What Is the Optimal Bowel Preparation for Capsule Colonoscopy and Pan-intestinal Capsule Endoscopy? A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

BACKGROUND: The rate of adequate cleansing (ACR) and complete examinations (CR) are key quality indicators in capsule colonoscopy (CC) and pan-intestinal capsule endoscopy (PCE). AIMS: To evaluate the efficacy of bowel preparation protocols regarding ACR and CR. METHODS: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis, search terms regarding colon capsule preparation, publication date from 2006/01, and date of search 2021/12, in six bibliographic databases. Multiple steps of the cleansing protocol were assessed: diet, adjunctive laxatives, purgative solution, use of prokinetic agents, and "booster". The meta-analytical frequency of ACR and CR was estimated, and subgroup analyses performed. Strategies associated with higher ACR and CR were explored using meta-analytical univariable and multivariable regression models. RESULTS: Twenty-six observational studies and five RCTs included (n = 4072 patients). The pooled rate of ACR was 72.5% (95% C.I. 67.8-77.5%; I2 = 92.4%), and the pooled rate of CR was 83.0% (95% C.I. 78.7-87.7%; I2 = 96.5%). The highest ACR were obtained using a low-fibre diet [78.5% (95% C.I. 72.0-85.6%); I2 = 57.0%], adjunctive laxatives [74.7% (95% C.I. 69.8-80.1%); I2 = 85.3%], and split dose < 4L polyethylene glycol (PEG) as purgative [77.5% (95% C.I. 68.4-87.8%); I2 = 47.3%]. The highest CR were observed using routine prokinetics prior to capsule ingestion [84.4% (95% C.I. 79.9-89.2%); I2 = 89.8%], and sodium phosphate (NaP) as "booster" [86.2% (95% C.I. 82.3-90.2%); I2 = 86.8%]. In univariable models, adjunctive laxatives were associated with higher ACR [OR 1.81 (95% C.I. 1.13; 2.90); p = 0.014]. CR was higher with routine prokinetics [OR 1.86 (95% C.I. 1.13; 3.05); p = 0.015] and split-dose PEG purgative [OR 2.03 (95% C.I. 1.01; 4.09), p = 0.048]. CONCLUSIONS: Main quality outcomes (ACR, CR) remain suboptimal for CC and PCE. Despite considerable heterogeneity, our results support low-fibre diet, use of adjunctive sennosides, split dose < 4L PEG, and routine prokinetics, while NaP remains the most consistent option as booster.

Evaluation of the efficacy of dentin hypersensitivity treatments-A systematic review and follow-up analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the treatments used to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH), based on its efficacy and effect duration. METHODS: Medline/PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE and ClinicalTrials were searched for articles published between 1 January 2008 and 14 November 2018, in English, Portuguese or Spanish, reporting clinical trials, completed and with results. This systematic review protocol was registered in PROSPERO, number CRD42019121986. RESULTS: Seventy-four randomised clinical trials were included in the systematic review, reporting patients from 16 to 65 years old, with a clinical diagnosis of DH, that evaluate the efficacy of a desensitising product, compared to pre-treatment, used the evaporative method stimulation and the visual analogue scale. These studies evaluated 5366 patients and at least 9167 teeth. Seven follow-up periods were considered corresponding to an immediate, medium or long-time effect. Sixty-six studies were included in the quantitative synthesis. Glutaraldehyde with HEMA, glass ionomer cements and Laser present significant immediate (until 7 days) DH reduction. Medium-term (until 1 month) reduction was observed in stannous fluoride, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, glass ionomer cements and Laser groups. Finally, long-term significant reduction was seen at potassium nitrate, arginine, glutaraldehyde with HEMA, hydroxyapatite, adhesive systems, glass ionomer cements and LASER. CONCLUSIONS: All active ingredients show efficacy in DH reduction in different follow-up times. Only in-office treatments are effective in immediate DH reduction, maintaining its efficacy over time. For long-time effects, at-home treatments can also be used. More standardised evaluation protocols should be implemented to increase the robustly of the results.

