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Objective: To evaluate the in vitro optical performance of three types of non-diffractive extended depth-of-focus (EDoF) intraocular lenses (IOLs). Methods: Experimental study. Three Vivity IOLs, three Eyhance IOLs, and three ES60 IOLs were included. The professional optical bench OptiSpheric® IOL PRO 2 and an ISO-2 corneal model were applied. The through-focus modulation transfer function (MTF) and predicted visual acuity (logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution) of different spatial frequencies and different focuses under apertures of 3.0 mm and 4.5 mm were recorded. The aspheric monofocal (Tecnis ZCB00), diffractive EDoF (Tecnis Symfony), and trifocus (STF1) IOLs, as well as the lowest visual requirement criteria of EDoF IOLs of American Academy of Ophthalmology served as assessment controls. Results: For the 3.0-mm aperture, the peak value of the MTF was highest with ZCB00, followed by Eyhance, ES60, Vivity, Symfony, and STF1. All experimental non-diffractive EDoF IOLs had two MTF peaks, and the distance between both peaks was longest with Vivity (1.76 D), followed by ES60 (1.43 D) and Eyhance (1.36 D). Among the control IOLs, Symfony had two MTF peaks, and the peak MTF of the intermediate focus was highest. STF1 had three MTF peaks, and the peak MTF of the near focus was highest. For the 4.5-mm aperture, the ranking of the MTF peak of the six types of IOLs was the same as that for the 3.0-mm aperture. Vivity had an increased MTF peak of the distance focus, but a decreased intermediate focus MTF peak, while the MTF peaks of the distance, intermediate, and near focuses in the other IOLs decreased, compared to those for the 3.0-mm aperture. The predicted visual acuity of the distance focus of the three types of non-diffractive EDoF IOLs was all better than 0.0. The predicted visual acuity of the intermediate focus of the Vivity IOL and the ES60 IOL was 0.11 and 0.05 better than that of the Eyhance IOL, respectively. Based on the predicted visual acuity of 0.2, Vivity and ES60 had a depth of focus of at least 0.50 D exceeding ZCB00, while Eyhance had a depth of focus of 0.40 D exceeding ZCB00. Conclusions: In the experiments in vitro, the three types of non-diffractive EDoF IOLs exhibited varying degrees of intermediate to near focus optical performance while maintaining distance focus optical performance. The Eyhance IOL showed better distance focus optical performance than ES60 and Vivity IOL. The Vivity IOL and the ES60 IOL showed better depth of focus extensions than the Eyhance IOL and met the lowest visual requirement criteria of EDoF IOLs of American Academy of Ophthalmology.(This article was published ahead of print on the Online-First Publishing Platform for Excellent Scientific Researches of Chinese Medical Association Publishing House on April 29, 2024).
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Lentes Intraoculares , Humanos , Desenho de Prótese , Percepção de Profundidade , Acuidade Visual , Refração Ocular , Óptica e FotônicaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: In cases of sudden death, the prevention of sudden cardiac death and the analysis of the cause of death after sudden cardiac death have always been a difficult problem. Therefore, clinical research and forensic pathological identification of sudden cardiac death are of great significance. In recent years, metabolomics has gradually developed into a popular field of life science research. The detection of "metabolic fingerprints" of biological fluids can provide an important basis for early diagnosis of diseases and the discovery of potential biomarkers. This article reviews the current research status of sudden cardiac death and the research on metabolomics of cardiovascular diseases that is closely related to sudden cardiac death and analyzes the application prospects of metabolomics in the identification of the cause of sudden cardiac death.
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Morte Súbita Cardíaca , Metabolômica , Biomarcadores , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/etiologia , Morte Súbita Cardíaca/prevenção & controle , Patologia Legal , HumanosRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Objective To investigate the correlation between the polymorphism of 4 coagulation-related genes, rs1799963 ï¼coagulation factor V gene Leidenï¼, rs6025 ï¼prothrombin gene G20210Aï¼, rs1042579 ï¼thrombomodulin protein gene c.1418C>Tï¼ and rs1801131 ï¼methylenetetrahydroflate reductase geneï¼ and lower extremity deep venous thrombosis ï¼LEDVTï¼. Methods The 4 genotypes mentioned above of 150 LEDVT patients and 153 healthy controls were detected by the kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction ï¼KASPï¼, then related blood biochemical indicators were collected, binary Logistic regression was established to screen the independent risk factors of LEDVT, and the correlation between polymorphism of 4 coagulation-related genes and LEDVT and its indicators under different genetic modes after adjusting confounding factors were analyzed. Results Five variables, D-dimer, fibrinogen degradation product, homocysteine, sex and age might be the risk factors of LEDVT. These variables were put into 4 genetic inheritance models, and adjusted in binary Logistic regression. The results suggested that the mutations of rs1042579 were correlated with LEDVT under dominant inheritance mode. Conclusion The gene polymorphism of rs1799963, rs6025 and rs1801131 has no significant correlation with the formation of LEDVT. The gene polymorphism of rs1042579 plays a role under dominant inheritance mode, and might be an independent risk factor for formation of LEDVT.
