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1.
Rev Med Suisse ; 16(707): 1733-1736, 2020 Sep 23.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32969607

RESUMO

Due to the rapid spread of the novel coronavirus pandemic, a reorganization of the health care sector was needed. Many questions arose concerning the specificity of psychiatric care in this unprecedented situation. In Geneva, Switzerland, the department of psychiatry decided to open a new ward for its infected patients. Beyond the challenge of setting it up quickly, we faced the challenges of taking care of a heterogeneous group of patients and of incorporating protection measures we were not accustomed to, which add a significant amount of time to the daily care of patients. The staff recruitment on a voluntary basis, close supervision, availability of the personal protective material as well as support from the infection prevention and control unit have enabled proper functioning of the ward.


Devant la vitesse de propagation de la pandémie due au nouveau coronavirus, une réorganisation des systèmes de santé a été nécessaire. De nombreuses questions se sont posées quant à la spécificité de la psychiatrie dans cette situation exceptionnelle. À Genève, le département de psychiatrie a pris la décision d'ouvrir une nouvelle unité de cohortage pour ses patients contaminés. Outre le défi du délai court pour la mettre en place, nous avons été confrontés à celui de prendre en charge une patientèle hétérogène et de devoir appliquer des mesures de protections avec lesquelles nous étions peu familiers, chronophages. Le recrutement de l'équipe sur une base volontaire, un encadrement très présent, la disponibilité du matériel de protection et le soutien du service prévention et contrôle de l'infection ont permis un bon fonctionnement de l'unité.


Assuntos
Infecções por Coronavirus/prevenção & controle , Atenção à Saúde/métodos , Hospitais Psiquiátricos/organização & administração , Pandemias/prevenção & controle , Pneumonia Viral/prevenção & controle , Psiquiatria , Betacoronavirus , COVID-19 , Infecções por Coronavirus/epidemiologia , Infecções por Coronavirus/transmissão , Humanos , Equipamento de Proteção Individual , Pneumonia Viral/epidemiologia , Pneumonia Viral/transmissão , SARS-CoV-2 , Suíça/epidemiologia
2.
Rev Med Suisse ; 14(619): 1660-1664, 2018 Sep 19.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30230774

RESUMO

Negative symptoms in schizophrenia can be categorized in the symptom-dimensions of apathy (avolition, anhedonia and social withdrawal) and reduced expression (blunted affect and alogia). Based on the strong relevance for the quality of life and functional outcome during the course of an illness, a differentiated diagnostic and therapeutic approach is of high importance. Such a differentiation specifies primary negative symptoms (regarded as an integral part of schizophrenia) and secondary negative symptoms (regarded as a result of positive symptoms, comorbid depression, effects of antipsychotic medication, substance abuse or social deprivation). The following overview will summarize the various aspects of negative symptoms and discuss current diagnostic and therapeutic recommendations.


Les symptômes négatifs de la schizophrénie peuvent être classés en catégories de symptômes d'apathie (anhédonie, retrait social, avolition) et de diminution de l'expressivité (alogie et émoussement affectif). Les symptômes négatifs affectent gravement la qualité de vie et le pronostic fonctionnel. Il convient de souligner l'importance d'une différenciation diagnostique entre symptômes négatifs primaires (considérés comme partie intégrante de la physiopathologie schizophrénique) et symptômes négatifs secondaires (considérés comme conséquence de symptômes positifs, d'une dépression, des effets secondaires des antipsychotiques, d'abus de substances ou d'isolement social). Cet article résume les divers aspects des symptômes négatifs et discute les recommandations diagnostiques et thérapeutiques.


Assuntos
Antipsicóticos , Apatia , Esquizofrenia , Psicologia do Esquizofrênico , Anedonia , Humanos , Qualidade de Vida , Esquizofrenia/tratamento farmacológico
3.
Rev Med Suisse ; 13(575): 1597-1600, 2017 Sep 20.
Artigo em Francês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28949105

RESUMO

Mental illness often emerges in young adulthood, usually before the age of 25 years. Early detection and intervention have a positive impact on the evolution of mental illness and quality of life. Specific interventions for this age group are recommended with a focus on ease of access to health care, adaptation to problems facing the young adult, using an integrated medical psycho-social approach. Furthermore, for this population, determination of a specific medical diagnosis does not seem essential, the concept of early stages of mental illness with less specific symptoms often being more useful. The Young Adult Psychiatry Unit in Geneva is built around these concepts and aims to offer, for the young adult with emerging mental illness, a large range of mental health services that are easily accessible.


Les troubles psychiques émergent fréquemment à l'âge du jeune adulte, souvent avant 25 ans. Une détection et une intervention précoces ont un impact positif sur l'évolution des troubles et la qualité de vie. Il est recommandé une prise en charge spécifique à cette tranche d'âge mettant le focus sur la facilité d'accès aux soins, l'adaptation aux problématiques du jeune adulte, avec approches médicale et psychosociale intégrées. En même temps, pour cette population, la détermination d'un diagnostic médical précis ne semble pas essentielle, avec un concept de stade précoce de troubles psychiques sans grande spécificité symptomatique souvent plus adapté. L'Unité de psychiatrie du jeune adulte à Genève s'inspire de ces concepts en visant à proposer aux jeunes adultes présentant des troubles psychiques débutants un large éventail de services, facilement accessibles.


Assuntos
Transtornos Mentais , Serviços de Saúde Mental , Adolescente , Diagnóstico Precoce , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/terapia , Qualidade de Vida , Adulto Jovem
4.
Gen Hosp Psychiatry ; 70: 1-9, 2021.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33631694

RESUMO

OBJECTIVE: Due to the global spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), guidance for the use of psychotropic drugs in this context is necessary. We aimed to review clinical evidence regarding the potential toxicity of psychiatric medications in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. METHODS: A systematic search for all types of empirical studies and reviews in a broad set of electronic databases and trial registries was conducted up to the 15th of August 2020. RESULTS: We identified 3 case series and 4 single-case reports on the occurrence of toxicity induced by various psychotropic drugs (lithium, n = 2; clozapine, n = 5; risperidone n = 2; haloperidol n = 1; duloxetine, n = 1). In addition, we provide a new case report on the possible precipitation of valproic acid-induced hyperammonemic encephalopathy. In most cases, SARS-CoV-2 infection may have precipitated drug toxicity/side effects. The management of toxicity did not diverge from the usually applied principles in the absence of infection. CONCLUSIONS: Due to the limited available evidence and the recent genomic diversity and evolution of the SARS-CoV-2, it is currently not possible to derive evidence-based recommendations for the use of psychotropic drugs in the context of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nevertheless, we provide some guidance based on the reviewed literature. At the current state of knowledge, there is no contraindication for any psychotropic drug. Caution is warranted regarding the dosing and, in particular, the monitoring of clozapine, lithium and valproate.


Assuntos
COVID-19/terapia , Transtornos Mentais/tratamento farmacológico , Psicotrópicos/toxicidade , COVID-19/epidemiologia , Comorbidade , Humanos , Transtornos Mentais/epidemiologia
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