RESUMO
Post-stroke hyperglycemia occurs in 30% - 60% of ischemic stroke patients as part of the systemic stress response, but neither clinical evidence nor pre-clinical studies indicate whether post-stroke hyperglycemia affects stroke outcome. Here we investigated this issue using a mouse model of permanent ischemia. Mice were maintained either normoglycemic or hyperglycemic during the interval of 17 - 48 hours after ischemia onset. Post-stroke hyperglycemia was found to increase infarct volume, blood-brain barrier disruption, and hemorrhage formation, and to impair motor recovery. Post-stroke hyperglycemia also increased superoxide formation by peri-infarct microglia/macrophages. In contrast, post-stroke hyperglycemia did not increase superoxide formation or exacerbate motor impairment in p47 phox-/- mice, which cannot form an active superoxide-producing NADPH oxidase-2 complex. These results suggest that hyperglycemia occurring hours-to-days after ischemia can increase oxidative stress in peri-infarct tissues by fueling NADPH oxidase activity in reactive microglia/macrophages, and by this mechanism contribute to worsened functional outcome.
RESUMO
Resumen Introducción. El aborto se ha convertido en un problema de salud pública. Una las causas que podría estar influyendo para su aumento es la falta de información sobre el control prenatal, por lo anterior, este es un tema que no escapa de la realidad y de la práctica médica. Objetivo. Caracterizar clínica y epidemiológicamente el aborto. Materiales y Métodos. Estudio observacional, descriptivo, retrospectivo, realizado en el Hospital "Gervasio Vera Custodio" Upata-Estado Bolívar, Venezuela, durante el periodo comprendido de enero a diciembre de 2013. Se recolecto datos de 207 historias clínicas de mujeres con diagnóstico de aborto. En el análisis estadístico se aplicó la prueba chi2 de Pearson. Resultados. Se encontró que la edad prevalente de aborto fue de 21 a 30 años con 42%. La edad gestacional más frecuente de las pacientes fue de 1 a 8 semanas con 50%. De estas 93,5% no cumplieron control prenatal. El tipo de aborto más frecuente fue espontáneo con 98,5%. Se realizó legrado uterino a 97%, de las cuales, 8,5% presentaron complicaciones. Se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas al relacionar la edad materna con la edad gestacional. Conclusiones. Existió alta prevalencia de aborto espontáneo en el grupo de 21 a 30 años de edad, presentados entre las semanas 1 a 8 de gestación. La técnica más segura fue el legrado uterino. Finalmente, se encontró bajo cumplimiento del control prenatal.
Abstract Introduction. The abortion has become a public health problem may be due to the lack of information about prenatal care, so that this is an issue which does not escape reality and everyday medical practice. Objective. Characterize the abortion clinic and epidemiologically. Materials and Methods. An observational, descriptive, retrospective study at the Hospital "Gervasio Vera Custodio" Upata-Ciudad Bolivar, Venezuela was performed from January to December 2013. Data from 207 women with diagnosed a diagnosis of abortion were collected from medical records. Pearson chi-square test was applied for the statistical analysis. Results. It was found that abortion was prevalent among 21-30 years old with a 42%. The most common gestational age of abortion was 1 to 8 weeks in the 50% and 93.5% of them did not meet prenatal care. The most frequent abortion was spontaneous in 98.5% ot the patients. Curettage was performed in 97%, of which 8.5% had complications. Statistically significant differences were found to maternal age related to gestational age. Conclusion. There was high prevalence of abortion in the group of 21-30 years of age with 1 to 8 weeks of gestation. The safest practice was the uterine curettage. Finally, the mayority of the cases had no prenatal care.