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INTRODUCTION: As the largest profession within the healthcare industry, nursing and midwifery workforce (NMW) provides comprehensive healthcare to children and their families. This study quantified the independent role of NMW in reducing under-5 mortality rate (U5MR) worldwide. DESIGN: A retrospective, observational and correlational study to examine the independent role of NMW in protecting against U5MR. METHODS: Within 266 "countries", the cross-sectional correlations between NMW and U5MR were examined with scatter plots, Pearson's r, nonparametric, partial correlation and multiple regression. The affluence, education and urban advantages were considered as the potential competing factors for the NMW-U5MR relationship. The NMW-U5MR correlations in both developing and developed countries were explored and compared. RESULTS: Bivariate correlations revealed that NMW negatively and significantly correlated to U5MR worldwide. When the contributing effects of economic affluence, urbanization and education were removed, the independent NMW role in reducing U5MR remained significant. NMW independently explained 9.36% U5MR variance. Multilinear regression selected NMW as a significant factor contributing an extra 3% of explanation to U5MR variance when NMW, affluence, education and urban advantage were incorporated as the predicting variables. NMW correlated with U5MR significantly more strongly in developing countries than in developed countries. CONCLUSION: NMW, indexing nursing and midwifery service, was a significant factor for reducing U5MR worldwide. This beneficial effect explained 9.36% of U5MR variance which was independent of economic affluence, urbanization and education. The NMW may be a more significant risk factor for protecting children from dying under 5 years old in developing countries. As a strategic response to the advocacy of the United Nations to reduce child mortality, it is worthy for health authorities to consider a further extension of nurses and midwives' practice scope to enable communities to have more access to NMW healthcare services.
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Mortalidade da Criança , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Estudos Retrospectivos , Pré-Escolar , Feminino , Mortalidade da Criança/tendências , Lactente , Saúde da Criança/estatística & dados numéricos , Papel do Profissional de Enfermagem , Tocologia/estatística & dados numéricos , Países em Desenvolvimento/estatística & dados numéricos , Recém-Nascido , Enfermeiros Obstétricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Criança , MasculinoRESUMO
PURPOSE: As the largest profession within the health care workforce, nurses and midwives play a critical role in the health and wellness of families especially children and infants. This study suggests those countries with higher nurse and midwife densities (NMD) had lower infant mortality rates (IMR). DESIGN AND METHODS: With affluence, low birthweight and urbanization incorporated as potential confounders, this ecological study analyzed the correlations between NMD and IMR with scatterplots, Pearson r correlation, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models. Countries were also grouped for analysing and comparing their Pearson's coefficients. RESULTS: NMD inversely and significantly correlated to IMR worldwide. This relationship remained significant independent of the confounders, economic affluence, low birthweight and urbanization. Explaining 57.19% of IMR variance, high NMD was implicated in significantly reducing the IMR. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: Countries with high NMD had lower IMRs both worldwide and with special regard to developing countries. This may interest healthcare policymakers, especially those from developing countries, to consider the impacts of global nursing and midwifery staffing shortages. Nurses and midwives are the group of healthcare professionals who spend most with infants and their carers. This may be another alert for the health authorities to extend nurses and midwives' practice scope for promoting infant health.
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Saúde Global , Mortalidade Infantil , Tocologia , Humanos , Lactente , Feminino , Recém-Nascido , Masculino , Enfermeiros Obstétricos/estatística & dados numéricos , Gravidez , Países em DesenvolvimentoRESUMO
Worldwide, the role of nursing workforce in reducing COVID-19 case fatality ratio (CFR) is analyzed with scatter plots, Pearson's r and nonparametric, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models. The potential confounders, median age, health expenditure, physician density, and urbanization were incorporated for calculating the independent role of nursing workforce in protecting against COVID-19 CFR. The study findings suggested that (1) the nursing workforce inversely and significantly correlates with COVID-19 CFR; (2) this relationship remained independent of the confounding effects of each individual confounder or their combination; (3) Nursing workforce was the only variable identified as a significant contributor for reducing COVID-19 CFR, when it was incorporated into stepwise regression model with health expenditure, median age, physician density, and urbanization for analyzing their individual predicting effects on COVID-19 CFR. A strong message for the health authorities is that, although in shortage, nursing workforce showed their significant role in reducing COVID-19 deaths worldwide. This study highlights that the role of nursing workforce should be incorporated into population health research.
