Training and evaluation of professional competency in pediatric nursing: perspective of university professors.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the training and evaluation of professional competency to work in the area of pediatric nursing based on the conceptions and experiences of university professors. METHOD: A qualitative study conducted with pediatric nursing professors from six public undergraduate courses in the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The data were collected by semi-structured interview and analyzed by the Content Analysis method. RESULTS: Sixteen professors participated. Five main themes emerged: competency definition, attributes to act with children, advances in the training of professional competency, challenges to enable training pediatric competency, and methods and instruments for evaluating competency acquisition to work in the area of pediatric nursing. CONCLUSION: The findings of this study point to the importance of a balanced approach in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective dimensions in training and evaluating professional competency in pediatric nursing, as well as extending the curricular valorization of this area of knowledge and practice.

Implementation of the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test: experience report.

OBJECTIVE: To report the experience of implementing the São Paulo Nursing Courses Consortium for the Progress Test. METHOD: This is an experience report of the consortium's work in Progress Test preparation and application for Public Schools of Nursing in São Paulo in 2019, 2021 and 2022, with a descriptive analysis of the work process and the results obtained. RESULTS: The consortium's activities are structured into the following stages: planning; theme review; distributing and requesting questions; professor training; question elaboration; question reception; question selection; question validation; student registration; test application; analysis and dissemination of results. A total of 57.3% of enrolled students participated. There was a predominance of questions of medium difficulty and a gradual progression in the level of discrimination of the questions, with, in 2022, 82.5% being considered adequate. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The consortium has allowed the test to be applied interinstitutionally, with greater scope, accuracy, and quality of questions. Through this experience, it is expected to encourage progress testing in undergraduate nursing courses in other contexts.

Factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices.

BACKGROUND: The factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices are still poorly explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with different sexual practices. METHODS: Cross-sectional study that included 453 women, 149 Women with Homosexual practice (WSW); 80 bisexual Women (WSWM) and 224 Women with heterosexual practice (WSM). The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was performed by microscopic examination of the vaginal smears stained by Gram method and classified according to the Nugent et al. (1991) score. Data analysis was performed by Cox multiple regression. RESULTS: Bacterial vaginosis was associated to years of education among WSW (0.91 [95% CI 0.82‒0.99]; p = 0.048) and non-white skin color (2.34 [95% CI 1.05‒5.19]; p = 0.037) between WSWM. Changing partners in the last 3-months (2.09 [95% CI 1.14‒3.82]; p = 0.017), inconsistent use of condoms (2.61 [95% CI 1.10‒6.20]; p = 0.030) and positive diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (2.40 [95% CI 1.01‒5.73]; p = 0.048) were associated with bacterial vaginoses only in WSH. CONCLUSIONS: The factors associated to bacterial vaginosis differ between different sexual practices, suggesting that the type of sexual partner may influence the risk of developing this classic dysbiosis.

Knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. / Conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids.

This article aims to study the knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. Cross-sectional study of 260 women, 81 women who either have sex with women or with men and women (WSW) and 179 women who have sex exclusively with men (WSM). Data were collected in 2019/2020 by means of a form and validated instruments. To study the association between sexual partnership and level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS, multiple Cox regression models were adjusted, producing significant associations of p<0,05. The median percentage of correct answers was lower among WSW when compared to WSM [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0.023]. Having sex with woman [PR=2.36 (1.07-5.21); p=0.033] and less than 11 years of schooling [PR=2.64 (1.12-6.21); p=0.026] were independently associated with low knowledge. WSW had a lower level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS than WSM, and lower education was independently associated with this finding.

O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids. Estudo transversal com 260 mulheres, sendo 81 mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres ou com mulheres e homens (MSM) e 179 mulheres que fazem sexo exclusivamente com homens (MSH). Dados obtidos entre 2019 e 2020, por meio de aplicação de formulário e de instrumentos validados. Para estudar a associação entre parceria sexual e nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids foram ajustados modelos de regressão múltipla de Cox, sendo significativas as associações com p<0,05. A mediana do percentual de acerto das questões foi inferior entre às MSM quando comparadas às das MSH [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0,023]. Fazer sexo com mulher [RP=2,36 (1,07-5,21); p=0,033] e escolaridade menor que 11 anos de estudo [RP=2,64 (1,12-6,21); p=0,026] associaram-se independentemente ao baixo conhecimento. As MSM apresentaram menor nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids do que as MSH, assim como a menor escolaridade associou-se independentemente a esse desfecho.

