The Effect of Dream Anxiety on Sleep Quality in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.

INTRODUCTION: Declining sleep quality is a well-known issue in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), but dream characteristics of patients with IBD and their role in sleep quality are unknown. In this study, we aimed to examine whether and how patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD) differ on sleep quality, sleepiness level, and dream anxiety (DA) level compared to healthy controls (HC), controlling for their depressive and anxious tendencies. METHODS: Patients and HCs were enrolled prospectively into the study. The Van DA Scale, Pittsburg Sleep Quality Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale, Beck Depression Index, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventories were used to assess DA, sleep quality, sleepiness, depression, and anxiety, respectively. RESULTS: Patients with IBD had significantly lower depression (p = 0.004), state anxiety (p = 0.0001), trait anxiety (p = 0.004), and DA (p = 0.0001) than HCs. Although no statistically significant difference in sleep quality was found (p = 0.99), daytime sleepiness was more common in HCs than in IBD patients (p = 0.0001). No statistically significant difference was seen in depression, state anxiety, trait anxiety, DA, sleep quality, and daytime sleepiness between patients with CD and those with UC. No correlation was found between disease activity indices and psychological parameters. CONCLUSION: In contrast to previous studies, this study found lower anxiety and depression levels in patients with IBD than in HCs. Moreover, DA score was higher in HCs. For the first time, we revealed that DA may be one of the factors leading to sleep disturbance in patients with IBD.

Impact of expectant mother's knowledge level about fetal anomaly scan on their state anxiety prior to antenatal ultrasound screening.

OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate the role of expectant mothers' background antenatal ultrasound knowledge on their state anxiety when they apply for the ultrasound examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted in perinatology outpatient clinic of a university hospital. Expectant mothers who applied for the first trimester ultrasound scan and second trimester anomaly scan were recruited to the study. A self-report form was applied to participants to assess the sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, knowledge and attitudes toward antenatal ultrasound. Expectant mothers' state anxiety prior to ultrasound scan was measured with the state sub-scale of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. RESULTS: A total of 500 expectant mothers (220 in the first trimester and 280 in the second trimester) were included to the study. We found a negative correlation between the participants' age and state anxiety level (r = -0.118, p < .01). Also, participants' education level had a significant effect on their state anxiety level (F (2, 497)=5.91, p < .01). Participant's age significantly predicted lower state anxiety level (ß = -0.10, t = -2.09, p < .05). We did not find any significant relationship between the mean knowledge level of mothers and state anxiety levels of mothers (r = -0.07, p > .05). CONCLUSION: Age was the only affecting factor on anxiety levels before ultrasound scan in pregnant participants. There was no significant effect of background knowledge on state anxiety.

The association between individual attachment patterns, the perceived social support, and the psychological well-being of Turkish informal caregivers.

BACKGROUND: This study aimed to investigate the relations among the psychological well-being (i.e. depression and state/trait anxiety levels), attachment patterns (i.e. secure, ambivalent, avoidant), and the perceived social support from family/friends/significant others of caregivers of cancer patients in Turkey. METHODS: Fifty-one caregivers of adult cancer patients were recruited from the oncology outpatient clinic of the Marmara Medical School Hospital in Istanbul. Caregivers were assessed with the Adult Attachment Scale, the Beck Depression Inventory, State-trait Anxiety Inventories, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. RESULTS: Stepwise multiple regression analysis indicated that depression was predicted by ambivalent attachment and the perceived social support from family. The support from significant others was the significant predictor of trait anxiety and the caregivers' ambivalent attachment score was the significant predictor of state anxiety. CONCLUSIONS: We assert that ambivalent attachment pattern could confer a vulnerability to psychological distress in cancer caregivers. Assessing the psychological experiences and needs of caregivers and being aware of possible risk factors (such as attachment patterns) and protective factors (social support network) for depression and anxiety might be helpful for successful programmes and interventions that support the caregivers of cancer patients.

The role of leadership perception as a mediator between managers' self-monitoring and subordinate attitudes.

Although the role of social cognition in leadership perception has been emphasized frequently in recent years, research using this approach in an organizational context is rare. This study investigated subordinates' perceptions of their managers as leaders (that is, to what extent they perceive their manager as a leader) as a potential mediating factor explaining the relationship between managers' self-monitoring and their subordinates' attitudes toward their organizations. The study was carried out with middle-level managers (N = 64) and their subordinates (N = 210) from various business organizations in Turkey. Results indicate that subordinates' leadership perceptions of their managers mediate the relationship between managers' self-monitoring and their subordinates' affective and normative organizational commitment. These results provide insight into some of the antecedents and outcomes of leadership perception.