Smoking and antidepressants pharmacokinetics: a systematic review.

BACKGROUND: Despite an increasingly recognized relationship between depression and smoking, little is known about how smoking influences antidepressant response and treatment outcomes. The aim of this study was to systematically review the evidence of the impact of smoking on new-generation antidepressants with an emphasis on the pharmacokinetic perspective. METHODS: We present a systematic review of clinical trials comparing the serum levels of new-generation antidepressants in smokers and nonsmokers. Data were obtained from MEDLINE/PubMed, Embase, and other sources. Risk of bias was assessed for selection, performance, detection, attrition, and reporting of individual studies. RESULTS: Twenty-one studies met inclusion criteria; seven involved fluvoxamine, two evaluated fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, duloxetine or mirtazapine, and escitalopram, citalopram, trazodone and bupropion were the subject of a single study. No trials were found involving other common antidepressants such as paroxetine or agomelatine. Serum levels of fluvoxamine, duloxetine, mirtazapine and trazodone were significantly higher in nonsmokers compared with smokers. CONCLUSIONS: There is evidence showing a reduction in the concentration of serum levels of fluvoxamine, duloxetine, mirtazapine and trazodone in smoking patients as compared to nonsmokers. The evidence regarding other commonly used antidepressants is scarce. Nonetheless, smoking status should be considered when choosing an antidepressant treatment, given the risk of pharmacokinetic interactions.

[Review of Reviews (Umbrella Reviews): Step-by-Step Guide]. / Revisão das Revisões (Revisões Umbrella): Guia Passo a Passo.

In recent years, as a result of the dramatic increase in the number of systematic reviews, a new type of systematic review, the 'systematic reviews of systematic reviews', also known as umbrella reviews, reviews of reviews, meta-reviews or synthesis of review, was developed. The aim of this article is to provide recommendations on how this type of systematic review should be conducted and reported to ensure its quality and usefulness. These reviews are designed to compile evidence from multiple systematic reviews of interventions into an accessible and usable document and are one of the highest levels of evidence synthesis.

Nos últimos anos, em consequência do aumento dramático do número de revisões sistemáticas, surgiu um novo tipo de revisões sistemáticas, as revi- sões sistemáticas das revisões sistemáticas, também conhecidas como umbrella reviews, reviews of reviews, meta-reviews, ou synthesis of review. O objetivo deste artigo é fornecer recomendações sobre como este tipo de revisão sistemática deve ser conduzido e relatado para garantir a sua qualidade e utilidade. Estas revisões são concebidas para compilar evidências de múltiplas revisões sistemáticas de intervenções num documento acessível e utilizável e constituem um dos níveis mais elevados de síntese de evidência.

Correction: Implementation of digital health in rural populations with chronic musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review protocol.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0291638.].

[Evaluation of the Scientific Production in the Field of General Practice and Family Medicine in Portugal]. / Avaliação da Produção Científica na Área da Medicina Geral e Familiar em Portugal.

INTRODUCTION: The Portuguese publications in the field of General Practice and Family Medicine have not yet been assessed in bibliometric studies. The aim of this study was to analyze that production between 2012 and 2022. METHODS: The Web of Science Core Collection was used to gather the number of articles, journals and citations obtained; the Journal Citation Reports to obtain the Impact Factor and quartile of journals; and Scimago Journal & Country Rank, for the comparison of data with other European countries. The search was based on the following query: "usf OR unidade de Saude Familiar OR centro de Saude OR ACeS OR medicina geral familiar OR Gen Practice Family SAME Portugal", and a time window between 2012 and 2022 was defined. The study considered the following quantitative indicators: total number of publications, typology, language, affiliation, co-authors, geographical distribution, thematic areas, and the number of publications/inhabitant and publications/physician from European countries; the qualitative indicators selected were the Impact Factor (IF), the quartile and the number of citations. RESULTS: Between 2012 and 2022, the national scientific production had an average annual growth rate of 36.6%. Of 389 publications, 73.8% were 'Articles' and 11.8% were 'Review Articles', predominantly in English (88.4%). The fields of 'General Internal Medicine' (24.7%) and 'Public Environmental Health' (14.9%) had the highest publication rates among the journals. The 389 publications received 5354 citations, for an average of 13.76 citations per article, and the average yearly citation growth was 115%. According to IF, 22.5% of the 222 journals belonged to Q4, 27.5% to Q3, 29.7% to Q2 and 20.3% to Q1, and therefore no significant bias regarding the journals where Portuguese doctors publish was observed. CONCLUSION: The bibliometric analysis allowed us to examine the evolution of the scientific production in the field of Portuguese General Practice and Family Medicine by observing an increasing publication trend and with a high potential for publication growth.