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Trombose Venosa , Coagulação Sanguínea/genética , Humanos , Extremidade Inferior , Polimorfismo Genético , Fatores de Risco , Trombose Venosa/genéticaRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Objective To study the expression of the three autophagy-associated proteins, BECN1, LC3 and p62, after the injury of the skeletal muscle of rats and to explore its application in differentiation between antemortem and postmortem injury. Methods The 72 healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the undamaged control group, the antemortem injury group ï¼0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h, 4 h, 8 h, 16 h and 24 hï¼ and postmortem injury group ï¼0.5 h, 1 h, 2 h and 4 hï¼. A model of the injured right hind limb of rats was constructed. The expressions of the autophagy-associated proteins, BECN1, LC3-2/LC3-1 and p62, in the control group, the antemortem injury group and postmortem injury group were detected by Western blotting method. The data were respectively centralized and standardized and the orthogonal partial least square-discrimination analysis ï¼OPLS-DAï¼ identification model of antemortem and postmortem injury groups was constructed. Results The expression of BECN1, p62 protein and LC3-2/LC3-1 after the injury of the skeletal muscle of the rats showed different degrees of changes, but the differences among the 3 groups had no statistical significance. Antemortem and postmortem injury groups can be distinguished by centralizing and standardizing the expression levels of autophagy protein BECN1 and the ratio of LC3-2/LC3-1. The principal components extracted from OPLS-DA model of antemortem injury and postmortem injury had a relatively good interpretation of the model ï¼Rx2=0.563, Ry2=0.439ï¼, but it were less predictive ï¼Q2=0.366ï¼. Conclusion The expression of BECN1 and the ratio of LC3-2/LC3-1 in injured local tissue of the rat skeletal muscle can be used for the differentiation of antemortem injury group and postmortem injury group.
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Autofagia , Proteínas , Animais , Músculo Esquelético , Mudanças Depois da Morte , Proteínas/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-DawleyRESUMO
ABSTRACT: Objective To explore the application of neutrophil migration distance for wound age estimation of skeletal muscles in rats, and to provide methodological basis for follow-up study in future. Methods The skeletal muscle contusion model was established in rats, and the control group and the 2, 4, 6 h post-traumatic groups were set. The law of response of neutrophils that participated in the inflammation after injury was detected by immunohistochemical staining, and the relationship between neutrophil migration distance and injury time was detected by TissueFAXS PLUS software. Results The skeletal muscle was obviously infiltrated with neutrophils 2-6 h after injury. The positive rate of neutrophil was ï¼28.75±0.94ï¼% at 2 h post-traumatic, and reached the peak ï¼45.50±3.63ï¼% at 4 h post-traumatic, then decreased to ï¼31.92±1.56ï¼% at 6 h post-traumatic. The neutrophil migration distances increased with the progress of inflammation, and reached ï¼124.80±12.32ï¼ µm, ï¼229.03±21.45ï¼ µm and ï¼335.04±16.75ï¼ µm at 2 h, 4 h and 6 h, respectively. Conclusion There is a relationship of neutrophil infiltrated number and migration distance and wound age within the 2-6 h after skeletal muscle injury, which could be used for the inference of skeletal muscle wound age.
