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1.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 25(6): 1066-1074, 2019 06.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31107222

RESUMO

Lassa fever (LF) is endemic to Nigeria, where the disease causes substantial rates of illness and death. In this article, we report an analysis of the epidemiologic and clinical aspects of the LF outbreak that occurred in Nigeria during January 1-May 6, 2018. A total of 1,893 cases were reported; 423 were laboratory-confirmed cases, among which 106 deaths were recorded (case-fatality rate 25.1%). Among all confirmed cases, 37 occurred in healthcare workers. The secondary attack rate among 5,001 contacts was 0.56%. Most (80.6%) confirmed cases were reported from 3 states (Edo, Ondo, and Ebonyi). Fatal outcomes were significantly associated with being elderly; no administration of ribavirin; and the presence of a cough, hemorrhaging, and unconsciousness. The findings in this study should lead to further LF research and provide guidance to those preparing to respond to future outbreaks.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Febre Lassa/diagnóstico , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Vírus Lassa , Adolescente , Adulto , Idoso , Criança , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Geografia Médica , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Lactente , Recém-Nascido , Febre Lassa/história , Febre Lassa/virologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Mortalidade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Razão de Chances , Prevalência , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Estações do Ano , Avaliação de Sintomas , Adulto Jovem
2.
Emerg Infect Dis ; 25(5): 1026-1027, 2019 05.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30807268

RESUMO

We reviewed data pertaining to the massive wave of Lassa fever cases that occurred in Nigeria in 2018. No new virus strains were detected, but in 2018, the outbreak response was intensified, additional diagnostic support was available, and surveillance sensitivity increased. These factors probably contributed to the high case count.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Animais , História do Século XXI , Humanos , Incidência , Febre Lassa/diagnóstico , Febre Lassa/história , Febre Lassa/virologia , Vírus Lassa/classificação , Vírus Lassa/genética , Vírus Lassa/isolamento & purificação , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Vigilância em Saúde Pública , Estações do Ano
3.
Euro Surveill ; 24(20)2019 May.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31115314

RESUMO

Lassa fever cases have increased in Nigeria since 2016 with the highest number, 633 cases, reported in 2018. From 1 January to 28 April 2019, 554 laboratory-confirmed cases including 124 deaths were reported in 21 states in Nigeria. A public health emergency was declared on 22 January by the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control. We describe the various outbreak responses that have been implemented, including establishment of emergency thresholds and guidelines for case management.


Assuntos
Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Febre Lassa/prevenção & controle , Surtos de Doenças/estatística & dados numéricos , Emergências/epidemiologia , Guias como Assunto , Pessoal de Saúde/estatística & dados numéricos , Humanos , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Febre Lassa/mortalidade , Vírus Lassa , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Fatores de Tempo
4.
Nat Commun ; 12(1): 5759, 2021 10 01.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-34599162

RESUMO

Lassa fever is a longstanding public health concern in West Africa. Recent molecular studies have confirmed the fundamental role of the rodent host (Mastomys natalensis) in driving human infections, but control and prevention efforts remain hampered by a limited baseline understanding of the disease's true incidence, geographical distribution and underlying drivers. Here, we show that Lassa fever occurrence and incidence is influenced by climate, poverty, agriculture and urbanisation factors. However, heterogeneous reporting processes and diagnostic laboratory access also appear to be important drivers of the patchy distribution of observed disease incidence. Using spatiotemporal predictive models we show that including climatic variability added retrospective predictive value over a baseline model (11% decrease in out-of-sample predictive error). However, predictions for 2020 show that a climate-driven model performs similarly overall to the baseline model. Overall, with ongoing improvements in surveillance there may be potential for forecasting Lassa fever incidence to inform health planning.


Assuntos
Reservatórios de Doenças/virologia , Monitoramento Epidemiológico , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Vírus Lassa/patogenicidade , Murinae/virologia , Animais , Clima , Geografia , Humanos , Incidência , Febre Lassa/transmissão , Febre Lassa/virologia , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Pobreza , Estudos Retrospectivos , Análise Espaço-Temporal , Urbanização
5.
Int J Infect Dis ; 83: 88-94, 2019 Jun.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30930184

RESUMO

BACKGROUND: Lassa fever is an acute viral haemorrhagic disease endemic in Nigeria. The 2018 Lassa fever outbreak in Nigeria was unprecedented, with 8% of all cases occurring among healthcare workers (HCWs). A disproportionately high number of these infections occurred in HCWs working in a tertiary health facility in Nigeria. This paper describes the cluster of Lassa fever infections among HCWs in a treatment centre and the lessons learnt. METHODS: We analysed clinical, epidemiological and laboratory data from surveillance and laboratory records kept during the 2018 outbreak. Interviews were conducted with surviving HCWs using a questionnaire developed specifically for the investigation of Lassa fever infections in HCWs. Descriptive analysis of the data was performed in Microsoft excel. RESULTS: The index case was a 15-year-old male who presented at the health facility with fever and uncontrolled nasopharyngeal bleeding, following a recent uvulectomy by a traditional healer. Overall, 16 HCWs were affected (15 confirmed and 1 probable) with five deaths (CFR-31.6%). Of the 15 confirmed cases, five (33.3%) were asymptomatic. Nine HCWs were direct contacts of the index case; the remaining six HCWs had no direct contact with the index case. HCW interviews identified a low index of suspicion for Lassa fever leading to inadequate infection prevention and control (IPC) practices as possible contributing factors to nosocomial transmission. CONCLUSION: Maintaining a high index of suspicion for Lassa fever in all patients, especially in endemic areas, is essential in adhering to adequate IPC practices in health facilities in order to prevent nosocomial transmission of Lassa fever among HCWs. There is a need to continually train and sensitise HCWs on strict adherence to IPC measures while providing care, irrespective of a patient's provisional diagnosis.


Assuntos
Infecção Hospitalar/epidemiologia , Surtos de Doenças , Instalações de Saúde , Pessoal de Saúde , Febre Lassa/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/epidemiologia , Adolescente , Adulto , Infecção Hospitalar/etiologia , Surtos de Doenças/prevenção & controle , Feminino , Humanos , Controle de Infecções , Febre Lassa/diagnóstico , Febre Lassa/etiologia , Masculino , Pessoa de Meia-Idade , Nigéria/epidemiologia , Doenças Profissionais/etiologia , Inquéritos e Questionários
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