Registration study for the prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage using naoxueshu oral liquid: Protocol for a research study.

BACKGROUND: Naoxueshu oral liquid is the only approved drug for acute treatment of cerebral hemorrhage in China. It has been used widely for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke and acute hemorrhagic stroke. However, safety and efficacy data on the early use of Naoxueshu oral liquid are lacking. The main purpose of this study is to observe the benefit and safety of early use of Naoxueshu oral liquid (< 72 h of cerebral hemorrhage) and offer evidence into the potential superiority of Naoxueshu oral liquid in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, and its healthcare costs. METHODS: This registration study for the prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage using Naoxueshu oral liquid will be a quantitative, prospective, multicenter, observational clinical registry study. We aim to register 2000 patients with cerebral hemorrhage within 7 days of disease onset. This study will be an observational study and not interfere with the medication regimen of participants. Hence, we will not allocate patients. The main observation indicators will be the hematoma volume and the proportion of reduction 14 days post-cerebral hemorrhage (or at hospital discharge), onset of new stroke (ischemic stroke, hemorrhagic stroke) within 12 months of disease onset, independence in everyday life activities (modified Rankin Scale score ≤ 2), total cost during hospitalization, and treatment costs. CONCLUSION: This registration study will offer strong evidence for the efficacy and safety of Naoxueshu oral liquid for the prevention and treatment of cerebral hemorrhage, particularly with regard to early use (72 h after onset). It will offer evidence into the potential advantages of Naoxueshu oral liquid in patients with hemorrhagic stroke, including healthcare costs.

Efficacy and safety of LongShengZhi capsule on functional recovery after acute ischemic stroke (LONGAN): Protocol and statistical analysis plan for a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Due to limited time windows and technical requirements, only a small percentage of patients can receive reperfusion therapy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS). Previous studies have shown that LongShengZhi (LSZ) capsule can improve neurological outcomes in patients after AIS, yet those results have not been finally verified through rigorous randomized controlled trials. Thus, this trial was designed to further clarify the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule for patients with AIS. Methods: LSZ capsule on Functional Recovery after Acute Ischemic Stroke (LONGAN) trial is a prospective, multicenter, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group, superiority trial that enrolls patients from stroke and rehabilitation units in China. We will enroll 1,376 patients aged 18 years or older with AIS within 7 days of symptom onset and a National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) score of 4-15. Eligible patients will be randomized to receive either 2 g LSZ capsules three times a day or placebo LSZ capsules for 90 days. The primary outcome is the proportion of patients with favorable outcomes, as measured by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) 90 days after randomization. The main safety outcome is the proportion of severe adverse events. Conclusion: This study will be the first randomized, double-blind trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule in patients with AIS. In order to improve the transparency and reproducibility of the trial, the data will be analyzed in accordance with this pre-specified plan for statistical analysis to reduce bias due to selective analysis and reporting. This trial aims to provide high-quality evidence for the efficacy and safety of LSZ capsule for AIS.

Revealing Energy Loss and Nonradiative Recombination Pathway in Mixed-Ion Perovskite Solar Cells.

Multiple-cation lead mixed-halide perovskites (MLMPs) with tunable band gaps have been demonstrated as ideal candidates to achieve perovskite solar cells with high efficiencies. It is well-known that a large open-circuit voltage (VOC) loss caused by nonradiative recombination still limits the approach to the Shockley-Queisser limit. However, there are few comprehensive contributions regarding the origin and pathway of nonradiative recombination in n-i-p structured MLMPs. Here, we compare the performance of MLMPs containing different halides and analyze the energy loss and interface trap-assisted nonradiative recombination characterizations. It is found that Br-containing devices with a lower interface trap density of 3.2 × 1013 cm-2 obtain a high VOC of 1.12 V, a small energy loss of 0.02 eV, radiative recombination current density of 8.05 × 10-21 A m-2, and total recombination current density of 22.16 mA cm-2. This work provides an opportunity to understand the device physics and reveals the nature of nonradiative recombination based on experiment and simulation.

Highly stable Na: CsPb(Br,I)3@Al2O3 nanocomposites prepared by a pre-protection strategy.

Among the leading energy materials, metal tri-halide perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) with outstanding optoelectronic properties are at the forefront of current research. However, enormous challenges remain to be addressed, including hazardous components and poor stability, before achieving practical applications of PQDs. Although there are diverse methods to improve the stability of PQDs, it is of central importance to avoid damage during operation. Herein, we develop a pre-protected strategy in which the coating combines the advantages of doping with sodium ions to jointly improve stability. Because the stable Na-rich surface acts as a defence, it protects the PQDs from damage during the coating process; therefore, they retain their initial fluorescence. When employing these Na-rich PQDs as core materials of a coating, the highly fluorescent Na: CsPb(Br,I)3@Al2O3 nanocomposites can maintain good stability even when directly immersed in water or exposed to illumination. Clearly, the combination of these features sheds light on the stabilization and applications of PQDs.

Reversible transformation between CsPbBr3 nanowires and nanoparticles.

We show that CsPbBr3 nanowires (NWs) are formed by the hierarchical arrangement of individual nanoparticles (NPs), and reversible transformation from NWs to NPs is also achieved by anion exchange.

Spray-Coated CsPbBr3 Quantum Dot Films for Perovskite Photodiodes.

Large-area film deposition and high material utilization ratio are the crucial factors for large-scale application of perovskite optoelectronics. Recently, all-inorganic halide perovskite CsPbBr3 has attracted great attention because of its high phase stability, thermal stability, and photostability. However, most reported perovskite devices were fabricated by spin-coating, suffering from a low material utilization ratio of 1% and a small coverage area. Here, we developed a spray-coating technique to fabricate a CsPbBr3 quantum dot (QD) film photodiode which had a high material utilization ratio of 32% and a deposition rate of 9 nm/s. The film growth process was studied, and substrate temperature and spray time were two key factors for the deposition of uniform and crack-free QD films. The spray-coated photodiode was demonstrated to be more suitable for working in the photodetector mode because a low dark current density of 4 × 10-4 mA cm-2 resulting from an extremely low recombination current contributed to a high detectivity of 1 × 1014 Jones. A high responsivity of 3 A W-1 was obtained at -0.7 V under 365 nm illumination, resulting from a low charge-transfer resistance and a high charge recombination resistance. We believe that the spray deposition technique will benefit the fabrication of perovskite QD film optoelectronics on a large scale.