Child health promotion from the perspective of family health strategy nurses.

OBJECTIVE: To apprehend nurses' conceptions and experiences about actions of child health promotion in family health units. METHODS: Exploratory study, with thematic content analysis of statements, obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses from a municipality in São Paulo. RESULTS: Three thematic categories emerged on child health promotion actions: they must be contextualized, provide for comprehensive care, and aim at self-care; they are carried out through health guidelines shared by professionals with children and their families, inside and outside the health units; present challenges to be overcome by health services, such as lack of involvement and appreciation of the family regarding child follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: The concepts apprehended approached the premises of official documents on health promotion; however, practical experiences included difficulties related to the life contexts of children, their families and health services, compromising the achievement of comprehensive care.

Abnormal vaginal flora in low-risk pregnant women cared for by a public health service: prevalence and association with symptoms and findings from gynecological exams.

This study identifies the prevalence of vaginal flora alterations in low-risk pregnant women and their association with reported symptoms and gynecological exams. This quantitative, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in public primary care service units in Botucatu, SP, Brazil from 2006 to 2008 with 289 pregnant women from a stratified sample obtained by sampling by care unit. Tests of vaginal content were performed using Gram's method and testing for Trichomonas vaginalis using Diamond's medium. The prevalence of altered vaginal flora was 49.5%, of which bacterial vaginosis (20.7%), vaginal candidiasis (11.8%) and intermediate flora (11.1%) were the most frequent, not considering associations. Results revealed a high prevalence of vaginal flora alterations with little relation to symptoms, but in agreement with findings from the gynecological exams. Considering undesirable maternal and perinatal outcomes and feasible laboratory practices, the establishment of a routine for diagnosing vaginal flora alterations in low-risk pregnant women is suggested.

[Vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections of women who have sex with women]. / Vulnerabilidade de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis.

The scope of this study was to assess the degree of vulnerability to sexually transmitted infections of women who have sex with women. It involved a cross-sectional study of 150 women between 2015 and 2017. A structured questionnaire was applied, and a gynecological examination was performed to diagnose Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis and papillomavirus. Blood tests were conducted to detect HIV, hepatitis B and syphilis. The outcome variable was sexual infection and the independent variables comprised the vulnerability level in the individual, social and programmatic dimensions. Data analyses were performed through logistic regression. The results showed a high prevalence of infections (47.3%) and only variables of individual vulnerability were associated with the outcome. The incidence of infection was four times higher among women who had had prior infections. The fact of never having had a blood test tripled the chance of having sexually transmitted infections. The fact of also having sexual intercourse with men in the previous 12-month-period increased the risk of the outcome by a factor of approximately nine. The conclusion drawn is that these women are vulnerable to sexually transmitted infections due to their individual vulnerability.

O objetivo do presente estudo foi identificar as dimensões da vulnerabilidade de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres associadas às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis. Estudo transversal com 150 mulheres, entre 2015-2017. Aplicou-se questionário estruturado, realizou-se exame ginecológico para diagnóstico de Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Trichomonas vaginalis, papiloma vírus humano e coleta de sangue periférico para detecção de HIV, hepatite B e sífilis. A variável desfecho foi a ocorrência de infecção sexual e as variáveis independentes compõem o referencial da vulnerabilidade, nas dimensões individual, social e programática. Análise de dados foi realizada por modelo de regressão logística. Os resultados mostraram alta prevalência das infecções (47,3%) e apenas variáveis relacionadas à vulnerabilidade individual se associaram de forma independente ao desfecho: chance de infecção foi quatro vezes maior entre mulheres com antecedente de infecção; nunca ter realizado exame sorológico aumentou a chance em quase três vezes e ter tido relação sexual com homem nos últimos 12 meses aumentou em quase nove vezes a chance do desfecho. Concluiu-se que essas mulheres são vulneráveis às infecções sexualmente transmissíveis em decorrência da vulnerabilidade individual.