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COVID-19 , Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , SARS-CoV-2 , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To explore the perceptions of nursing students regarding the treatment of men in nursing during their clinical placement. BACKGROUND: Negative placement experiences of men who are nursing students is a risk factor for student attrition. Hence, exploring gender disparity in treatment during placement from both men and women studying nursing will contribute to improving student experience and reducing attrition. DESIGN: Survey capturing both quantitative and qualitative data. METHODS: Nursing students were surveyed between July and September 2021 across 16 Schools of Nursing in Australia. In addition to the Clinical Learning Environment Inventory (CLEI-19), an open-ended question explored if men received different treatment during clinical placement. RESULTS: Those who expressed difference in treatment of men were less satisfied with their clinical learning experience (p < .001). Of the 486 (39.6%) who responded to the open-ended question, 152 (31%) indicated a difference in the treatment of men, reporting that men received: (a) better (39%); (b) different, not exclusively better or worse (19%); and (c) worse (42%) treatment from either the clinical facilitator or ward staff. While both men and women perceived gender differences in the treatment of men during placement, men were more likely to report worse treatment. CONCLUSION: Despite the advances achieved in recruiting men in nursing, negative experiences during clinical placement are characterised by stereotypes, prejudice and discrimination, adversely impact retention. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Nurse educators need to recognise specific support students require during placement regardless of gender. Our findings reinforce the adverse impacts of inequitable treatment on both men and women nursing students on learning, clinical performance, morale and ultimately on retention in the nursing workforce. Addressing gender stereotyping and discrimination in the undergraduate nursing program is an important step in promoting diversity and inclusivity in the nursing workforce.
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Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Masculino , Humanos , Feminino , Estudos Transversais , Aprendizagem , Austrália , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: Previous studies have not fully reported the strength and independency of the correlation of nursing workforce to life expectancy. This study advances that nursing workforce is a major independent contributor to life expectancy at birth (LEB) globally and regionally. DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted at population level. SAMPLE: Ecological data were extracted from the United Nations agencies for 215 populations. Each population is considered a research subject. MEASUREMENTS: The correlation between nursing workforce and LEB was analyzed with scatter plots, bivariate correlation, partial correlation, and multiple linear regression analyses, Analysis of Variance post hoc and independent T-test. Economic affluence, urban lifestyle and obesity were included as the potential confounders in this study. INTERVENTION: Not applicable RESULTS: Nursing workforce correlated to LEB and this relationship remained regardless of the competition of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity. Second to economic affluence, nursing workforce showed the greatest influence on LEB. In total, 64.50% of LEB was explained in this study. Nursing workforce was a determinant of regional variations of LEB. CONCLUSIONS: Nursing workforce may be a significant contributor to LEB globally and regionally. This contribution was independent of the potential confounding effects of economic affluence, urbanization, and obesity.
