Diversity of Endophytic Fungi Isolated from the Bark of Ceiba pentandra (L.) Gaertn., (Bombacaceae) and Antibacterial Potential of Secalonic Acid A Produced by Diaporthe searlei EC 321.

The objective of this study was to study the diversity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceiba pentandra and to isolate their bioactive chemical compounds. The methodology used during this study consisted in isolating endophytic fungi from the bark of C. pentandra on Potato Agar. The isolates obtained were identified on the basis of the ITS regions of their ribosomal DNA. Antibacterial screening of the mycelium of endophytic fungi isolated was evaluated against multidrug-resistant E. coli and S. aureus strains. This screening led to the selection of isolates EC 321 and EC 28 for their ability to effectively inhibit the growth of the bacterial strains tested. EC 321 was grown and fermented on rice medium. Secondary metabolites were extracted with ethyl acetate. From the crude extract, secalonic acid A was isolated and identified by chromatographic and NMR. The in vitro activity of secalonic acid A against the growth of multiresistant bacterial strains was evaluated. Secalonic acid A was active against all multidrug-resistant bacterial strains E. coli 942, E. coli 4814, S. aureus 931, S. aureus 934, S. aureus MRSA 1872 and K. pneumonia 815 with respective MICs of 18.75; 18.75; 18.75; 4.7; 37.5 and 37.5 µg/mL.

[Effect of the minor and moderate malnutrition on immunity, inflammatory and nutritional proteins at Côte d'Ivoire child]. / Effet des Malnutritions Mineure et Moderee sur les Proteines Immunitaires, Inflammatoires et Nutritionnelles Chez L'Enfant en Cote D'Ivoire.

This study was realiszed in Côte d'Ivoire at the children from 5 to 15 years old. The purpose of this study was to determine the alteration of immunity, inflammatory and nutritional proteins at 142 children (30 minor and 12 moderated malnutrition). The nutritional state or the state of malnutrition was to appreciate by Weight/height ratio which is the most usued by far. Immunity, inflammatory and nutritional proteins were measured by radical immunodiffusion according to Mancini. The results of this study showed that the Albumin was lowered (p<0.01) during the moderate and minor malnutrition in comparison to the children.On the other hand, it was observed an increased of CRP in both forms of malnutrition (p<0.05).Also, the index prognostic nutritional and inflammatory who, allows to appreciate simultaneously the inflammatory and nutritional state (PINI) was increased in the malnutrition moderated with regard to the minor malnutrition and to the children (p<0.05).Besides, immunity proteins remain unchanged in both forms of malnutrition in comparison to the healthy children (p<0.05). Finally, this study shows that the moderate and malnutrition are associated with an inflammatory process and of protein consumption notably the Albumin .These observations suggest that determination of the nutritional status requires the use of the clinical method coupled with the biological examinations.