Health promotion by nursing technicians from the nurses' perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze education and practice of nursing technicians in health promotion, from the perspective of teaching nurses of technical course and Primary Health Care nurses. METHOD: an exploratory study with qualitative data analysis, carried out in the city of São Paulo, through semi-structured interviews with nine public technical professors and 16 nurses from the basic health network. Data thematic analysis was carried out. RESULTS: three thematic categories have emerged: Conceptions and experiences on health promotion; Nursing technician's practice in health promotion; and Nursing technician education on health promotion. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: it is necessary to review the centrality given to technicalism in the education and practice of nursing technicians, contemplating the health promotion and seeking the development of professional competence for the construction of transformative practices aimed at valuing the autonomy and proactivity of the people in health and quality of life production.

[Nursing consultation for Leprosy patients: proposal of an instrument for nursing process application]. / Consulta de enfermagem ao portador de Hanseníase: proposta de um instrumento para aplicação do processo de enfermagem.

This study aimed at reporting the experience of nursing consultation for leprosy patients performed at a university primary health care unit in inner São Paulo state as well as at presenting the instrument used. This activity is performed by two nurses who have worked in the program for over two decades and have thus become experienced in providing care to this type of patient. The effectiveness of instruments is evaluated as concerns form and content, thus enabling the assessment of actual health care needs based on an expanded analysis of the health-disease process. With this proposal, it is expected that nurses' action will be facilitated in the implementation of procedures aiming at comprehensive care.

[Assessment of the program for use of the monoclonal antibody palivizumab in São Paulo State, Brazil]. / Avaliação do programa de uso da imunoglobulina palivizumabe no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil.

This study aimed to assess the program for use of the monoclonal antibody palivizumab in São Paulo State, Brazil. The evaluation adopted the frame of reference proposed by Donabedian, and the data were discussed on the basis of the guidelines from the Ruling on the use of palivizumab in the national network and in the Manual on Standards and Procedures for Vaccination. Sixteen application services in the state were included, with 693 children/mothers enrolled in the program in 2014 (85.1% of the eligible population). For the structure and process evaluation, scores were created that allowed classifying the application services as adequate, partially adequate, and inadequate (non-compliance rates were ≤ 10%, 11-20%, and > 20%, respectively). Results were evaluated according to the association between failure to administer palivizumab and need for hospitalization due to respiratory disease/symptoms, based on the point and interval odds ratios, with 95% confidence interval and critical p-value < 0.05. Of the 11 application services whose structure was classified as adequate, only two showed adequate process, four showed inadequate process, and five partially adequate process. Risk of ICU admission due to respiratory disease/symptoms increased on average by 30% for each failure (p = 0.003; OR = 1.30; 95%CI: 1.09-1.55). In conclusion, having a favorable structure for the program for use of palivizumab in São Paulo State did not necessarily result in an adequate process. In general, the situation with the structure was better than the process. All doses of the monoclonal antibody need to be administered in order to prevent hospitalization from respiratory disease/symptoms.

O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o programa de uso da imunoglobulina palivizumabe no Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Adotou-se o referencial de avaliação proposto por Donabedian, e os dados foram discutidos com base nas recomendações da Portaria que regulamenta o uso da palivizumabe em rede nacional e no Manual de Normas e Procedimentos para Vacinação. Foram incluídos os 16 locais de aplicação do estado, bem como 693 crianças/mães inscritas no programa em 2014 (85,1% da população elegível). Para avaliação da estrutura e processo foram criados escores que permitiram classificar os locais de aplicação em adequado, parcialmente adequado e inadequado, quando havia até 10%, de 11-20% e superior a 20% de desconformidades, respectivamente. Para a avaliação de resultado, buscou-se associação entre falha na tomada da palivizumabe e a necessidade de hospitalização por doença/sintomatologia respiratória, baseando-se em odds ratio pontual e intervalar, com intervalo de 95% de confiança e valor de p crítico < 0,05. Dos 11 postos de aplicação que tiveram estrutura classificada como adequada, apenas dois apresentaram processo adequado, quatro apresentaram processo inadequado e cinco parcialmente adequados. O risco de hospitalização em UTI por doença/sintomatologia respiratória aumentou em média 30% a cada falha (p = 0,003; OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,09-1,55). Conclui-se que ter estrutura do programa de uso da imunoglobulina no Estado de São Paulo favorável não resultou, necessariamente, em processo adequado. Em geral, a situação da estrutura foi melhor do que a de processo. Mostrou-se relevante a aplicação de todas as doses da imunoglobulina para a prevenção de internação por doença/sintomatologia respiratória.

