Use of Statins and Hip Fracture Risk: a Case-Control Study.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY To evaluate a possible association between hip fracture and statin use. MATERIAL AND METHODS In this case-control study we compared the use of statins between two groups of 210 patients: the first group (case group) included patients hospitalized for hip fractures while the second group (control group) included patients who did not suffer femur bone injuries. The two groups were matched for age, sex, year of hospitalization and possible confounding factors. Inside the group of cases, we also evaluated the differences in terms of fracture type, presence of previous fragility fracture and mortality between statin users and non-users. RESULTS The use of statins was most common among patients without previous fractures (OR=0.54; 95% CI=0.33-0.89; p=0.0138), especially in older patients (OR=0.40; 95% CI=0.22-0.76). We did not find any significant difference in statin intake between men and women in the control group. In the case group, those who did not use statins were more likely to undergo a medial hip fracture (28.5% vs 16.1%). Patients from case group also presented a greater mortality (27.9% vs 19.35%) and an higher percentage of previous hip fractures (20.11% vs 9.7%). However, they didn't presented a significant higher rate of fragility fractures in other sites. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests a reduced hip fracture risk, especially in cases aged 80 or more, a different fracture pattern (lower percentage of medial fractures) and a reduced mortality at 9 months in patients treated with HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors, confirming the previous evidences reported in literature. Key words: statin, hip fractures, fracture risk, osteoporosis.

Giant cell tumor of extremities, surgical treatment and local adjuvants: which is the most effective?

Giant cell tumour (GCT) represents 5% of all primitive bone tumours. Standard surgical treatment of GCT includes intralesional excision or segmental resection. Curettage has a higher recurrence rate (10-25% in stage 2 or 3 but does preserve adjacent joint function. The use of local adjuvants such as phenol, alcohol, H2O2, Argon or cement may decrease recurrence rate, yet which local adjuvant works best is still, to this day, controversial. A series of 109 patients with GCT of the extremity, surgical treated in a single Institution from 2016 to 2018, were analysed in a retrospective study. The purpose of our study was to report the incidence of recurrence rate in patients with GCT of limbs treated in a single institution with different local adjuvants. The results of the present study suggests that curettage in association to cryoablation seems to reduce the recurrence rate compared to "classic" local adjuvants.

Percutaneous headless screws and wide-awake anesthesia to fix metacarpal and phalangeal fractures: outcomes of the first 56 cases.

Phalangeal (P) and metacarpal (MC) fractures are very common injuries, with potentially disabling, residual impairment, deformities or stiffness. Conservative treatment represents the strategy of choice in most cases, but in unstable fractures and/or high-demanding patients, surgical fixation could be required. Ideally, the best treatment choice will be the intramedullary fixation systems, if possible without the implant protruding from the skin. Intramedullary headless screw fixation could be the reliable option to achieve a primary fixation, allowing an early active movement, with regard to the fractures site. The Authors analyzed the results achieved after 56 extra-articular unstable fractures (31 phalangeal fracture and 25 metacarpal fracture) treated with intramedullary headless compression screws. After surgery, patients underwent early mobilization without splinting. The results of the study suggest that this technique could be a reliable therapeutic option in order to obtain early mobilization and quick return to work after a phalangeal or metacarpal fracture, especially for high-demanding patients.

A local anesthesia without tourniquet for distal fibula hardware removal after open reduction and internal fixation: the safe use of epinephrine in the foot. A randomized clinical study.

Hardware removal after surgical treatment fracture is one of the most common procedures in orthopaedic daily activity. A percentage from 14.5 to 21 of total removal involves the ankle joint. Trying to reduce the important socio-economic impact of this surgical procedure, we thought to perform it using the Wide Awake Local Anaesthesia Without Tourniquet (WALANT), a particular technique presented by D. Lalonde that associated a local anaesthetic drug with epinephrine in order to obtain an effective haemostatic effect despite the lack of a tourniquet. Nowadays, the WALANT efficiency and safety in hand surgery is widely demonstrated in literature but there are no data about its use in lower limb extremity surgeries. Authors performed a randomized study with 60 patients whom underwent distal fibula hardware removal between 2014 and 2016; they were divided into two groups: Group A under loco-regional anaesthesia with tourniquet and Group B under WALANT. We did not find significant differences in term of maximum pain level felt during the anaesthesiologic and surgical procedure. However, the use of WALANT significantly reduced post-operative pain levels. The WALANT procedures also reduced the number of hospitalization days. No differences in term of post-operative complication rates were found. In conclusion, the WALANT can be considered as a suitable option for distal fibula hardware removal in selected patients; it shows important clinical and economic advantages compared to the traditional loco-regional anaesthesia with tourniquet. This study also lays the foundation for the use of the WALANT beyond the field of hand surgery only.