Introdução: As publicações portuguesas da área de Medicina Geral e Familiar ainda não foram alvo de estudos bibliométricos. Pretendeu-se analisar tal produção no período entre 2012 e 2022. Métodos: Usou-se a Web of Science Core Collection para obter o número de artigos, as revistas de publicação e as respetivas citações; o Journal Citation Reports para obter o Fator de Impacto e o quartil das revistas; e o Scimago Journal & Country Rank para a comparação de dados com outros países europeus. Utilizou-se a equação de pesquisa "usf OR unidade de Saude Familiar OR centro de Saude OR ACeS OR medicina geral familiar OR Gen Practice Family SAME Portugal", e selecionaram-se os resultados obtidos no período entre 2012 e 2022. Os indicadores quantitativos selecionados foram o total de publicações, tipologia, idioma, afiliação, coautorias, distribuição geográfica, áreas temáticas e o número de publicações/habitante e de publicações/médico em países europeus. Como indicadores qualitativos escolheu-se o Fator de Impacto (FI), o quartil das revistas e o número de citações. Resultados: Entre 2012 e 2022, a produção científica nacional teve uma taxa de crescimento médio anual de 36,6%. Em 389 publicações, 73,8% foram de 'Article' e 11,8% de 'Review Article', predominando a publicação em língua inglesa (88,4%). As revistas com maior publicação pertencem às áreas 'General Internal Medicine' (24,7%) e 'Public Environmental Health' (14,9%). As 389 publicações tiveram 5354 citações, com uma média de 13,76 citações por artigo e a taxa de crescimento médio anual de citações foi de 115%. Em função do FI, das 222 revistas, 22,5% pertenciam ao Q4, 27,5% ao Q3, 29,7% ao Q2 e 20,3% ao Q1, não se observando por isso nenhum viés assinalável relativamente às revistas onde os médicos portugueses publicam. Conclusão: A análise bibliométrica permitiu avaliar a evolução e o estado da produção científica da área da Medicina Geral e Familiar por investigadores portugueses, observando-se uma tendência de publicação crescente, e com forte potencial de crescimento.

The Impacts of Climate Change on the Emergence and Reemergence of Mosquito-Borne Diseases in Temperate Zones: An Umbrella Review Protocol.

INTRODUCTION: Mosquito-borne diseases represent a global public health concern and are responsible for over 700 000 deaths globally every year. Additionally, many mosquito species have undergone a dramatic global expansion due to various factors, including climate change, and forecasts indicate that mosquito populations will persist in dispersing beyond their present geographic range, namely in temperate climates. The research literature on this topic has grown in recent years, including some systematic evidence synthesis. However, to provide a comprehensive overview of this growing literature needed for policy action, a summary of this evidence, including existing systematic reviews, is required. This study aims to undertake an umbrella review that explores the impacts of climate change on the emergence and reemergence of diseases transmitted by mosquitoes in temperate zones and the publication of the protocol is a fundamental step to ensure the credibility, transparency and reproducibility of this research. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Studies published in scientific journals indexed by PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Epistemonikos, and Web of Science Core Collection to be included in this umbrella review will meet the following criteria: the topic of study (climate change and mosquito-borne diseases), regions (temperate zones), study designs (systematic reviews and meta-analysis), language (any) and date (since inception until December 31st, 2023). Titles and abstracts from selected articles will be evaluated by two authors independently and any discrepancy will be resolved through consensus or, if not possible, through a third author. The data will be extracted, and the risk of bias will be evaluated. The quality of the methodology of the included reviews will be assessed using AMSTAR 2. A narrative synthesis will examine the included systematic reviews. The quality of evidence for all outcomes will be judged using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation working group methodology.