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Expectativa de Vida , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Estudos Transversais , Recursos HumanosRESUMO
AIM: Compare roles of nurses and midwives and physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths measured with a case fatality ratio. BACKGROUND: The roles and responsibilities of different health disciplines to the COVID-19 pandemic vary. While more difficult to measure, objective assessments of discipline contributions of nurses and midwives and physicians can be viewed through statistical analysis. METHODS: Population-level data are analysed with scatter plots, bivariate correlations, partial correlation and multiple linear regression models to illustrate the contributions of nurses and midwives and physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths. The role of nurses and midwives and physicians in protecting the community against COVID-19 deaths is explored and compared using competing effects of affluence, age and urbanization. Data analysis software programs include Excel v.2016, SPSS v.28 and Fisher r-to-z transformation. RESULTS: Nurses and midwives reduce COVID-19 deaths significantly more than physicians. This difference remains while controlling for physician care, economic affluence, median age and urbanization individually or in combination. In contrast, the role of physicians in reducing COVID-19 deaths is less independent than nurses and midwives. Linear regression results insinuate when nursing and physician care are collated together with other predicting factors, physicians' contribution to community protection against COVID-19 case fatality ratio is statistically explained by nursing and midwifery care. DISCUSSION: Unlike physicians, the nursing and midwifery workforce is bigger and located throughout all healthcare system levels and, therefore, is more accessible to the community. This is an important point in explaining the contribution of nurses and midwives to reducing COVID-19 deaths when compared with physicians. CONCLUSION: This study suggests that, worldwide, the nursing and midwifery workforce may play a more significant role in protecting the community against COVID-19 deaths than physicians. IMPLICATIONS FOR HEALTH POLICY, NURSING AND MIDWIFERY PRACTICE: The findings from this study offer a unique perspective for health authorities to further understand the complementary and independent role of the nursing and midwifery workforce in respect of the healthcare team. This study suggests the importance of a broader range of healthcare services, especially during the pandemic, for example, COVID-19. With the permission of health authorities, the nursing and midwifery workforce should have further extension of their scope of practice in situations such as pandemics due to their broader access to the community.
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COVID-19 , Tocologia , Médicos , Feminino , Humanos , Gravidez , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Atenção à Saúde , Pandemias/prevenção & controleRESUMO
AIMS: The aims of this study were to develop an understanding of the lived experience of the Post Anaesthetic Unit Recovery Nurse facilitating Advanced Directives and implications for patient-centred care. DESIGN: Interpretive phenomenological analysis. METHODS: Homogenized purposive sampling of six Registered Nurses using in-depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were conducted between June-July 2018. Analysis was performed using interpretive phenomenology analysis. RESULTS: Post Anaesthetic Recovery Nurses experienced a 'Grey Zone' when facilitating Advanced Directives postanaesthetic. The 'Grey Zone' is defined through four themes; The 'Trigger' of the anaesthetic characterized by physiological instability; 'Confusion and Frustration' featuring balancing of roles as a clinician and advocate during patient decline; 'Consistent Paternalism' by medical staff in the consideration of Advanced Directives; and 'Disempowerment' where nurses faced issues of advocacy, personal distress, a lack of literature or protocols, and handover of information. CONCLUSION: The lived experience of nurses facilitating Advanced Directives postanaesthetic may be distressing. Further research is required to understand the implications of Advanced Directives following an anaesthetic. Education and development of protocols are recommended to optimize patient-centred care. IMPACT: Post Anaesthetic Unit Recovery Nurses experienced a 'Grey Zone' when facilitating Advanced Directives, defined through four themes. Advanced Directives may appear to be clear, however, the anaesthetic may trigger physiological instability leading to confusion and frustration in interpretation and application of Advanced Directives. Confusion and Frustration were experienced while the attitudes of Consistent Paternalism were encountered when advocating for patient wishes, resulting in Disempowerment. Post Anaesthetic Unit Recovery Nurses may become empowered through acknowledging and describing the 'Grey Zone'.
