Prevalence of iron deficiency was stable and anemia increased during 12 years (2006-2018) in Mexican women 20-49 years of age.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the prevalence of women 20-49 years of age with iron deficiency anemia (IDA), iron deficiency with no anemia (IDNA), and non-ID anemia (NIDA) in com-parison during 2006, 2012 and 2018, and their association with sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional status. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ensanut 2006, 2012 and 2018- 19 are comparable for measurements of anemia (hemoglobin) and Iron deficiency (ID, by ferritin). Both measurements combined were compared with year of surveys and other dependent variables using a multinomial regression. RESULTS: In 2006, the total prevalence of anemia was 14.9% and ID 29.0%, the prevalence of IDA was 8.35%, of IDNA 20.5%, and NIDA 6.6%; in 2012, the total prevalence of anemia was 13.3%, ID was 9.6%, IDA 8.6%, IDNA 21.0% y NIDA 4.7%; in 2018 total prevalence of anemia was 21.4%, of ID 25.7%, IDA 10.5%, IDNA 15.2% and NIDA 10.9%. CONCLUSIONS: The total prevalence of anemia increased 6.5 pp between 2006 and 2018, IDNA reduced, IDA had no significant changes, the mayor increase (4.3 pp) occurred in NIDA.

Prevalence of diabetes and glycemic control in Mexico: national results from 2018 and 2020.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of diabetes (diagnosed and undiagnosed), glycemic control in Mexico, and its associated factors. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We used data from Ensanut 2018 (n=12 648) and 2020 (n=2 309). We defined diabetes as fasting glucose ≥126 mg/dl or HbA1c≥6.5% or previously diagnosed; glycemic control was defined as HbA1c<7%. We fitted Poisson regression models to assess the association between diabetes, glycemic control, and potential associated factors. RESULTS: The total prevalence of diabetes was 16.8% in 2018 and 15.7% in 2020. In 2018, 38% of adults with diabetes were unaware of their disease, while in 2020 this figure was 29%. Glycemic control was observed in 42% of participants in 2018 and 39% in 2020. Longer disease duration was associated with lower glycemic control, while older age, having a diet, and being affiliated to IMSS, Pemex, Sedena, or private healthcare were associated with better control. CONCLUSION: Mexico is among the countries with the highest diabetes prevalence. A high proportion of adults with diabetes did not have a previous diagnosis, and the proportion with glycemic control is low. Strengthening screening to achieve a timely diagnosis, and improving glycemic control, should be key actions in the management of diabetes.

Short-term effect of physical activity and obesity on disability in a sample of rural elderly in Mexico.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the effects of physical activity (PA) and obesity on the cumulative incidence of disability on the basic activities of daily living in the elderly. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Longitudinal study. We selected 2477 participants aged 65-74 years from the impact evaluation study of a non-contributory pension program in Mexico. Participants were without disability at baseline. Katz index was used to assess disability both at baseline and follow-up. PA, body mass index, and covariates were measured at baseline. RESULTS: After 14-months of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of disability reached 10.1%. High PA was found to reduce disability risk (OR=0.64; 95%CI [0.43-0.95]), and the association between obesity and disability was marginally significant (OR=1.36; 95%CI [0.96-1.95]). CONCLUSIONS: There is a need to perform a functional assessment of older adults in primary care to identify patients with functional dependence , and to promote physical activity to maintain muscle mass and thus reduce the incidence of disability.

Short-term effect of physical activity and obesity on disability in a sample of rural elderly in Mexico / Efecto a corto plazo de la actividad física y la obesidad sobre la discapacidad en una muestra de ancianos rurales en México

Objective. To estimate the effects of physical activity (PA) and obesity on the cumulative incidence of disability on the basic activities of daily living in the elderly. Materials and methods. Longitudinal study. We selected 2477 participants aged 65-74 years from the impact evaluation study of a non-contributory pension program in Mexico. Participants were without disability at baseline. Katz index was used to assess disability both at baseline and follow-up. PA, body mass index, and covariates were measured at baseline. Results. After 14-months of follow-up, the cumulative incidence of disability reached 10.1%. High PA was found to reduce disability risk (OR=0.64; 95%CI [0.43-0.95]), and the association between obesity and disability was marginally significant (OR=1.36; 95%CI [0.96-1.95]). Conclusions. There is a need to perform a functional assessment of older adults in primary care to identify patients with functional dependence , and to promote physical activity to maintain muscle mass and thus reduce the incidence of disability.

Objetivo. Estimar el efecto de la actividad física (AF) y la obesidad sobre la incidencia acumulada de discapacidad en actividades básicas de la vida diaria en adultos mayores (AM). Material y métodos. Estudio longitudinal. La muestra procede del estudio de evaluación de impacto del Programa 70 y más; seleccionamos 2477 AM de 65-74 años sin discapacidad en la medición basal. La AF, el índice de masa corporal y otras covariables se midieron en el estudio basal. Resultados. La incidencia acumulada de discapacidad, a 14 meses de seguimiento, fue de 10.1%. Después de ajustar por covariables, la AF alta disminuyó el riesgo de discapacidad (RM=0.64; IC95% 0.43-0.95). La obesidad se asoció marginalmente con el riesgo de discapacidad (RM=1.36; IC95% 0.96-1.95). Conclusión. Se requiere incorporar la valoración funcional de los adultos mayores en los niveles primarios de atención para identificar sujetos con dependencia funcional y fomentar la actividad física para mantener la masa muscular y así disminuir la incidencia de la discapacidad.