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Contusões/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético , Infiltração de Neutrófilos , Neutrófilos , Animais , Seguimentos , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Músculo Esquelético/patologia , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To detect the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 ï¼Nrf2ï¼ to explore its change rule and effects in the repair process of skeletal muscle. METHODS: An injury model of skeletal muscle was established by injection of cardiotoxin into the gastrocnemius muscle of SD male rats. The muscle samples were taken from control group and injury group at each time point ï¼1 h, 4 h, 8 h, 12 h, 16 h, 1 d, 3 d, 5 d, 7 d, 9 d, 13 d, 17 d, 21 dï¼. The morphological changes of skeletal muscle in repair process were observed by HE staining, and the content of reactive oxygen species ï¼ROSï¼ was detected. The expression level of Nrf2 protein was investigated by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry staining. RESULTS: After the skeletal muscle injury, the injury region was infiltrated with inflammatory cells which constituted mainly by lymphocyte neutrophils and mononuclear cells. There were large amounts of immature muscle cells appeared at the 5th day and the muscle repair was completed at the 21th day. Comparing with control group, the ROS content decreased in injury group at the 12th hour ï¼P<0.05ï¼, while Nrf2 expression increased at the 16th hour ï¼P<0.05ï¼. Moreover, the positive rate of Nrf2 increased after injury, and peaked at 16 h-1 d, then decreased gradually and returned to the level of control group ï¼P<0.05ï¼. CONCLUSIONS: The Nrf2 protein involves in the regulation of the repair of skeletal muscle injury. The positive rate of Nrf2 shows a time-dependent expression, which can be used to estimate the wound age of skeletal muscle.
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Músculo Esquelético/lesões , Músculo Esquelético/metabolismo , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/metabolismo , Cicatrização , Animais , Masculino , Fator 2 Relacionado a NF-E2/genética , Estresse Oxidativo , Ratos , Espécies Reativas de Oxigênio , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To explore the homogeneity level of four different functional mRNA ï¼PUM2, TAB2, Cx45 and CHRNA1ï¼ expressions in rats with skeletal muscle contusion. METHODS: The relative expressions of PUM2, TAB2, Cx45 and CHRNA1 mRNAs were detected by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction ï¼RT-qPCRï¼. The coefficient of variation ï¼CVï¼ of the relative expressions for different individuals in each injury group was calculated. The extreme value of CV, cumulative variability, and CVCV were compared. RESULTS: A high CV of PUM2 and TAB2 mRNAs appeared on several different time points. However, the CV of Cx45 and CHRNA1 mRNAs was relatively low. The cumulative variability from high to low was PUM2, CHRNA1, TAB2 and Cx45 mRNAs. The relative expression of PUM2 mRNA was significantly higher than that of TAB2, Cx45 and CHRNA1 mRNAs ï¼ P<0.05ï¼. There was no statistical significance ï¼P>0.05ï¼ in the CVCV of the relative expression of TAB2, CHRNA1 and Cx45 mRNAs. CONCLUSIONS: As the mRNAs involving in biological process regulation, PUM2 and CHRNA1 mRNAs show a lowest individual homogeneity of the relative expression followed by TAB2 mRNA. As the mRNAs participating in the composition of cellular structure, Cx45 and CHRNA1 mRNAs show a high individual homogeneity of the relative expressions. The functional classification should be considered for the screening of the mRNA indicators used for wound age estimation.
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Contusões , RNA Mensageiro , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA , Cicatrização , Animais , Contusões/classificação , Contusões/diagnóstico , Proteínas de Ligação a RNA/metabolismo , Ratos , Ratos Sprague-Dawley , Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase em Tempo Real , Fatores de TempoRESUMO
OBJECTIVES: To analyse the relationship between Fourier transform infrared ï¼FTIRï¼ spectrum of rat's spleen tissue and postmortem interval ï¼PMIï¼ for PMI estimation using FTIR spectroscopy combined with data mining method. METHODS: Rats were sacrificed by cervical dislocation, and the cadavers were placed at 20 â. The FTIR spectrum data of rats' spleen tissues were taken and measured at different time points. After pretreatment, the data was analysed by data mining method. RESULTS: The absorption peak intensity of rat's spleen tissue spectrum changed with the PMI, while the absorption peak position was unchanged. The results of principal component analysis ï¼PCAï¼ showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first three principal components was 96%. There was an obvious clustering tendency for the spectrum sample at each time point. The methods of partial least squares discriminant analysis ï¼PLS-DAï¼ and support vector machine classification ï¼SVMCï¼ effectively divided the spectrum samples with different PMI into four categories ï¼0-24 h, 48-72 h, 96-120 h and 144-168 hï¼. The determination coefficient ï¼R²ï¼ of the PMI estimation model established by PLS regression analysis was 0.96, and the root mean square error of calibration ï¼RMSECï¼ and root mean square error of cross validation ï¼RMSECVï¼ were 9.90 h and 11.39 h respectively. In prediction set, the R² was 0.97, and the root mean square error of prediction ï¼RMSEPï¼ was 10.49 h. CONCLUSIONS: The FTIR spectrum of the rat's spleen tissue can be effectively analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by the combination of FTIR spectroscopy and data mining method, and the classification and PLS regression models can be established for PMI estimation.