Individual risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection during Alpha variant in high-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objectives: This study aimed to systematically appraise risk factors associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection in high-income countries during the period of predominance of the Alpha variant (January 2020 to April 2021). Methods: Four electronic databases were used to search observational studies. Literature search, study screening, data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two authors independently. Meta-analyses were conducted for each risk factor, when appropriate. Results: From 12,094 studies, 27 were included. The larger sample size was 17,288,532 participants, more women were included, and the age range was 18-117 years old. Meta-analyses identified men [Odds Ratio (OR): 1.23, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.97-1.42], non-white ethnicity (OR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.39-1.91), household number (OR: 1.08, 95% CI: 1.06-1.10), diabetes (OR: 1.22, 95% CI: 1.08-1.37), cancer (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.68-0.98), cardiovascular diseases (OR: 0.92, 95% CI: 0.84-1.00), asthma (OR: 0.83, 95% CI: 0.75-0.92) and ischemic heart disease (OR: 0.82, 95% CI: 0.74-0.91) as associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection. Conclusion: This study indicated several risk factors for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Due to the heterogeneity of the studies included, more studies are needed to understand the factors that increase the risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42021244148, PROSPERO registration number, CRD42021244148.

Low back pain management in primary healthcare: findings from a scoping review on models of care.

INTRODUCTION: Models of care (MoCs) describe evidence-informed healthcare that should be delivered to patients. Several MoCs have been implemented for low back pain (LBP) to reduce evidence-to-practice gaps and increase the effectiveness and sustainability of healthcare services. OBJECTIVE: To synthesise research evidence regarding core characteristics and key common elements of MoCs implemented in primary healthcare for the management of LBP. DESIGN: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES: Searches on MEDLINE (PubMed), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, PEDro, Scopus, Web of Science and grey literature databases were conducted. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA: Eligible records included MoCs implemented for adult LBP patients in primary healthcare settings. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: Data extraction was carried out independently by two researchers and included a summary of the studies, the identification of the MoCs and respective key elements, concerning levels of care, settings, health professionals involved, type of care delivered and core components of the interventions. Findings were investigated through a descriptive qualitative content analysis using a deductive approach. RESULTS: 29 studies reporting 11 MoCs were included. All MoCs were implemented in high-income countries and had clear objectives. Ten MoCs included a stratified care approach. The assessment of LBP patients typically occurred in primary healthcare while care delivery usually took place in community-based settings or outpatient clinics. Care provided by general practitioners and physiotherapists was reported in all MoCs. Education (n=10) and exercise (n=9) were the most common health interventions. However, intervention content, follow-ups and discharge criteria were not fully reported. CONCLUSIONS: This study examines the features of MoCs for LBP, highlighting that research is in its early stages and stressing the need for better reporting to fill gaps in care delivery and implementation. This knowledge is crucial for researchers, clinicians and decision-makers in assessing the applicability and transferability of MoCs to primary healthcare settings.

Early Mobilization Decision after an Acute Ischemic Stroke: Protocol for an Umbrella Review.

INTRODUCTION: Stroke is considered one of the greatest public health challenges worldwide, with the ischemic subtype being the most prevalent. Various acute stroke clinical guidelines recommend early rehabilitation interventions, including very early mobilization. However, despite the studies conducted in recent years regarding when to initiate mobilization after an acute stroke, there are few systematic and personalized protocols based on the factors for which patient mobilization should ideally be performed. We aim to conduct an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analyses to study the early mobilization decision after an acute ischemic stroke in comparison with conventional care and correlate the different approaches with patient clinical outcomes. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: We will perform a systematic search on PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Epistemonikos and Web of Science Core Collection databases. Retrieved studies will be independently reviewed by two authors and any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or with a third reviewer. Reviewers will extract the data and assess the risk of bias in the selected studies. We will use the 16-item Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR2) checklist as the critical appraisal tool to assess cumulative evidence and risk of bias of the different studies. This will be the first umbrella review that compares early mobilization approaches in post-acute ischemic stroke. This study may help to define the optimal early mobilization strategy in stroke patients. PROSPERO registration number: CRD42023430494.