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Anestésicos , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Diretivas Antecipadas , HumanosRESUMO
AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: To evaluate whether a set of oral health resources designed for workforce training was relevant for students undertaking an entry-level nursing or aged care qualification. BACKGROUND: Oral health is one of the most neglected aspects of nursing care experienced by older people. Despite efforts to improve aged care worker oral health knowledge and skills, one-off training and rapid staff turnover have hindered the success of workplace programmes. Inadequate oral health content in entry-level nursing and aged care qualifications has perpetuated this. DESIGN: Kirkpatrick's training and evaluation model was used to evaluate the resources developed by a project called Building Better Oral Health Communities. Students used them as prescribed study materials and completed pre- and postintervention questionnaires. Educators were interviewed to obtain their feedback. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Qualitative data were collated according to relevance to learning, presentation style and interest. RESULTS: Evaluation showed high levels of student and educator satisfaction. Student learning outcomes demonstrated consistently positive attitudes and significant self-reported improvements in oral health knowledge and skills. Irrespective of course type, students gained similar levels of oral health knowledge and skills following use of the resources. CONCLUSION: Nurses and care workers must be able to provide consistent standards of oral health care as a fundamental part of caring for patients. Validated as an effective learning and teaching package, it is recommended that these resources be used to strengthen the oral health content of entry-level nursing and aged care qualifications. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE: Building the oral health capacity of nurses and care workers is one way of reversing oral health neglect and improving the quality of care provided to older people.
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Competência Clínica/normas , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Saúde Bucal/educação , Feminino , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Humanos , Masculino , Avaliação de Resultados em Cuidados de Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estudantes , Estudantes de Enfermagem/estatística & dados numéricos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosAssuntos
Condução de Veículo , Assunção de Riscos , Privação do Sono , Estudantes de Medicina , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Adulto , Feminino , Humanos , MasculinoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Coding for gerunds is useful in developing theory in grounded theory. However, it can be confusing for the novice researcher to recognise these words, which consider actions more abstractly. AIM: To explain how to identify, analyse and code gerunds, using the example of a constructivist grounded theory study investigating the design of operating rooms. DISCUSSION: Coding for gerunds helped to illustrate participants' actions and sequences in the example study and added depth to the researcher's understanding of certain topics. CONCLUSION: Coding gerunds can improve the insights obtained in grounded theory studies. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: This article may encourage nurse researchers to focus on actions to add depth to their qualitative analyses.
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Teoria Fundamentada , Humanos , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Pesquisa em Enfermagem/métodosRESUMO
AIM: To describe an example of qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) in a study about the role of clinical placement, nursing education and patient outcomes. BACKGROUND: Clinical placement is often considered an essential aspect of nursing education and an invaluable way to prepare students for the reality of nursing. However, many questions about the role of clinical placement remain unanswered, such as duration, style and learning outcomes. QCA is a novel approach to data analysis, which has been used for some time in social science research, and may be useful in tackling such questions. DATA SOURCES: Participants (n= 16) involved in a case study using questionnaire, in-depth interview and document analysis. REVIEW METHODS: Few examples of QCA exist in nursing-related research. Examination of approaches to social sciences and educational research, and the conditions that influence nursing education and clinical placement were conducted via a number of online database searches. DISCUSSION: The paper presents an example of how QCA was used to consider whether there is any causal relationship between certain features of clinical placement, such as duration, level of preparation, level of benefit, and the capacity of recently graduated registered nurses to provide a range of nursing interventions for pneumonia, falls and pressure-area care. Effective and contemporary curriculum design requires examination of the components of clinical placement that influence graduates and their learning, particularly important at a time when access to the clinical placement setting is becoming increasingly difficult. This paper should stimulate nurse researchers to consider the potential for QCA and case study in addressing many of the complex questions that lend themselves to research designs with small numbers of participants. CONCLUSION: This paper will be of interest to nurse researchers looking for innovative approaches to data analysis and educators responsible for curriculum design and the delivery of clinical placement experience. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: A greater understanding of the role o f clinical placement experiences inthe education of nurses has direct implications for the provision of better health care.
