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1.
Can J Anaesth ; 2024 Nov 04.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39497003

RESUMO

PURPOSE: Northern Ontario residents experience multiple health disparities compared with those in Southern Ontario. It is unknown whether this leads to differences in surgical outcomes. We sought to compare postoperative outcomes of patients from Northern and Southern Ontario. METHODS: We conducted a retrospective population-based cohort study using linked administrative health care data to identify all adult patients undergoing selected elective intermediate- to high-risk noncardiac surgeries in Ontario, Canada between 2009 and 2022. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality following surgery. The secondary outcomes were number of days alive at home, hospital length of stay, total health care system costs, discharge disposition, and readmissions. We used regression models to estimate the adjusted association between the exposure and outcomes. RESULTS: This study identified 562,115 patients, including 41,191 (7.3%) from Northern Ontario. We did not find strong evidence that mortality rates were higher for Northern vs Southern Ontario residents (adjusted odds ratio, 1.04; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.85 to 1.27). Health system costs were lower for Northern Ontario residents at 30 days [adjusted ratio of mean (RoM), 0.92; 95% CI, 0.89 to 0.96] and at 365 days (adjusted RoM, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.90 to 0.96). Hospital length of stay was longer for Northern Ontario residents (adjusted RoM, 1.06; 95% CI, 1.01 to 1.11). The number of days alive at home and rate of readmission were not statistically different between the two groups. CONCLUSION: Northern Ontario residency was not associated with increased odds of mortality after intermediate- to high-risk elective noncardiac surgery. Overall, we found no clinically meaningful differences in postoperative outcomes between patients from Northern and Southern Ontario.


RéSUMé: OBJECTIF: Les personnes résidant dans le Nord de l'Ontario connaissent de multiples disparités en matière de santé par rapport à celles vivant dans le sud de la province. On ne sait pas si cela entraîne des différences quant aux issues chirurgicales. Nous avons cherché à comparer les issues postopératoires des patient·es du Nord et du Sud de l'Ontario. MéTHODE: Nous avons réalisé une étude de cohorte rétrospective basée sur la population en utilisant des données administratives couplées sur les soins de santé pour identifier tou·tes les patient·es adultes bénéficiant de certaines chirurgies non cardiaques non urgentes à risque intermédiaire à élevé en Ontario, au Canada, entre 2009 et 2022. Le critère d'évaluation principal était la mortalité à 30 jours après la chirurgie. Les critères d'évaluation secondaires étaient le nombre de jours de vie à domicile, la durée de séjour à l'hôpital, les coûts totaux pour le système de soins de santé, les dispositions pour le congé et les réadmissions. Nous avons utilisé des modèles de régression pour estimer l'association ajustée entre l'exposition et les issues. RéSULTATS: Cette étude a identifié 562 115 patient·es, dont 41 191 (7,3 %) provenant du Nord de l'Ontario. Nous n'avons pas trouvé de données probantes solides confirmant que les taux de mortalité étaient plus élevés chez les personnes résidant dans le Nord de l'Ontario par rapport au sud de la province (rapport de cotes ajusté, 1,04; intervalle de confiance [IC] à 95 %, 0,85 à 1,27). Les coûts du système de santé étaient moins élevés pour les résident·es du Nord de l'Ontario à 30 jours [rapport de la moyenne (RoM) ajusté, 0,92; IC 95 %, 0,89 à 0,96] et à 365 jours (RoM ajusté, 0,93; IC 95 %, 0,90 à 0,96). La durée de séjour à l'hôpital était plus longue chez les résident·es du Nord de l'Ontario (RoM ajustée, 1,06; IC 95 %, 1,01 à 1,11). Le nombre de jours en vie à domicile et le taux de réadmission n'étaient pas statistiquement différents entre les deux groupes. CONCLUSION: Le fait d'habiter dans le Nord de l'Ontario n'était pas associé à une augmentation des risques de mortalité après une chirurgie non cardiaque non urgente à risque intermédiaire à élevé. Dans l'ensemble, nous n'avons trouvé aucune différence cliniquement significative dans les issues postopératoires entre les patient·es du Nord et du Sud de l'Ontario.

3.
BMJ Open ; 14(6): e084847, 2024 Jun 03.
Artigo em Inglês | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-38830735

RESUMO

INTRODUCTION: Tranexamic acid (TXA) is an inexpensive and widely available medication that reduces blood loss and red blood cell (RBC) transfusion in cardiac and orthopaedic surgeries. While the use of TXA in these surgeries is routine, its efficacy and safety in other surgeries, including oncologic surgeries, with comparable rates of transfusion are uncertain. Our primary objective is to evaluate whether a hospital-level policy implementation of routine TXA use in patients undergoing major non-cardiac surgery reduces RBC transfusion without increasing thrombotic risk. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A pragmatic, registry-based, blinded, cluster-crossover randomised controlled trial at 10 Canadian sites, enrolling patients undergoing non-cardiac surgeries at high risk for RBC transfusion. Sites are randomised in 4-week intervals to a hospital policy of intraoperative TXA or matching placebo. TXA is administered as 1 g at skin incision, followed by an additional 1 g prior to skin closure. Coprimary outcomes are (1) effectiveness, evaluated as the proportion of patients transfused RBCs during hospital admission and (2) safety, evaluated as the proportion of patients diagnosed with venous thromboembolism within 90 days. Secondary outcomes include: (1) transfusion: number of RBC units transfused (both at a hospital and patient level); (2) safety: in-hospital diagnoses of myocardial infarction, stroke, deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism; (3) clinical: hospital length of stay, intensive care unit admission, hospital survival, 90-day survival and the number of days alive and out of hospital to day 30; and (4) compliance: the proportion of enrolled patients who receive a minimum of one dose of the study intervention. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: Institutional research ethics board approval has been obtained at all sites. At the completion of the trial, a plain language summary of the results will be posted on the trial website and distributed in the lay press. Our trial results will be published in a peer-reviewed scientific journal. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT04803747.


Assuntos
Antifibrinolíticos , Ácido Tranexâmico , Humanos , Antifibrinolíticos/uso terapêutico , Antifibrinolíticos/administração & dosagem , Perda Sanguínea Cirúrgica/prevenção & controle , Canadá , Estudos Cross-Over , Transfusão de Eritrócitos , Política Organizacional , Ácido Tranexâmico/uso terapêutico , Ácido Tranexâmico/administração & dosagem , Ensaios Clínicos Controlados Aleatórios como Assunto
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