[Ningmitai Capsules relieve lower urinary tract symptoms in patients with benign prostatic hyperplasia : A short-term clinical observation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the clinical effect and safety of the Chinese patent medicine Ningmitai Capsules (NMT) in relieving lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in the patient with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). METHODS: We randomly assigned 40 BPH patients to an experimental and a control group of equal number to receive oral administration of NMT at 4 capsules tid and terazosin hydrochloride tablets at 2 mg qd, respectively, both for 14 days. At 7 and 14 days after medication, we recorded and compared the International Prostate Symptoms Score (IPSS), maximum urinary flow rate (Qmax), quality of life (QoL) scores, results of urinalysis and blood routine examination, and indexes of hepatic and renal function. RESULTS: Both NMT and terazosin significantly improved the total IPSS score, the IPSS scores in the storage and voiding phases, increased Qmax and urine output, reduced post-void residual urine (PVR), and improved the QoL of the patients. The patients of the NMT group showed a better relief of incomplete bladder emptying, more improved QoL and fewer adverse reactions, while those treated with terazosin achieved a better attenuation of weak urine stream and PVR. CONCLUSIONS: NMT is safe and effective in relieving LUTS in BPH patients. Each of NMT and terazosin has its own advantages in attenuating urinary tract irritation and obstruction, but whether their combination may produce a better effect on LUTS and the specific mechanisms of NMT improving acute symptoms of BPH are yet to be further studied.

[Etiology, diagnosis and management of spontaneous per renal hemorrhage].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the etiology, diagnosis, and management of spontaneous perirenal hemorrhage (SPH). METHODS: The clinical data of 35 patients, 10 males and 12 females, aged 35.9 (12-77), with the diagnosis of SPH, without history of trauma, anticoagulant use, dialysis, and renal transplantation, were analyzed. RESULTS: The underlying disease of SPH included angiomyolipoma (18 cases), renal cell carcinoma (7 cases), kidney cyst (2 cases), renal artery aneurysm (3 cases), rupture of renal artery aneurysm accompanied with pregnancy (2 cases), renal pheochromocytoma (3 cases 2 of which accompanied with pregnancy), congenital stricture of pelvic ureter junction (1 case), and liver cancer (1 case). The most common underlying diseases were nephrogenic (96%) with angiomyolipoma ranking first (54%) followed by renal cell carcinoma (21%). The underlying diseases were diagnosed correctly in 23 cases (69%). CT helped in diagnosis of 34 cases. Surgery was performed on most of the cases. CONCLUSION: The most common causes of SPH is renal neoplasms more than 50% of which are benign. Renal artery aneurysm and pheochromocytoma tend to rupture during pregnancy. CT is the first method of choice in diagnosis.

Insulin resistance in patients with advanced prostate cancer undergoing intermittent or continuous androgen blockade.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Androgen blockade is the principle strategy in the treatment of advanced prostate cancer. Impaired glucose tolerance often occurs in those patients after androgen blockade. This study was to investigate the correlation of insulin resistance to intermittent androgen blockade (IAB) or continuous androgen blockade, which is also named surgical castration, in patients with advanced prostate cancer. METHODS: A total of 139 patients with advanced prostate cancer were classified into four groups according to the body mass index (BMI) and the treatment method. Group A consisted of 30 patients receiving surgical castration with BMI >or= 24 kg/m(2), group B consisted of 32 patients treated with IAB with BMI >or= kg/m(2), group C consisted of 37 patients undergoing surgical castration with BMI < 24 kg/m(2), group D consisted of 40 patients treated by IAB with BMI < 24 kg/m(2). Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting serum level of insulin (FINS) were assessed before treatment, six months and 12 months after treatment, respectively. Insulin resistance index (IRI) was also calculated. RESULTS: Six months after treatment, FINS and IRI were all increased in the four groups compared with those before treatment; FINS and IRI were significantly higher in groups B and D than in A and C (FINS: t(A:B)=7.7516, p < 0.01, t(C:D)=4.8078, p < 0.01; IRI: t(A:B) =7.3671, p < 0.01, t(C:D)=5.1005, p < 0.01). Twelve months after treatment, which was the intermittent period of the IAB method, FINS returned to the pretreatment level in group D (q=2.5255, p > 0.05), and dramatically decreased in group B compared to the value six months after treatment (q = 9.0942, p < 0.01); in contrast, FINS and IRI remained unchanged in groups A and C. CONCLUSIONS: Androgen blockade promotes insulin resistance in patients with advanced prostate cancer. Insulin resistance gradually disappears during the intermittent period of IAB.