Noninvasive transcranial brain stimulation in central post-stroke pain: A systematic review.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this systematic review is to analyze the efficacy of noninvasive brain stimulation (NBS) in the treatment of central post-stroke pain (CPSP). METHODS: We included randomized controlled trials testing the efficacy of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) or transcranial direct current stimulation versus placebo or other usual therapy in patients with CPSP. Articles in English, Portuguese, Spanish, Italian, and French were included. A bibliographic search was independently conducted on June 1, 2022, by two authors, using the databases MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection. The risk of bias was assessed using the second version of the Cochrane risk of bias (RoB 2) tool and the certainty of the evidence was evaluated through Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: A total of 2,674 records were identified after removing duplicates, of which 5 eligible studies were included, involving a total of 119 patients. All five studies evaluated repetitive TMS, four of which stimulated the primary motor cortex (M1) and one stimulated the premotor/dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. Only the former one reported a significant pain reduction in the short term, while the latter one was interrupted due to a consistent lack of analgesic effect. CONCLUSION: NBS in the M1 area seems to be effective in reducing short-term pain; however, more high-quality homogeneous studies, with long-term follow-up, are required to determine the efficacy of this treatment in CSPS.

Effectiveness of specific scapular therapeutic exercises in patients with shoulder pain: a systematic review with meta-analysis.

Background: Therapeutic exercise has been considered a useful tool to rehabilitate shoulder pain, namely through its influence on scapular dynamics. Accordingly, the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercise needs to be explored. The present study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of scapular therapeutic exercises in shoulder pain and to identify the most effective exercise type (focal or multijoint) and ways of delivering them (as dose and progression). Methods: Search was conducted at EMBASE, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via PubMed, Web of Science, PEDro (Physiotherapy Evidence Database), and trial registration databases. The meta-analysis considered randomized controlled/crossover trials that compared the effect of scapular exercises against other types of intervention in the shoulder pain, shoulder function, scapular motion, and/or muscular activity. The risk of bias was assessed through the PEDro scale. Results: From the 8318 records identified, 8 (high to low risk of bias- scoring from 4 to 8 on the PEDro scale) were included. The overall data, before sensitivity analysis, indicated that the scapular therapeutic exercises are: a) more effective than comparators in improving shoulder function (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.52 [95% Cl: 0.05, 0.99], P = .03, I2 = 76%); and b) as effective as comparators in reducing shoulder pain (SMD = 0.32 [95% Cl: -0.09, 0.73], P = .13, I2 = 70%). Subgroup analysis revealed that scapular exercises are more effective in improving shoulder function when the program duration is equal to or higher than 6 weeks (SMD = 0.43 [95% Cl: 0.09, 0.76] P = .01, I2 = 21%) and/or when the maximum number of exercise repetitions per session is lower than 30 (SMD = 0.79 [95% Cl: 0.15, 1.42], P = .01, I2 = 77%). Only 1 study considered scapular motion as an outcome measure, revealing therapeutic exercise effectiveness to improve scapular range of motion. Conclusions: Intervention programs involving scapular therapeutic exercises are effective in improving shoulder function, presenting benefits when performed for 6 or more weeks and/or when used up to a maximum of 30 repetitions per exercise, per session.

Prediction of extracapsular extension of prostate cancer by MRI radiomic signature: a systematic review.

