Low-latency gravitational wave alert products and their performance at the time of the fourth LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA observing run.

Multimessenger searches for binary neutron star (BNS) and neutron star-black hole (NSBH) mergers are currently one of the most exciting areas of astronomy. The search for joint electromagnetic and neutrino counterparts to gravitational wave (GW)s has resumed with ALIGO's, AdVirgo's and KAGRA's fourth observing run (O4). To support this effort, public semiautomated data products are sent in near real-time and include localization and source properties to guide complementary observations. In preparation for O4, we have conducted a study using a simulated population of compact binaries and a mock data challenge (MDC) in the form of a real-time replay to optimize and profile the software infrastructure and scientific deliverables. End-toend performance was tested, including data ingestion, running online search pipelines, performing annotations, and issuing alerts to the astrophysics community. We present an overview of the low-latency infrastructure and the performance of the data products that are now being released during O4 based on the MDC. We report the expected median latency for the preliminary alert of full bandwidth searches (29.5 s) and show consistency and accuracy of released data products using the MDC. We report the expected median latency for triggers from early warning searches (-3.1 s), which are new in O4 and target neutron star mergers during inspiral phase. This paper provides a performance overview for LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA (LVK) low-latency alert infrastructure and data products using theMDCand serves as a useful reference for the interpretation of O4 detections.

The Winchester falls project: a randomised controlled trial of secondary prevention of falls in older people.

BACKGROUND: the mortality and morbidity of falls in older people is significant, with recurrent fallers being at an increased risk. The most effective way to reduce falls in this group is not clear. OBJECTIVE: to determine the effectiveness of two interventions, one based in primary care and the other in secondary care, at preventing further falls in recurrent fallers. DESIGN: cluster randomised controlled trial. PARTICIPANTS: sixty-five years or over, living in the community, two or more falls in the previous year and not presenting to an emergency department with index fall. SETTING: Mid Hampshire, UK. INTERVENTION: eighteen general practices were randomly allocated to one of three groups. The primary care group was assessed by nurses in the community, using a risk factor review and subsequent targeted referral to other professionals. The secondary care group received a multi-disciplinary assessment in a day hospital followed by identified appropriate interventions. The control group received usual care. Follow-up was for 1 year. RESULTS: five hundred and five participants were recruited. Follow-up was completed in 83% (421/505). The proportion of participants who fell again was significantly lower in the secondary care group (75%, 158/210) compared to the control group [84%, 133/159, adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.52 (95% CI 0.35-0.79) P = 0.002]. The primary care group showed similar results to the control group [87%, 118/136, adjusted OR 1.17 (95% CI 0.57-2.37) P = 0.673]. CONCLUSION: a structured multi-disciplinary assessment of recurrent fallers significantly reduced the number experiencing further falls, but a community-based nurse-led assessment with targeted referral to other professionals did not.

Gravitational waves: search results, data analysis and parameter estimation: Amaldi 10 Parallel session C2.

The Amaldi 10 Parallel Session C2 on gravitational wave (GW) search results, data analysis and parameter estimation included three lively sessions of lectures by 13 presenters, and 34 posters. The talks and posters covered a huge range of material, including results and analysis techniques for ground-based GW detectors, targeting anticipated signals from different astrophysical sources: compact binary inspiral, merger and ringdown; GW bursts from intermediate mass binary black hole mergers, cosmic string cusps, core-collapse supernovae, and other unmodeled sources; continuous waves from spinning neutron stars; and a stochastic GW background. There was considerable emphasis on Bayesian techniques for estimating the parameters of coalescing compact binary systems from the gravitational waveforms extracted from the data from the advanced detector network. This included methods to distinguish deviations of the signals from what is expected in the context of General Relativity.

Nondesignated preliminary residents in general surgery: 25-year outcomes.

BACKGROUND: This study assesses the outcomes of nondesignated preliminary (NDP) residents in general surgery (GS) at an independent, nonuniversity training program. METHODS: Records of all NDP residents from 1984-1985 through 2008-2009 were reviewed, and residents' careers were followed. Designated preliminary and categorical residents were excluded. RESULTS: Sixty-two residents completed the NDP year. Three of these residents also completed a second postgraduate NDP year. A total of 60 NDPs (97%) continued in accredited postgraduate programs. Forty-eight graduates (77%) pursued surgery-associated careers: 26 (42%) in GS and 22 (35%) in other surgery-related specialties. Eleven of the 26 NDPs who entered GS (42%) became categorical residents in our program. All NDP GS graduates are board certified, board eligible, or are residents in training. CONCLUSIONS: After a preliminary year in GS, NDPs continued in postgraduate medical education followed by board certification, usually in GS or surgery-related specialties. NDPs often obtain categorical positions in the parent GS program.

Eötvös bounds on couplings of fundamental parameters to gravity.

The possible dependence of fundamental couplings and mass ratios on the gravitational potential has been bounded by comparing atomic clock frequencies over Earth's elliptical orbit. Here we evaluate bounds on such a dependence from Eötvös-type experiments that test the weak equivalence principle, including previously neglected contributions from nuclear binding energy. We find that variations of fundamental parameters correlated with the gravitational potential are limited at 10(-8)-10(-9), an improvement of 2-3 orders of magnitude over atomic clock bounds.

The identification of pyrimidine-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane derivatives as 5-HT2C receptor agonists.

The 5-HT2C receptor has been implicated in the regulation of appetite. As such, small molecule agonists to this receptor may serve as novel therapies to combat obesity. We describe here the identification, synthesis, and SAR of a 5-HT2C agonist from a unique pyrimidine-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane series. This compound displayed good potency at the 5-HT2C receptor, modest selectivity relative to other 5-HT2 receptors, and was efficacious in an acute feeding study in rats.

The design and synthesis of a tricyclic single-nitrogen scaffold that serves as a 5-HT2C receptor agonist.

5-HT2C agonists have shown efficacy in limiting food consumption and thus may serve as an important drug class in combating obesity. We describe the design and synthesis of a novel tricyclic single-nitrogen scaffold that was used to produce 5-HT2C agonists. SAR was developed around this chemotype and compounds were identified that were potent (Ki<15 nM) and selective relative to other 5-HT2 receptors. The most promising compound displayed a good pharmacokinetic profile in multiple animal species, and was efficacious in an acute feeding study in rats.