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Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Pesquisa em Educação em Enfermagem/normas , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Estatística como Assunto/métodos , Estatística como Assunto/normas , Humanos , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Representing over 50% of the healthcare workforce, nurses provide care to people at all ages. This study advances, at a population level, that high levels of nursing services, measured by nurse density may significantly promote population ageing measured by the percentage of a population over 65 years of age (65yo%). METHODS: Population level data was examined to explore the correlation between nurse density and 65yo%. The confounding impacts on ageing such as the effects of economic affluence, physician density, fertility rate, obesity and urban advantages were also considered. Scatter plots, bivariate correlation, partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses were performed for examining the correlations. RESULTS: Nurse density correlated to 65yo%; this relationship was independent of other influences such as fertility rate, economic affluence, obesity prevalence, physician density and urban advantages. Second to fertility rate, nursing density had the greatest influence on 65yo%. The predicting and confounding variables explain 74.4% of the total 65yo% variance. The universal correlations identified in country groupings suggest that low nurse density may be a significant global concern. CONCLUSIONS: While nurse density might contribute significantly to 65yo% globally, the effect was more prominent in developed countries. Ironically, countries with higher nurse densities and therefore greater levels of 65yo%, were countries with an increased need for more nursing staff. To highlight the profound implications for the role the nursing profession plays especially at a time of global nursing shortage, further study into the effects of long-run elasticity of nurse staffing level on population ageing may be needed. For instance, what percentage of nursing staff increase would be required to meet every 1% increase of an ageing population.
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Recursos Humanos de Enfermagem , Humanos , Países Desenvolvidos , Envelhecimento , Obesidade , Admissão e Escalonamento de PessoalRESUMO
Consumption of red meat instead of white meat has typically been associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Reflecting actual diet patterns, this study explored the role of total meat (red + white) in predicting CVD incidence. Data from 217 countries were extracted from United Nations agencies for the analyses in five steps. Bivariate correlations were applied to examine the relationship between total meat and CVD incidence globally and regionally. Partial correlation was applied to identify that total meat was an independent predictor of CVD incidence while socioeconomic status, obesity, and urbanization were statistically constant. Stepwise linear regression was conducted for selecting the significant predictor of CVD incidence. SPSS 28 and Microsoft Excel were used for correlation analyses. Globally, total meat correlated to CVD incidence strongly and significantly in bivariate correlation models. This relationship remained significant in partial correlation when socioeconomic status, obesity, and urbanization were statistically kept constant. Stepwise multiple regression identified that, second to socioeconomic status, total meat was a significant predictor of CVD incidence. Total meat correlated to CVD incidence in different country groupings. However, the correlations between total meat and CVD incidence were significantly stronger in developing countries than in developed countries. Worldwide, total meat (flesh) consumption correlated to CVD incidence independently, but significantly stronger in developing countries than in developed countries. This correlation is worth exploring further in longitudinal cohort studies.
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This study highlights that the contribution of nursing is secondary to physicians in overall population health (indexed with life expectancy at birth, e(0)). Scatter plots, bivariate correlation and partial correlation models were performed to analyse the correlations between e(0) and physician healthcare and nursing healthcare respectively. Affluence, urbanization and obesity were incorporated as the potential confounders. The Fisher's r-to-z transformation was conducted for comparing the correlations. Multiple linear regression analyses were implemented for modelling that physicians' contributions to e(0) explain nurses'. Nursing healthcare correlated to e(0) significantly less strongly than physician healthcare in simple regressions. Nursing healthcare was in weak or negligible correlation to e(0) when physician healthcare was controlled individually or together with the three confounders. Physician healthcare remains significantly correlational to e(0) when nursing healthcare alone was controlled or when the three confounders were controlled. Linear regression revealed that nursing healthcare was a significant predictor for e(0) when physician healthcare was "not added" for modelling, but this predicting role became negligible when physician healthcare was "added". Our study findings suggested that nurses still work under the direction of physicians due to lack of autonomy. Without correction, health services will continue to transmit the invisibility of nursing healthcare from one generation of nurses to another.