El objetivo de este estudio fue evaluar el programa de uso de la inmunoglobulina palivizumab en el Estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Se adoptó el sistema referencial de evaluación propuesto por Donabedian, donde los datos se discutieron en base a las recomendaciones del decreto que regula el uso del palivizumab en la red nacional y en el Manual de Normas y Procedimientos para la Vacunación. Se incluyeron 16 espacios de aplicación en el estado, así como a 693 niños/madres inscritas en el programa en 2014 (85,1% de la población elegible). Para la evaluación de la estructura y proceso se crearon marcadores que permitieron clasificar los lugares de aplicación como: adecuado, parcialmente adecuado e inadecuado, cuando había hasta un 10%, de 11-20% y superior al 20% de discordancias, respectivamente. Para la evaluación del resultado, se buscó la asociación entre el fallo en la toma del palivizumab y la necesidad de hospitalización por enfermedad/sintomatología respiratoria, basándose en la razón de probabilidades puntual y con intervalos, con un intervalo del 95% de confianza y valor de p crítico < 0,05. De los 11 puestos de aplicación que contaron con una estructura clasificada como adecuada, solamente dos presentaron un proceso adecuado, cuatro presentaron proceso inadecuado y cinco parcialmente adecuados. El riesgo de hospitalización en la UTI por enfermedad/sintomatología respiratoria aumentó de media un 30% con cada fallo (p = 0,003; OR = 1,30; IC95%: 1,09-1,55). Se concluye que contar con una estructura del programa de uso de la inmunoglobulina en el Estado de São Paulo no resultó favorable, necesariamente, en un proceso adecuado. En general, la situación de la estructura fue mejor que la del proceso. Se mostró relevante la aplicación de todas las dosis de inmunoglobulina para la prevención del internamiento por enfermedad/sintomatología respiratoria.

Prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women.

OBJECTIVE: to describe the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis and factors associated among women who have sex with women. METHOD: cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study with 150 women. The vaginal microbiota profile was analyzed by microscopic examination of vaginal swabs according to the Gram method. Endocervical samples were collected with cytobrush for the investigation of endocervicitis by Chlamydia trachomatis. The polymerase chain reaction was used to diagnosis Human Papillomavirus infection. Socio-demographic data, sexual behavior and clinical history were obtained through an interview. Logistic regression was performed to identify risk factors independently associated with bacterial vaginosis. RESULTS: among the 150 participants, 71 (47.3%) presented some alteration in the vaginal microbiota, 54 (36.0%) bacterial vaginosis and 12 (8.0%) Flora II. The variable independently associated with bacterial vaginosis was the use of sexual accessories [2.37(1.13-4.97), p=0.022]. CONCLUSION: the high prevalence of bacterial vaginosis among women who have sex with women indicates the need for screening this population and association between use of sexual accessories and this disease suggests the possibility of transmission of sexual fluids between the partners during the sexual act, which demonstrates the need for educational actions on sexual and reproductive health.

Conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids / Knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é estudar o conhecimento de mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids. Estudo transversal com 260 mulheres, sendo 81 mulheres que fazem sexo com mulheres ou com mulheres e homens (MSM) e 179 mulheres que fazem sexo exclusivamente com homens (MSH). Dados obtidos entre 2019 e 2020, por meio de aplicação de formulário e de instrumentos validados. Para estudar a associação entre parceria sexual e nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids foram ajustados modelos de regressão múltipla de Cox, sendo significativas as associações com p<0,05. A mediana do percentual de acerto das questões foi inferior entre às MSM quando comparadas às das MSH [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0,023]. Fazer sexo com mulher [RP=2,36 (1,07-5,21); p=0,033] e escolaridade menor que 11 anos de estudo [RP=2,64 (1,12-6,21); p=0,026] associaram-se independentemente ao baixo conhecimento. As MSM apresentaram menor nível de conhecimento sobre Infecções Sexualmente Transmissíveis e Aids do que as MSH, assim como a menor escolaridade associou-se independentemente a esse desfecho.