The objective of this review is to survey radiomics signatures for detecting pathological extracapsular extension (pECE) on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) who underwent prostatectomy. Scientific Literature databases were used to search studies published from January 2007 to October 2023. All studies related to PCa MRI staging and using radiomics signatures to detect pECE after prostatectomy were included. Systematic review was performed according to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analyses (PRISMA). The risk of bias and certainty of the evidence was assessed using QUADAS-2 and the radiomics quality score. From 1247 article titles screened, 16 reports were assessed for eligibility, and 11 studies were included in this systematic review. All used a retrospective study design and most of them used 3 T MRI. Only two studies were performed in more than one institution. The highest AUC of a model using only radiomics features was 0.85, for the test validation. The AUC for best model performance (radiomics associated with clinical/semantic features) varied from 0.72-0.92 and 0.69-0.89 for the training and validation group, respectively. Combined models performed better than radiomics signatures alone for detecting ECE. Most of the studies showed a low to medium risk of bias. After thorough analysis, we found no strong evidence supporting the clinical use of radiomics signatures for identifying extracapsular extension (ECE) in pre-surgery PCa patients. Future studies should adopt prospective multicentre approaches using large public datasets and combined models for detecting ECE. CRITICAL RELEVANT STATEMENT: The use of radiomics algorithms, with clinical and AI integration, in predicting extracapsular extension, could lead to the development of more accurate predictive models, which could help improve surgical planning and lead to better outcomes for prostate cancer patients. PROTOCOL OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: PROSPERO CRD42021272088. Published: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052342 . KEY POINTS: Radiomics can extract diagnostic features from MRI to enhance prostate cancer diagnosis performance. The combined models performed better than radiomics signatures alone for detecting extracapsular extension. Radiomics are not yet reliable for extracapsular detection in PCa patients.

The Twitter factor: How does Twitter impact #Stroke journals and citation rates?

BACKGROUND: Twitter is a social media platform popularly used by health practitioners, a trend that has been followed by medical journals. The impact of Twitter in bibliometrics of stroke-related literature is yet to be determined. AIMS: We aimed to qualitatively assess the usage of Twitter by stroke journals and study the relationship between Twitter activity and citation rates of stroke articles. METHODS: We used Journal Citation Reports to identify stroke journals. We collected the 2021 Impact Factor (IF) and the top 50 articles contributing to each journal IF. Relevant metrics were collected through Twitonomy, Altmetric, and Web of Science. The association between Twitter activity and citation rates was tested by a negative binomial regression model adjusted to journal's IF. A bivariate correlation and a log-linear regression model adjusted to journal's IF tested the relationship between number of tweets, tweeters, and the number of citations. RESULTS: We collected 450 articles across nine stroke-dedicated journals, five of which had a Twitter account. Only 95 (21%) articles had no Twitter mentions. The median number of citations in articles with versus without Twitter activity was 19 (10-39) versus 11(7-17) (P < 0.001). Twitter activity was associated with higher citation rates controlling for the IF (odds ratio (OR): 2.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 2.12-3.38, P < 0.001). We found number of tweets to be predicted by the number of citations controlling for the IF (B = 0.33, 95% CI 0.29-0.40, ß = 0.54, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Tweeted stroke articles tend to have higher citation rates which can be predicted by the number of tweets.

Implementation of digital health in rural populations with chronic musculoskeletal conditions: A scoping review protocol.

Musculoskeletal conditions are a major source of disability worldwide, and its burden have been rising in the last decades. Rural areas, in particular, are associated with higher prevalence of these conditions as well as higher levels of disability, which is likely related to other determinants that affect these communities. Although digital health has been identified as a potential solution to mitigate the impact of these determinants, it is also known that these populations may face barriers that limit the implementation of these interventions. Therefore, the aim of this scoping review is to comprehensively map the evidence regarding the implementation of digital health interventions in rural populations with chronic musculoskeletal conditions. We will include studies published from the year 2000; that report the use of digital interventions that promote prevention, treatment or monitoring of any chronic musculoskeletal condition or chronic pain from musculoskeletal origin, in patients that live in rural areas. This protocol follows the methodological framework for scoping reviews proposed by Arksey and O'Malley, as well as the Joana Briggs Institute (JBI) approach. We will conduct the search on Medline (PubMed), EMBASE, Web of Science and Scopus, as well as grey literature databases. Two independent reviewers will screen titles and abstracts followed by a full-text review to assess the eligibility of the articles. Data extracted will include the identification of the digital interventions used, barriers and enablers identified by the patients or healthcare providers, the patient-level outcomes measured, and the implementation strategies and outcomes reported. By mapping the evidence on the implementation of digital health interventions in rural communities with musculoskeletal conditions, this scoping review will enhance our understanding of their applicability in real-world settings.