Choosing the proper implant for extra-articular fractures of proximal phalanges: A study on 75 cases.

INTRODUCTION: Phalangeal fractures are the most common fractures of the hand and in particular the proximal phalanx of the long fingers is the most involved. These fractures can ben conservatively managed but, when the fracture pattern is considered unstable, surgical treatment is recommended. However, there is no consensus in literature about the proper surgical option for extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We compared clinical and radiographical results after treatment of 75 cases of extra-articular proximal phalanx fractures using three different surgical techniques: closed reduction and internal fixation (CRIF) with Kirschner wires (G1 group), open reduction internal fixation (ORIF) with plates and screws or lag screws (G2 group), and closed reduction and intramedullary screw fixation (CRIMEF)(G3 group). RESULTS: We found no significant differences in term of union rate and time to fracture healing between the three groups. However, we found a significant reduction in time to return at work and in TAM at the final follow-up examination in G3 group (treated with CRIMEF) when compared with both G1 and G2. No differences in complications rate were found between three groups. DISCUSSION: The surgical variability in the management of extra-articular phalanx fractures create lacks on standard guide for treatment. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, our results showed good clinical and radiographical results with all the three surgical options. However, the closed reduction and internal fixation with intramedullary screws (CRIMEF) seems to be better in terms of time to return to work and TAM at the final follow-up, probably due to good primary stability and little risk of soft tissue adherence development.

Inflammatory disease of the costotransverse joints: US evaluation in 15 symptomatic patients.

The costotransverse joints (CTJs) are small arthrodial joints which articulate with the costal tuberosity on the transverse process of the thoracic vertebrae. CTJs are composed of oval-shaped facets with a major axis, vertical at the upper vertebrae and almost horizontal at the lower vertebrae. This position explains the different movements of the ribs: the cranial ribs move on the sagittal plane and the caudal ribs on the transverse plane. Movements in directions other than these usual CTJ spatial planes can cause inflammation resulting in a stinging pain in the space between the scapula and thoracic spine. We studied 15 subjects with paravertebral pain compatible with CTJ pathology. Mean age was 29 years, 11 females/4 males. In 12 patients, the non-dominant limb was affected. US imaging was carried out using linear 12 MHz and 9 MHz probes. Scanning was performed following the long axis of the rib (transverse plane) and the short axis (sagittal plane). Sagittal scanning is the method of choice for detection of possible joint effusion and comparison with undamaged joints above and below. US identified joint effusion correlating with the site of pain in all patients. Thickening of the posterior costotransverse capsular ligament was detected in six patients mainly affecting the first thoracic vertebrae. Power Doppler showed intraarticular hypervascularization in four patients. US imaging should be performed as a first-line examination in the evaluation of patients with stinging pain in the paravertebral region. US evidence of effusion within the joints is a sure sign of involvement of these structures.

Treatment of Vancouver B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures using Intrauma Iron Lady® locking plate: A retrospective study on 32 patients.

INTRODUCTION: Periprosthetic femoral fractures (PFF) actually represent a serious public health problem. They are reported to occur in 0,1-4.5% of all patients undergoing total hip replacement (THR). PFF are commonly distinguished using the Vancouver classification. This study principal aim is to evaluate results obtained using the Intrauma Iron Lady® Conical Coupling locking plate for the treatment of Vancouver type B1 periprosthetic femoral fractures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We enrolled 32 patients affected by Vancouver B1 PFF and treated with the same device. Metal cerclages were additionally used in 12 (38%) patients. A clinical and radiographical post-operative follow-up was then planned at 1, 3 and 6 months after surgery; than the follow-up was annually fixed. RESULTS: Mean age at the moment of trauma was 76,7 years. All involved femoral stem were uncemented and the they were all radiographically and intraoperativelly judged to be stable. Mean post-operative follow-up period was 5,8 years. 29 patients (91%) presented healed fracture at 6 months follow-up. 9% patients developed a superficial surgical site infection. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS: Literature highlights that Vancouver B1 PFF should be treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) using polyaxial locking plates. However, no single technique has gained universal acceptance to be superior that the other. The current reported healing rate ranges from 40 to 100%. Using the Intrauma Iron Lady® Conical Coupling locking plate, we obtained a healing rate of 91%; this data is consistent with recent literature. Moreover, the role of cerclages in addition to femoral plating is actually controversial because they potentially damage the soft callus vascularization. Our results showed no difference in term of healing rate between patients with and without cerclages, according with some of most recent articles. A prospective study with a higher number of patients should be carried out in order to better evaluate the role of cerclages on healing rate but also the complications frequency after PFF surgical treatment.