Abstract This article aims to study the knowledge of women who have sex with women about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS. Cross-sectional study of 260 women, 81 women who either have sex with women or with men and women (WSW) and 179 women who have sex exclusively with men (WSM). Data were collected in 2019/2020 by means of a form and validated instruments. To study the association between sexual partnership and level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS, multiple Cox regression models were adjusted, producing significant associations of p<0,05. The median percentage of correct answers was lower among WSW when compared to WSM [68% (18-96) vs 75% (14-96); p=0.023]. Having sex with woman [PR=2.36 (1.07-5.21); p=0.033] and less than 11 years of schooling [PR=2.64 (1.12-6.21); p=0.026] were independently associated with low knowledge. WSW had a lower level of knowledge about Sexually Transmitted Infections and AIDS than WSM, and lower education was independently associated with this finding.

Factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices

Abstract Background The factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with homosexual, bisexual and heterosexual practices are still poorly explored. Thus, the aim of this study was to analyze the factors associated with bacterial vaginosis in women with different sexual practices. Methods Cross-sectional study that included 453 women, 149 Women with Homosexual practice (WSW); 80 bisexual Women (WSWM) and 224 Women with heterosexual practice (WSM). The diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis was performed by microscopic examination of the vaginal smears stained by Gram method and classified according to the Nugent et al. (1991) score. Data analysis was performed by Cox multiple regression. Results Bacterial vaginosis was associated to years of education among WSW (0.91 [95% CI 0.82‒0.99]; p= 0.048) and non-white skin color (2.34 [95% CI 1.05‒5.19]; p= 0.037) between WSWM. Changing partners in the last 3-months (2.09 [95% CI 1.14‒3.82]; p= 0.017), inconsistent use of condoms (2.61 [95% CI 1.10‒6.20]; p= 0.030) and positive diagnosis of Chlamydia trachomatis (2.40 [95% CI 1.01‒5.73]; p= 0.048) were associated with bacterial vaginoses only in WSH. Conclusions The factors associated to bacterial vaginosis differ between different sexual practices, suggesting that the type of sexual partner may influence the risk of developing this classic dysbiosis.

Socioeconomic and demographic profile of leprosy carriers attended in nursing consultations.

Leprosy is a contagious infectious disease that manifests due to unfavorable socioeconomic factors, endemic levels and individual conditions. This study aimed to recognize the socioeconomic and demographic profile and degree of incapacity installed in leprosy carriers attended at the School Health Center in Botucatu. Data were obtained through nursing consultation performed in 37 patients. The results showed a predominance of individuals with stable union (78%), whites (92%), age between 30 and 49 years old (51%), low level of schooling (68% with incomplete primary education) and those with per capita familial income less than one minimum salary (59 %). More than one third of the patients investigated (35%) presented some degree of physical incapacity. The association of low socioeconomic profile with the presence of physical incapacities assigns greater vulnerability to this population and can negatively influence their quality of life.

Child health promotion from the perspective of family health strategy nurses / Promoción de la salud infantil en la perspectiva de enfermeros de la estrategia de salud familiar / Promoção da saúde infantil na perspectiva de enfermeiros da estratégia saúde da família

ABSTRACT Objective To apprehend nurses' conceptions and experiences about actions of child health promotion in family health units. Methods Exploratory study, with thematic content analysis of statements, obtained through semi-structured interviews with 11 nurses from a municipality in São Paulo. Results Three thematic categories emerged on child health promotion actions: they must be contextualized, provide for comprehensive care, and aim at self-care; they are carried out through health guidelines shared by professionals with children and their families, inside and outside the health units; present challenges to be overcome by health services, such as lack of involvement and appreciation of the family regarding child follow-up. Conclusions The concepts apprehended approached the premises of official documents on health promotion; however, practical experiences included difficulties related to the life contexts of children, their families and health services, compromising the achievement of comprehensive care.

RESUMEN Objetivo Aprehender las concepciones y experiencias de enfermeros sobre las acciones de promoción de la salud del niño en las unidades de salud de la familia. Métodos Estudio exploratorio, con análisis de contenido temático de testimonios, obtenidos a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas con 11 enfermeros de un municipio de São Paulo. Resultados Emergieron tres categorías temáticas sobre las acciones de promoción de la salud del niño: deben ser contextualizadas, brindar atención integral y apuntar al autocuidado; se realizan a través de pautas de salud compartidas por los profesionales con los niños y sus familias, dentro y fuera de las unidades de salud; presentan desafíos a ser superados por los servicios de salud, como la falta de involucramiento y valorización de la familia en el cuidado del niño. Conclusiones Los conceptos aprehendidos se acercaron a las premisas de los documentos oficiales sobre promoción de la salud, sin embargo, las experiencias prácticas incluyeron dificultades relacionadas con los contextos de vida de los niños, sus familias y los servicios de salud, comprometiendo la consecución de una atención integral.

