oPWV data agreed better with the aPWV in mean-value comparisons and correlations with mean difference in PEDIATRICS was 0.41â±â0.41âm/s (95% confidence interval 0.27-0.55). We also found the cPWV to be faster than the aPWV particularly in adults. In addition, cPWV correlated closer with age ( r â=â0.393, P â<â0.05). CONCLUSION: Estimated oPWV using the Mobil-O-Graph demonstrated excellent accuracy in adults and pediatric patients. Therefore, the Mobil-O-Graph can be implemented as an ambulatory PWV measuring tool for pediatric cardiovascular risk stratification. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: German clinical trial registration, DRKS00015066.