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Comportamento Cooperativo , Médicos , Recém-Nascido , Humanos , Atenção à Saúde , Instalações de SaúdeRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Graduate nurses are known to experience transition shock when they enter the workforce. Graduate nurse programs are designed to alleviate aspects of transition shock. METHOD: Best practice in development and delivery of transition programs is currently limited in the literature, and there are few examples focusing on curriculum design that can be adapted by health services to develop and support new nurses. RESULTS: An inquiry-based learning approach was used as the underlying andragogy to frame a contemporary transition curriculum to support graduate nurses. CONCLUSION: Inquiry-based learning can be used to support graduate nurses to improve critical thinking, confidence, and job satisfaction during the most challenging years of their professional lives. [J Contin Educ Nurs. 2023;54(6):268-274.].
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Currículo , Enfermeiras e Enfermeiros , Humanos , Recursos Humanos , Local de TrabalhoRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Previous cross-sectional studies generally did not fully consider the potential confounding factors associated with physician impact on overall population health. This ecological study controlled for health, demographic and socioeconomic confounders while using total physician density for predicting overall population health globally and regionally. METHODS: Ecological data were extracted from the United Nations agencies for 215 populations. Considering the competing effects of economic affluence, urban advantages and obesity, correlations between physician density and life expectancy at birth (LEB) were analysed with scatter plots, bivariate correlation, partial correlation and multiple linear regression analyses. Countries are also grouped for exploring the regional correlations between physician density and LEB. RESULTS: Physician density correlates to LEB and this relationship remains regardless of the competition of the individual confounders, economic affluence, urbanization and obesity, or their combination. Physician density has the greatest influence on LEB, while economic affluence is second. Physician density explains 64.89% of LEB in this study. Together with constant bivariate correlations in country groupings, power correlation without a plateau or U shape in the trendline of the scatterplots, suggests that a shortage of physicians is a worldwide issue. CONCLUSIONS: Physician density is a major independent contributor for LEB both globally and with special regard to the developing world. Telehealth may be an alternative to increase physicians' capacity while funding for increasing physician employment is desirable.
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Expectativa de Vida , Médicos , Estudos Transversais , Humanos , Recém-Nascido , Obesidade , Fatores SocioeconômicosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: Misconceptions about men in nursing may influence recruitment and retention, further perpetuating the gender diversity imbalance in the nursing workforce. Identifying misconceptions and implementing early intervention strategies to address these deep-rooted stereotypes remain challenging but is considered critical to support students who are commencing a nursing career. OBJECTIVE: To develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of the 'Gender Misconceptions of meN in nursIng (GEMINI) Scale. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. METHODS: Pre-registration nursing students enrolled in undergraduate nursing programmes across 16 nursing institutions in Australia were surveyed from July to September 2021. The 17-item self-report GEMINI Scale measured the gender misconceptions of men in nursing. RESULTS: Of the 1410 completed surveys, data from 683 (45%) women were used for exploratory factor analysis showing a one factor structure, while data from 727 men (47%) were used for confirmatory factor analysis of the 17-item GEMINI Scale, which showed a good model fit. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha of 0.892). Men were found to have higher gender misconceptions (p < 0.001) while respondents who: (a) identified nursing as their first career choice (p = 0.002); (b) were in their final year of programme enrolment (p = 0.016); and (c) engaged in health-related paid work (p = 0.002) had lower gender misconceptions. CONCLUSION: The GEMINI Scale is a robust, valid, reliable, and easy to administer tool to assess misconceptions about men in nursing, which may potentially influence academic performance and retention. Identifying and addressing specific elements of misconceptions could inform targeted strategies to support retention and decrease attrition among these students. IMPACT STATEMENT: Genderism harms nursing, as well as the men and women working in the profession. Recruitment and retention of men into nursing is needed to cultivate male role models and diversify the workforce, however this is impeded by negative portrayals in popular culture and misconceptions entrenched in society.