RESUMO Objetivo Apreender concepções e experiências de enfermeiros sobre ações de promoção da saúde infantil em unidades de saúde da família. Métodos Estudo exploratório, com análise de conteúdo temática de depoimentos, obtidos por entrevistas semiestruturadas com 11 enfermeiros de município paulista. Resultados Emergiram três categorias temáticas sobre ações de promoção da saúde infantil: devem ser contextualizadas, prever a integralidade do cuidado e visar o autocuidado; realizam-se por meio de orientações sobre saúde compartilhadas pelos profissionais com crianças e suas famílias, dentro e fora das unidades de saúde; apresentam desafios a serem superados pelos serviços da saúde, como falta de envolvimento e valorização da família quanto ao acompanhamento infantil. Conclusões As concepções apreendidas se aproximaram das premissas dos documentos oficiais sobre promoção da saúde, contudo, as experiências práticas incluíram dificuldades relativas aos contextos de vida das crianças, suas famílias e serviços de saúde, comprometendo a consecução da integralidade do cuidado.

[Immunization coverage and associated factors of women who have recently given birth in a city in São Paulo state]. / Cobertura vacinal e fatores associados em puérperas de município paulista.

The importance of immunization among actions recommended in the prenatal period raises the possibility of protecting both the mother and the fetus against certain harmful diseases. The scope of this study was to assess the immunization coverage and associated factors of mothers whose deliveries occurred in the first half of 2012 in Botucatu, state of São Paulo. It is a cross-sectional study and data collection was performed in the two municipal maternity hospitals. Of the total births during the study period, 1318 mothers (90.3%) were included The data for the characterization of participants and their vaccination status (diphtheria, tetanus and hepatitis B) were obtained from the prenatal card, hospital records or interviews. For analysis of associated factors, the Chi-square test was used, with a 95% confidence interval and critical p of <0.05. Most of the study participants were 20 years old or more (84.4%), had seven years of schooling (69%), were monitored in prenatal care (99.2%) with seven or more appointments (88.9%). Miscarriage and infant death of 17.7% and 2.4% was recorded, respectively. Vaccination coverage was 68.4%. There was no association between sociodemographic and obstetric variables relating to prenatal care and vaccination of pregnant women.

Child Health Surveillance: nurses perspective.

OBJECTIVE: to analyze conceptions of nurses on child health surveillance in family health units. METHOD: a qualitative study with thematic analysis of the data, based on the paradigm of Health Surveillance. Interviews were conducted with 13 nurses in a countryside city in the state of Sao Paulo. RESULTS: nurses conceived child health surveillance as an active monitoring, which should be comprehensive, identifying risks/vulnerabilities, through multidisciplinary and intersectoral actions that are dependent on maternal involvement. We found partial development of these assumptions in practice, due to difficulties such as lack of maternal involvement in the proposed actions, lack of time for discussion and adoption of measures in the units and disarticulation between levels and sectors of the city. CONCLUSION: a greater political and technical investment is needed to ensure the adoption of this model in different sectors and levels of care of the city.

Bacterial vaginosis in pregnant adolescents: proinflammatory cytokine and bacterial sialidase profile. Cross-sectional study.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Bacterial vaginosis occurs frequently in pregnancy and increases susceptibility to sexually transmitted infections (STI). Considering that adolescents are disproportionally affected by STI, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cervicovaginal levels of interleukin (IL)-1 beta, IL-6, IL-8 and bacterial sialidase in pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional study at mother and child referral units in Belém, Pará, Brazil. METHODS: Vaginal samples from 168 pregnant adolescents enrolled were tested for trichomoniasis and candidiasis. Their vaginal microbiota was classified according to the Nugent criteria (1991) as normal, intermediate or bacterial vaginosis. Cervical infection due to Chlamydia trachomatisand Neisseria gonorrhoeae was also assessed. Cytokine and sialidase levels were measured, respectively, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and MUAN conversion in cervicovaginal lavages. Forty-eight adolescents (28.6%) were excluded because they tested positive for some of the infections investigated. The remaining 120 adolescents were grouped according to vaginal flora type: normal (n = 68) or bacterial vaginosis (n = 52). Their cytokine and sialidase levels were compared between the groups using the Mann-Whitney test (P < 0.05). RESULTS: The pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis had higher levels of IL-1 beta, IL-6 and IL-8 (P < 0.05). Sialidase was solely detected in 35 adolescents (67.2%) with bacterial vaginosis. CONCLUSIONS: Not only IL-1 beta and sialidase levels, but also IL-6 and IL-8 levels are higher in pregnant adolescents with bacterial vaginosis, thus indicating that this condition elicits a more pronounced inflammatory response in this population, which potentially increases vulnerability to STI acquisition.