Computed Tomography versus Sleep Endoscopy (DISE) to Predict the Effectiveness of Mandibular Advancement Devices in Adult Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Protocol for Systematic Review.

Obstructive sleep apnea is a sleep disorder with a high prevalence in the world population. The mandibular advancement device is one of the options for treating obstructive sleep apnea. Neck computed tomography and drug-induced sleep endoscopy are complementary diagnostic tests that may help predict the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices. This study aims to analyze the best method for predicting the effectiveness of mandibular advancement devices in the therapeutic approach to obstructive sleep apnea. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science Core Collection databases will be comprehensively searched. We will include randomized clinical trials, non-randomized prospective or retrospective clinical studies, case controls, cohort studies, and case series. Two authors will independently conduct data extraction and assess the literature quality of the studies. The analysis of the included literature will be conducted by Revman 5.3 software. The outcomes that will be analyzed are craniofacial characteristics, cephalometric assessments, site and type of obstruction of the upper airway, mean values of the apnea-hypopnea index, and SaO2 verified in the initial and follow-up polysomnography. This study will provide reliable, evidence-based support for the clinical application of mandibular advancement devices for obstructive sleep apnea.

Diagnostic accuracy of CT angiography and CT perfusion imaging for detecting distal medium vessel occlusions: Protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) represent 25-40% of all acute ischemic strokes (AIS). DMVO clinical syndromes are heterogenous, but as eloquent brain regions are frequently involved, they are often disabling. Since current intravenous fibrinolytic therapies may fail to recanalize up to two-thirds of DMVOs, endovascular treatment is progressively being considered in this setting. Nevertheless, the optimal imaging method for diagnosis remains to be defined. Stroke centers that use computed tomography as a routine stroke imaging approach rely on either isolated computed tomography angiography (CTA) or combined perfusion (CTP) studies. Despite a simplified non-CTP-dependent approach seeming reasonable for large vessel occlusion AIS diagnosis, CTP may still hold advantages for DMVOs workup. Therefore, this systematic review aims to compare the diagnostic performance of CTA and CTP in detecting DMVOs. METHODS: We will perform a systematic search in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. In addition, grey literature and ClinicalTrials.gov will be scanned. We will include any type of study that presents data on the diagnostic accuracy of CTA and/or CTP for detecting DMVOs. Two authors will independently review retrieved studies, and any discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or with a third reviewer. Reviewers will extract the data and assess the risk of bias in the selected studies. Data will be combined in a quantitative meta-analysis following the guidelines provided by the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions. We will assess cumulative evidence using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) approach. DISCUSSION: This will be the first systematic review and meta-analysis that compares two different imaging approaches for detecting DMVOs. This study may help to define optimal acute ischemic stroke imaging work-up. TRIAL REGISTRATION: PROSPERO registration: CRD42022344006.

CTA and CTP for Detecting Distal Medium Vessel Occlusions: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: The optimal imaging method for detecting distal medium vessel occlusions (DMVOs) remains undefined. PURPOSE: The objective of this study is to compare the diagnostic performance of CTA with CTP in detecting DMVOs. DATA SOURCES: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science Core Collection, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials up to March 31, 2023 (PROSPERO: CRD42022344006). STUDY SELECTION: A total of 12 studies reporting accuracy values of CTA and/or CTP were included, comprising 2607 patients with 479 cases (18.3%) of DMVOs. DATA ANALYSIS: Pooled sensitivity and specificity of both imaging methods were compared using a random-effects model. Subgroup analyses were performed based on the technique used in CTA (multi or single-phase) and the subtype of DMVOs (M2-only vs. M2 and other DMVOs). We applied Quality Assessment of Diagnostic Accuracy (QUADAS-2) tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) quality assessment criteria. DATA SYNTHESIS: CTA demonstrated significantly lower sensitivity compared to CTP in detecting DMVOs [0.74, 95%CI (0.63-0.82) vs. 0.89, 95% CI (0.82-0.93), P < 0.01]. When subgrouped into single-phase and multi-phase CTA, multi-phase CTA exhibited higher sensitivity for DMVO detection than single-phase CTA [0.91, 95%CI (0.85-0.94) vs. 0.64, 95%CI (0.56-0.71), P < .01], while reaching similar levels to CTP. The sensitivity of single-phase CTA substantially decreased when extending from M2 to other non-M2 DMVOs [0.74, 95%CI (0.63-0.83) vs. 0.61, 0.95%CI (0.53-0.68), P = .02]. LIMITATIONS: We identified an overall high risk of bias and low quality of evidence, attributable to the design and reference standards of most studies. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings highlight a significantly lower sensitivity of single-phase CTA compared to multi-phase CTA and CTP in diagnosing DMVOs.