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Bacharelado em Enfermagem , Estudantes de Enfermagem , Masculino , Feminino , Humanos , Psicometria , Estudos Transversais , Reprodutibilidade dos Testes , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The affective domain describes learning associated with feelings, values, and emotions. Although this domain was first described in the late 1960s, a significant emphasis on skills and knowledge still remains. This prominence is evident despite global concerns about standards of practice and the place for empathy and care in nursing education. The emergence of newer technologies, such as 360° video, provides an opportunity to revisit the design and delivery of affective learning. METHOD: Using the taxonomy of the affective domain, a 360° video viewed through a virtual reality headset was developed to give nursing and medical students insight on the patient experience and an orientation to the operating room. RESULTS: Careful planning and consideration of how the affective domain can inform design of learning and teaching materials resulted in an engaging and informative learning experience. Being aware of how each level of the domain informs the next is essential to develop effective affective teaching plans. CONCLUSION: Affective learning traditionally has been difficult to deliver and assess. Technology such as 360° video provides an engaging, reproducible, and consistent platform for delivering a domain of education. [J Nurs Educ. 2020;59(7):409-412.].
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Educação em Enfermagem , Aprendizagem , Realidade Virtual , Educação em Enfermagem/métodos , Empatia , Humanos , Estudantes de EnfermagemRESUMO
This article was migrated. The article was marked as recommended. Introduction: Implementing interprofessional learning (IPL) in health profession curriculum is difficult despite widespread acknowledgement of the importance of interprofessional collaborative health care practice. The aim of this study was to develop a balanced scorecard using a Delphi technique to document and monitor implementation of IPL in a faculty of health and medical sciences. Methods/Results: Twenty-four academic teachers and health service clinical supervisors completed two electronic questionnaires as part of a two stage Delphi survey. Consensus (70% agreement/disagreement) was achieved for 27/36 items in round one and for all 10 items in round two. Ten performance metrics were subsequently identified. Discussion: The Delphi was an efficient and effective method for identifying performance metrics for monitoring faculty IPL implementation. With a strong focus on learning outcomes and assessment, the scorecard will enable the faculty to formally monitor implementation of our IPL strategy over time. A follow up process of identifying data sources for reporting against each of the scorecard items has already highlighted gaps in our current practices, predominantly in staff professional development and assessment.
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RATIONALE, AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: Patients with acute abdominal pain are a common presentation in hospital emergency departments; however, international studies have demonstrated that hospitals often lack clinical protocols to guide care. This study aimed to investigate whether Australian hospital emergency departments have acute abdominal pain clinical protocols, identify hospital-level predictors of the presence of these clinical protocols, and assess the quality of protocols. METHODS: A survey was sent to all Australian hospitals with emergency departments, collecting data on hospital characteristics and the presence of acute abdominal pain clinical protocols. Participating hospitals (n = 73, 26% response rate) were also asked to provide a copy of these protocols. The quality of these protocols was assessed using Appraisal of Guidelines for REsearch & Evaluation (AGREE) II. RESULTS: Slightly more than half (n = 40) of the hospitals surveyed had acute abdominal pain clinical protocols, while 16 had a general pain protocol. In binomial logistic regression, two independent variables were related to the presence of a protocol, geographic region (P = 0.008) and advanced practice nurses/nurse practitioners' presence on staff (P = 0.024). The mean score for the overall quality assessment of these protocols was 4.2 on a seven-point Likert scale; in terms of the six domains of quality, "Clarity of presentation" and "Scope and purpose" were highest. The overall quality of clinical protocols increased with remoteness, χ2 (3) = 8.341, P = 0.039, and was lower in hospitals with medical staff on site (U = 2.5, P = 0.007). CONCLUSION: There is a documented standard for pain management of acute abdominal pain in about three quarters of participating Australian emergency departments. The use and quality of clinical protocols is influenced by the physical location of hospitals and staff and skill mix of clinicians.