Vulnerability of women living with HIV/AIDS.

OBJECTIVE: outline the profile of women living with the human immunodeficiency virus/aids in interior cities in São Paulo State, in the attempt to identify characteristics related to individual, social and programmatic vulnerability and to analyze the conditions in which they discovered their serological status. METHOD: between October 2008 and December 2010, a cross-sectional study was undertaken with 184 women attended at a specialized service. The data were collected through an interview and gynecological test, including the collection of samples for the etiological diagnosis of sexually transmissible conditions. RESULTS: the women were predominantly white, between 30 and 49 years of age, lived with a partner, had a low education level, multiple sexual partners across the lifetime and unsafe sexual practices. The prevalence of sexually transmitted diseases corresponded to 87.0%. CONCLUSION: the study suggests the need to offer gynecological care in specialized services and the accomplishment of multiprofessional actions to reinforce the female autonomy in protective decision making.

Health promotion by nursing technicians from the nurses' perspective / Promoción de la salud por técnicos en enfermería, en la perspectiva de enfermeros / Promoção da saúde por técnicos em enfermagem, na perspectiva de enfermeiros

ABSTRACT Objective: to analyze education and practice of nursing technicians in health promotion, from the perspective of teaching nurses of technical course and Primary Health Care nurses. Method: an exploratory study with qualitative data analysis, carried out in the city of São Paulo, through semi-structured interviews with nine public technical professors and 16 nurses from the basic health network. Data thematic analysis was carried out. Results: three thematic categories have emerged: Conceptions and experiences on health promotion; Nursing technician's practice in health promotion; and Nursing technician education on health promotion. Final considerations: it is necessary to review the centrality given to technicalism in the education and practice of nursing technicians, contemplating the health promotion and seeking the development of professional competence for the construction of transformative practices aimed at valuing the autonomy and proactivity of the people in health and quality of life production.

RESUMEN Objetivo: analizar la formación y praxis del técnico en Enfermería en la promoción de la salud, bajo la perspectiva de enfermeros docentes de curso técnico y de la Atención Primaria de Salud. Método: estudio exploratorio con análisis cualitativo de datos, realizado en municipio paulista, por medio de entrevistas semiestructuradas con nueve docentes de curso técnico público y 16 enfermeros de la red básica de salud. Se procedió al análisis temático de los datos. Resultados: se configuraron tres categorías temáticas: Concepciones y experiencias sobre promoción de la salud; Práxis del técnico en Enfermería en la promoción de la salud; y Formación del técnico en Enfermería para promoción de la salud. Consideraciones finales: se hace necesario revisar la centralidad dada al tecnicismo en la formación y praxis del técnico en Enfermería, contemplando la promoción de la salud y buscando el desarrollo de la competencia profesional para la construcción de prácticas transformadoras orientadas a la valorización de la autonomía y la proactividad de las personas en la producción de salud y calidad de vida.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar a formação e práxis do técnico em enfermagem na promoção da saúde, sob a perspectiva de enfermeiros docentes de curso técnico e da Atenção Primária à Saúde. Método: estudo exploratório com análise qualitativa de dados, realizado em município paulista, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com nove docentes de curso técnico público e 16 enfermeiros da rede básica de saúde. Procedeu-se à análise temática dos dados. Resultados: configuraram-se três categorias temáticas: Concepções e experiências sobre promoção da saúde; Práxis do técnico em enfermagem na promoção da saúde; e Formação do técnico em enfermagem para promoção da saúde. Considerações finais: faz-se necessário rever a centralidade dada ao tecnicismo na formação e práxis do técnico em enfermagem, contemplando a promoção da saúde e buscando o desenvolvimento da competência profissional para construção de práticas transformadoras voltadas para valorização da autonomia e proatividade das pessoas na produção de saúde e qualidade de vida.