The effects of physical exercise on axial spondyloarthritis - a systematic review.

AIM: To collect and summarize the available scientific evidence that evaluates the effects of physical exercise interventions on axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). METHODS: A systematic review was conducted in accordance to the guidance of Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic review and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) to collect randomized controlled trials on the PubMed, Embase and Web of Science Core Collection databases. The search strategy included terms regarding physical exercise interventions targeted to axSpA participants and all of its variants in multiple combinations adapted to each one of the databases regarding its own special requirements. Several outcomes were defined: Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI), Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index (BASFI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score), C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36) and the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life questionnaire (ASQoL). Two independent researchers screened the titles and abstracts followed by full-text analysis when suitable, using EndnoteTM online. Selected articles, according to exclusion/inclusion criteria defined, were submitted to data extraction and bias assessment was performed for each study's outcomes using the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials. RESULTS: A total of 2063 articles were identified through the electronic databases search. After removal of duplicates, 1435 were eligible for screening, of which 45 articles went through full text evaluation. Only 24 articles met the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Physical exercise contributes for a statistically significant improvement of BASDAI in 13 studies, BASFI in 10, BASMI in 6, ASDAS in 3, CRP in 2, ESR in 1, SF-36 in 2 and ASQoL in 3.No major adverse effects were reported and an overall benefit was noted with the implementation of physical exercise as a treatment modality for axSpA. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise seems to be an effective non-pharmacological therapy for axSpA, with positive effects in disease activity, physical function, and quality of life.

Key factors for effective implementation of healthcare workers support interventions after patient safety incidents in health organisations: a scoping review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to map and frame the main factors present in support interventions successfully implemented in health organisations in order to provide timely and adequate response to healthcare workers (HCWs) after patient safety incidents (PSIs). DESIGN: Scoping review guided by the six-stage approach proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and by PRISMA-ScR. DATA SOURCES: CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, Epistemonikos, PsycINFO, PubMed, SciELO Citation Index, Scopus, Web of Science Core Collection, reference lists of the eligible articles, websites and a consultation group. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Empirical studies (original articles) were prioritised. We used the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool Version 2018 to conduct a quality assessment of the eligible studies. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS: A total of 9766 records were retrieved (last update in November 2022). We assessed 156 articles for eligibility in the full-text screening. Of these, 29 earticles met the eligibility criteria. The articles were independently screened by two authors. In the case of disagreement, a third author was involved. The collected data were organised according to the Organisational factors, People, Environment, Recommendations from other Audies, Attributes of the support interventions. We used EndNote to import articles from the databases and Rayyan to support the screening of titles and abstracts. RESULTS: The existence of an organisational culture based on principles of trust and non-judgement, multidisciplinary action, leadership engagement and strong dissemination of the support programmes' were crucial factors for their effective implementation. Training should be provided for peer supporters and leaders to facilitate the response to HCWs' needs. Regular communication among the implementation team, allocation of protected time, funding and continuous monitoring are useful elements to the sustainability of the programmes. CONCLUSION: HCWs' well-being depends on an adequate implementation of a complex group of interrelated factors to support them after PSIs.